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•Enamel remineralization induced by SN15-PAMAM and adhesive containing NACP in a cyclic solution treatment for the first time.•The novel SN15-PAMAM could bond to HA stronger than ...PAMAM-NH2, and the NACP adhesive released high levels of Ca and P ions.•The novel SN15-PAMAM + NACP adhesive method could achieve 90% higher enamel remineralization of the artificial caries than the control.
The objective of this study was to investigate enamel remineralization using salivary statherin protein-inspired poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (SN15-PAMAM) and adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a cyclic artificial saliva/demineralizing solution for the first time.
The enamel shear bond strengths of NACP adhesives were measured compared to commercial adhesive (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3 M). Adhesive disks containing NACP were tested for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ions release. Four groups were tested: (1) enamel control, (2) enamel with NACP, (3) enamel with SN15-PAMAM, and (4) enamel with SN15-PAMAM + NACP. The specimens were treated with cyclic artificial saliva/demineralizing solution for 28 days. The remineralized enamel specimens were examined by surface and cross-sectional hardness test.
NACP adhesive yielded a similar shear bond strength to commercial control (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3 M). NACP adhesive released high levels of Ca and P ions. At 28 days, the enamel hardness of SN15-PAMAM + NACP group was 2.89 ± 0.13 GPa, significantly higher than that of control group (1.46 ± 0.10 GPa) (p < 0.05). SN15-PAMAM + NACP increased the enamel cross-sectional hardness at 28 days; at 25 μm, enamel cross-sectional hardness was 90 % higher than that of control group (p < 0.05).
The novel SN15-PAMAM + NACP adhesive method could achieve 90 % higher enamel remineralization of the artificial caries than the control under acid challenge for the first time. This method is promising for use after tooth cavity preparation, or as a coating on enamel with white spot lesions (WSLs) for prevention, to reduce secondary caries, prevent caries procession and protect tooth structures.
Abstract We report first-time reverberation-mapping results for 14 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the ongoing Monitoring AGNs with H β Asymmetry campaign (MAHA). These results utilize optical ...spectra obtained with the Long Slit Spectrograph on the Wyoming Infrared 2.3 m Telescope between 2017 November and 2023 May. MAHA combines long-duration monitoring with high cadence. We report results from multiple observing seasons for nine of the 14 objects. These results include H β time lags, supermassive black hole masses, and velocity-resolved time lags. The velocity-resolved lags allow us to investigate the kinematics of the broad-line region.
IntroductionInflammation of the central nervous system is increasingly regarded as having a role in cognitive disorders such as dementia and depression, but it is not clear how such inflammation ...relates to other aspects of neuropathology, structural and functional changes in the brain and symptoms (as assessed via clinical and neuropsychological assessment and MRI). This study will explore these pathophysiological mechanisms using positron emission tomography (PET) which allows in vivo imaging of inflammation, amyloid and τ deposition, together with neuropsychological profiling, MRI and peripheral biomarker analysis.Methods and analysisUsing PET imaging of the ligand 11CPK11195, we will test for increased neuroinflammation in vivo in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, late-onset depression and mild cognitive impairment, when compared to healthy controls. We will assess whether areas of inflammatory change are associated with amyloid and τ deposition (assessed using 11C-labelled Pittsburgh Compound B (11CPiB) and 18F-labelled AV-1451, respectively), as well as structural and connectivity markers found on MRI. Inflammatory biomarker analysis and immune-phenotyping of peripheral blood monocytes will determine the correlation between central inflammation and peripheral inflammation. Finally, we will examine whether central inflammatory markers seen on PET imaging are associated with global and domain specific cognitive impairments or predict cognitive decline over 12 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee, East of England—Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee (reference: 13/EE/0104). The study is also Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee (ARSAC) approved as part of this process. Data will be disseminated by presentation at national and international conferences and by publication, predominantly in journals of clinical neuroscience, neurology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Background: Higher incidence and mortality rates of liver, lung, anal, and head and neck cancers are typically seen in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, some ...previous studies have a decreased risk of prostate cancer in HIV+ patients, particularly in men from sexual minorities, with no clear biological or epidemiological explanation. Methods: To identify the specific transcriptomic changes and genetic pathways associated with HIV infection and prostate cancer emergence, we performed bulk RNA-Seq analysis on 18 prostate cancer samples (9 HIV+ and 9 HIV-). We first used kallisto to measure gene-level expression. We then performed principal component analysis (PCA) to determine if HIV status clearly clustered patients based on their gene expression levels. We subsequently used DESeq2 to perform differentially expressed transcriptomic analysis to identify genes that are associated with HIV and prostate cancer phenotypes. Samples were clustered based on expression levels of the top differentially expressed genes across the HIV+ and HIV- phenotypes. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed on the gene signatures from the two phenotypes. Using an existing single cell RNA-Seq prostate cancer dataset, we deconvoluted the 18 samples with CIBERSORT to approximate the cell type composition. Results: PCA highlighted no major separation between samples based on HIV status. We identified 450 significantly upregulated genes in HIV+ patients, including YAP1, MAT2A, KLF4, and ERF. We identified 409 upregulated genes in HIV- patients, including MICA, AQP2, and KRT6C. Upregulated genes found in HIV+ patients were significantly enriched in multiple immune response pathways, which is consistent with previous sequencing studies focused on HIV status. After cell type composition estimation, we found the samples to be similar in their cell type distributions - stromal and tumor cells were the largest populations, while immune cells were not well represented. Conclusions: We identified transcriptomic differences that need future studies that directly interrogate the biological pathways that affect the incidence of prostate cancer in patients living with HIV.
