Objects
To evaluate prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of primary squamous cell carcinoma in thyroid (PSCCTh) over the past decades using a large national database.
Methods
All patients ...diagnosed with PSCCTh between 1973 and 2015 were identified with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) 18-registry database. Relevant clinical data were collected, and prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed.
Results
This cohort study included 242 patients, accounting for 0.12% of all primary thyroid carcinomas from 1973 to 2015 nationwide. Of the patients with PSCCTh, 75% were older than 60 years at diagnosis. Patient age older than 60 years (HR 2.242, 95% CI 1.367–3.676,
P
= 0.001) and a tumor size larger than or equal to 50 mm (HR 1.479, 95% CI 1.011–2.165,
P
= 0.044) were independent negative prognostic factors. The univariate analysis suggested that the morphological subtype (OS,
P
= 0.033; DSS,
P
= 0.048), clinical treatment modality (OS,
P
< 0.0001; DSS,
P
< 0.0001), and T stage (OS,
P
= 0.004; DSS,
P
= 0.001) were important predictive factors for OS and DSS. In contrast, gender, race, year of diagnosis, geographic location, N stage, and M stage were not prognostic factors.
Conclusions
PSCCTh is a rare malignancy with an aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Survival is predicted by the treatment modality, patient age, T stage, tumor size, and morphological subtypes. This study showed that early diagnosis and complete surgical resection plus adjuvant radiation therapy were associated with a better outcome.
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•Well-defined Strandberg polyoxometalates were used to prepare hydrodesulfurization catalysts.•Highly dispersed and stacked MoS2 was controllably prepared via the polyoxometalate ...route.•Components and structure of polyoxometalates modulated the morphology of the active phase.•Sulfidation behavior of polyoxometalates was tracked by a multitechnique approach.•The new catalyst shows enhanced performance compared with the industrial NiMo catalyst.
Highly active hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts have been prepared successfully through a molecular approach using well-defined Strandberg PMoNi polyoxometalates (POMs) as superior precursors. The hand-picked POMs significantly facilitated not only the formation of highly dispersed NiMo species but also the formation of abundant and accessible NiMoS active sites at lower sulfidation temperatures, thereby resulting in a remarkable activity improvement in comparison with reference catalysts prepared with conventional precursors. Characterization results revealed the multidirecting effects of the POMs component and structure on the morphology and composition of the species in the NiMoS active phase and the evolution of precursors during the catalyst preparation simultaneously. The bottom-up POMs-based preparation methodology provides a better understanding of HDS catalyst structure and performance, thus further shedding light on the rational design and controllable fabrication of efficient HDS catalysts.
Background: Manifold data have demonstrated that the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy improved progression-free survival (PFS), while few trials have revealed its significant overall survival ...(OS) benefit. Furthermore, it still remains suspended how to maximize the benefits of bevacizumab as first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. We sought to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the benefits of bevacizumab with chemotherapy and to identify the ideal chemotherapy partner of bevacizumab in the first-line setting for HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients. Methods: Computerized and manual searches were performed to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone or bevacizumab with different chemotherapy regimens as first-line therapy for HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer patients. Risk ratios or odds ratios with their 95% CIs were used to estimate the association between multiple combinations of bevacizumab with chemotherapy and various clinical outcomes. Results: With 7 trials identified, this analysis included 3,984 eligible patients. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement in PFS (P=0.019) and objective response rate (ORR; P<0.001) rather than in OS (P=0.783) when compared with chemotherapy alone. The greater benefits in PFS and ORR were achieved from bevacizumab plus taxane-based regimens compared with bevacizumab plus capecitabine-based regimens, while bevacizumab plus capecitabine had comparable OS with bevacizumab plus paclitaxel. Additionally, bevacizumab-based triplet therapy failed to improve the clinical outcomes when compared with doublet therapy. Conclusion: This meta-analysis reveals that the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy yielded PFS and ORR benefits in HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Additional studies are still prompted to further optimize the first-line treatment of bevacizumab. Keywords: breast cancer, bevacizumab, first-line, HER2-negative, meta-analysis
Manifold data have demonstrated that the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy improved progression-free survival (PFS), while few trials have revealed its significant overall survival (OS) ...benefit. Furthermore, it still remains suspended how to maximize the benefits of bevacizumab as first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. We sought to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the benefits of bevacizumab with chemotherapy and to identify the ideal chemotherapy partner of bevacizumab in the first-line setting for HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients.