Citation Format: Hanbing Song, Michelle Li, Jon Akutagawa, Franklin Huang. Transcriptomic analysis of prostate cancer patients living with HIV abstract. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C041.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is an aggressive and rare subtype of B-cell lymphoma. Patients typically present with advanced clinical stage disease and ...do not respond to conventional chemotherapy; the median overall survival is 1.8 years. The genetic landscape of this entity remains poorly understood. Here we report a unique case of ALK+ LBCL harbouring a rare
fusion. Targeted next-generation sequencing showed no significant single nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, or other structural variants beyond the
fusion; deep deletions of
,
, and the
locus were also detected. Our case report draws attention to this rare disease, highlights a need for larger genetic profiling studies, and focuses on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of this aggressive disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a
fusion in ALK+ LBCL.
Abstract Introduction Quick-setting calcium aluminosilicate cement with improved washout resistance is a potential substitute for calcium silicate cements in endodontics. This study examined the ...effect of an experimental calcium aluminosilicate cement (Quick-Set; Primus Consulting, Bradenton, FL) on the viability of odontoblast-like cells. Methods The biocompatibility of Quick-Set and white ProRoot MTA (WMTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) cements and their eluents was evaluated using a murine dental papilla–derived odontoblast-like cell line (MDPC-23); 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to examine the effects of the 2 hydraulic cements on mitochondrial metabolic activity. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to identify the effects of the 2 cements on cell death–induced plasma membrane permeability to fluorescent dyes and DNA stains. Results After the first week of immersion in culture medium, Quick-Set and WMTA were more cytotoxic than the Teflon-negative control ( P < .05), and the cells exhibited more apoptosis/necrosis than Teflon ( P < .05). After the second week of immersion, the 2 cements were as biocompatible as Teflon ( P > .05), with cells exhibiting minimal apoptosis/necrosis. Eluents from the set cements at 1:1 dilution were significantly more cytotoxic that eluents at 1:10 or 1:100 dilution ( P < .05). Conclusions Quick-Set and WMTA exhibited similar cytotoxicity profiles. They possess negligible in vitro toxicologic risks after time-dependent elution of toxic components.
Abstract Objectives The effects of different EndoActivator® (EA) sonic activation protocols on root canal debridement efficacy were examined. Methods Root canals in 48 single-rooted teeth were ...instrumented, irrigated initially with NaOCl and divided into 6 groups ( N = 8) based on the application time of QMix (antimicrobial calcium-chelating irrigant), and the time and sequence of EA irrigant activation – Positive Control: 90 s QMix; Negative Control: 90 s saline; Group 1A: 15 s QMix + 15 s QMix with EA-activation; Group 1B: 30 s QMix + 30 s of QMix with EA-activation; Group 2A : 15 s QMix with EA-activation + 15 s QMix; Group 2B: 30 s QMix with EA-activation + 30 s QMix. Split roots were examined with scanning electron microscopy for assignment of smear and debris scores in locations along the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the canals. The overall cleanliness of pooled canal locations in the Positive Control and the 4 experimental groups were compared with chi-square tests. Results Significant differences were detected among the 5 groups ( P < 0.001). Post hoc pairwise comparisons indicated that the overall canal cleanliness was in the order (from best to worst): 1B = 2B > 2A > 1A > Positive Control. Completely clean canals could not be achieved due to the absence of continuous irrigant flow for EA to clear intraradicular debris. Conclusions Irrespective of the sonic activation sequence, irrigant activation for 30 s during a 60-s period of QMix application appears to maximise the smear layer and debris removal potential of the EndoActivator® system. Clinical significance Sonic activation of root canal irrigants produces cleaner root canals and reduces the time required for final delivery of a canal wall smear later-removing irrigant when compared to the use of needle irrigation alone.
Traditional bone regeneration strategies relied on supplementation of biomaterials constructs with stem or progenitor cells or growth factors. By contrast, cell homing strategies employ chemokines to ...mobilize stem or progenitor cells from host bone marrow and tissue niches to injured sites. Although silica‐based biomaterials exhibit osteogenic and angiogenic potentials, they lack cell homing capability. Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) plays a pivotal role in mobilization and homing of stem cells to injured tissues. In this work, we demonstrated that 3‐dimensional collagen scaffolds infiltrated with intrafibrillar silica are biodegradable and highly biocompatible. They exhibit improved compressive stress‐strain responses and toughness over nonsilicified collagen scaffolds. They are osteoconductive and up‐regulate expressions of osteogenesis‐ and angiogenesis‐related genes more significantly than nonsilicified collagen scaffolds. In addition, these scaffolds reversibly bind SDF‐1α for sustained release of this chemokine, which exhibits in vitro cell homing characteristics. When implanted subcutaneously in an in vivo mouse model, SDF‐1α‐loaded silicified collagen scaffolds stimulate the formation of ectopic bone and blood capillaries within the scaffold and abrogate the need for cell seeding or supplementation of osteogenic and angiogenic growth factors. Intrafibrillar‐silicified collagen scaffolds with sustained SDF‐1α release represent a less costly and complex alternative to contemporary cell seeding approaches and provide new therapeutic options for in situ hard tissue regeneration.—Niu, L.‐N., Jiao, K., Qi, Y.‐P., Nikonov, S., Yiu, C. K. Y., Arola, D. D., Gong, S.‐Q., El‐Marakby, A., Carrilho, M. R. O., Hamrick, M. W., Hargreaves, K. M., Diogenes, A., Chen, J.‐H., Pashley, D. H., Tay, F. R. Intrafibrillar silicification of collagen scaffolds for sustained release of stem cell homing chemokine in hard tissue regeneration. FASEB J. 26, 4517–4529 (2012). www.fasebj.org
Buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link is an invasive C4 perennial bunchgrass that is a threat to biodiversity in aridlands in the Americas and Australia. Topography influences P. ciliare ...occurrence at large spatial scales, but further investigation into the relationship between local-scale topography and P. ciliare growth and reproduction would be beneficial. Further, density-dependent effects on P. ciliare growth and reproduction have been demonstrated in greenhouse experiments, but the extent to which density dependence influences P. ciliare in natural populations warrants further investigation. Here we present a study on the relationships between local-scale topography (aspect and slope gradient) and vegetation characteristics (shrub cover, P. ciliare cover, and P. ciliare density) and their interactions on individual P. ciliare plant size and reproduction. We measured slope gradient, aspect, shrub cover, P. ciliare cover, P. ciliare density, and the total number of live culms and reproductive culms of 10 P. ciliare plants in 33 4 by 4 m plots located in 11 transects at the Desert Laboratory at Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, AZ, USA. We modeled the relationships at the local scale of (1) P. ciliare cover and density with aspect and slope gradient and (2) P. ciliare size and reproduction with abiotic (slope gradient and aspect) and biotic (P. ciliare cover and density and native shrub and cacti cover) characteristics. Aspect and slope gradient were poor predictors of P. ciliare cover and density in already invaded sites at the scale of our plots. However, aspect had a significant relationship with P. ciliare plant size and reproduction. Pennisetum ciliare plants on south-facing aspects were larger and produced more reproductive culms than plants on other aspects. Further, we found no relationship between P. ciliare density and P. ciliare plant size and reproduction. Shrub cover was positively correlated with P. ciliare reproduction. South-facing aspects are likely most vulnerable to fast spread and infilling by new P. ciliare introductions.
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