Computerized and manual searches were performed to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone or bevacizumab with different chemotherapy regimens as first-line therapy for HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer patients. Risk ratios or odds ratios with their 95% CIs were used to estimate the association between multiple combinations of bevacizumab with chemotherapy and various clinical outcomes.
With 7 trials identified, this analysis included 3,984 eligible patients. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement in PFS (
=0.019) and objective response rate (ORR;
<0.001) rather than in OS (
=0.783) when compared with chemotherapy alone. The greater benefits in PFS and ORR were achieved from bevacizumab plus taxane-based regimens compared with bevacizumab plus capecitabine-based regimens, while bevacizumab plus capecitabine had comparable OS with bevacizumab plus paclitaxel. Additionally, bevacizumab-based triplet therapy failed to improve the clinical outcomes when compared with doublet therapy.
This meta-analysis reveals that the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy yielded PFS and ORR benefits in HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Additional studies are still prompted to further optimize the first-line treatment of bevacizumab.
研究了冷敏感植物甜玉米和番茄在生长临界温度锻炼下抗冷性的提高以及某些生理指标的适应性变化。结果表明，番茄幼苗经12℃锻炼7d，甜玉米种苗经11℃锻炼8d或15d后，番茄幼苗和甜玉米种苗对2℃低温胁迫的抗性明显提高。经过低温锻炼的番茄幼苗和甜玉米种苗脯氨酸含量较常温下（26℃／21℃）生长的显著增加。电镜细胞化学观察结果表明，甜玉米种苗经11℃8d锻炼后，其质膜Ca. ...＋-ATPase在2℃冷胁迫后仍保持高活性，甚至有某些提高。而未经锻炼的种苗在同样低温处理后，质膜Ca. ＋-ATPase活性丧失，遭受冷害。本研究结果揭示和证实，喜温植物，无论是单子叶植物玉米，还是双子叶番茄，用其生长临界温度进行低温锻炼是适宜的，能有效地提高冷敏感植物的抗冷能力。
Many important cultivated plants, such as tomato, tobacco and maize, have a limited capacity to survive temperatures below freezing, these crops are chilling-sensitive plants which can be killed at temperatures below 10 - 12℃.In contrast, leaves of plants such as cabbage, lettuce, and spinach can develop tolerance to below-freezing temperatures in response to low but above freezing temperatures （2 - 4℃ ）, these plants are chilling-insensitive or chilling-resistant plants.It was considered that chilling-sensitive plants can not increase in freezing or chilling tolerance upon exposure to low nonfreezing temperature, a phenomenon known as cold acclimation. This is because researchers acclim
Nonlinear acoustic coefficients have a close relationship with structural cracks. A nonlinear ultrasonic modulation method for micro-crack quantitative evaluation is developed. The influence of phase ...threshold on the crack evaluation is discussed. Ultrasonic modulation using a unilateral incentive model is applied to the quantitative evaluation of micro-cracks for different specimens. The experimental results indicate that the method can be beneficially applied for micro-cracks detection. A proper phase threshold can improve the reliability of the method based on nonlinear ultrasonic modulation. The presented modulation factor can be used to quantitatively evaluate the structural cracks, and it is suitable for small-crack quantitative evaluation.
The experimental study of ultrasonic transmission coefficient measurement method was carried out for the problem of bonding quality inspection of bonded structures of composites with thick adhesive ...layer. For the uniaxial CFRP bonded specimens, the ultrasonic waves’ phase velocity distribution and the ultrasonic transmission coefficient spectrums were measured by the water-immersion ultrasonic transmission method. Then their complex elastic constants were inversed by the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on simulated annealing. Based on this, CFRP bonded specimens in perfect bonding status and having single weak bonding interface, dual weak bonding interfaces were manufactured. Then the ultrasonic transmission coefficient spectrums were measured, and the distinction of bonding quality between different bonding specimens was predicted. At the same time, according to the shift characteristics of the measured ultrasonic transmission coefficient spectra, the influence of the symmetry of the CFRP bonded structures with thick adhesive layers on the ultrasonic transmission coefficient spectrums was investigated experimentally. In addition, by comparing the time-domain and coefficient spectra characteristics of transmitted waves, the advantage of using the coefficient spectrum measurement method in bonding quality detection was expounded.
Using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, fluxes of H⁺, Na⁺, and Cl⁻ were investigated in roots and derived protoplasts of salt-tolerant Populus euphratica and salt-sensitive Populus ...popularis 35-44 (P. popularis). Compared to P. popularis, P. euphratica roots exhibited a higher capacity to extrude Na⁺ after a short-term exposure to 50 mM NaCl (24 h) and a long term in a saline environment of 100 mM NaCl (15 d). Root protoplasts, isolated from the long-term-stressed P. euphratica roots, had an enhanced Na⁺ efflux and a correspondingly increased H⁺ influx, especially at an acidic pH of 5.5. However, the NaCl-induced Na⁺/H⁺ exchange in root tissues and cells was inhibited by amiloride (a Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter inhibitor) or sodium orthovanadate (a plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase inhibitor). These results indicate that the Na⁺ extrusion in stressed P. euphratica roots is the result of an active Na⁺/H⁺ antiport across the plasma membrane. In comparison, the Na⁺/H⁺ antiport system in salt-stressed P. popularis roots was insufficient to exclude Na⁺ at both the tissue and cellular levels. Moreover, salt-treated P. euphratica roots retained a higher capacity for Cl⁻ exclusion than P. popularis, especially during a long term in high salinity. The pattern of NaCl-induced fluxes of H⁺, Na⁺, and Cl⁻ differs from that caused by isomotic mannitol in P. euphratica roots, suggesting that NaCl-induced alternations of root ion fluxes are mainly the result of ion-specific effects.
Quantitative characterization of tensile stress in electroplated nickel coatings on the copper substrate with the thickness range of 2.809 µm to 35.654 µm in the elastic stage was experimentally ...performed with a magnetic incremental permeability (MIP) sensor in the study. Firstly, a differential mutual-inductance sensor based on the parallel excitation of bifilar co-directional coil was proposed. With the proposed sensor, multiple signals including high-frequency eddy current (HFEC), tangential magnetic field strength, and magnetic incremental permeability butterfly curve (MIPBC) could be measured synchronously and eight typical magnetic parameters were obtained from experimental signals. Then, four parameters including the peak height of MIPBC, amplitude at cross point of MIPBC, difference frequency of HFEC, and sum frequency component of HFEC were selected to quantitatively characterize tensile stress. Experimental results showed that the four parameters depended on tensile stress and showed a parabolic trend. The parameters of the parabolic equation varied with nickel coating thickness. Finally, a polynomial surface fitting method based on the combination of the factors of thickness and tensile stress were derived with the selected four parameters and the coefficient of determination R2 was higher than 0.9. The further comparison between theoretical results and predicted stress confirmed that the proposed MIP sensor could realize the quantitative detection of tensile stress in different nickel coatings.
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•A multi-functional MIP sensor, with the ability of several magnetic signal measurement, was developed.•The multi-functional MIP sensor not only suppresses mutual inductance signals, but also provides compact structure.•MIP sensor accurately predicts tensile stress in electroplated nickel specimen, accounting for variations in specimen thickness.
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