► We compared performance and microbial communities at different SRTs in the A/O-MBR. ►
Betaproteobacteria and
Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant species. ► SRT gave a significant influence on the ...nitrifying bacteria gene contents. ► Sulfa antibiotics resistance gene present a decreasing tendency with SRT decreasing. ► Longer SRT was the suitable operational condition for antibiotics removal.
The effect of solids retention time on reactor performance and microbial community composition in anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactors (A/O-MBR) were investigated in this study. Experimental results showed high removal efficiencies of conventional pollutants. Antibiotics removal efficiencies were obviously affected by SRT changes. Longer SRT (above 30
days) was proved to be suitable operational condition for antibiotics removal. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis revealed that bacteria belong to
Betaproteobacteria and
Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant species during wastewater treatment and antibiotics removal. SRT significantly influenced the relative numbers of nitrifying bacteria. Removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) decreased when SRT was 3
days, because nitrogen loading exceeded the denitrification ability of the reactors. Unlike
tet C and
tet E genes, sulfa antibiotics resistance gene presented a decreasing tendency with the decrease of SRT, and finally affected sulfa antibiotics removal efficiencies.
Quartz sand (SiO2) is a prevalent filtration medium, boasting wide accessibility, superior stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, its utility is often curtailed by its sleek surface, limited ...active sites, and swift saturation of adsorption sites. This review outlines the prevalent strategies and agents for quartz sand surface modification and provides a comprehensive analysis of the various modification reagents and their operative mechanisms. It delves into the mechanism and utility of surface-modified quartz sand for adsorbing heavy metal ions (HMIs). It is found that the reported modifiers usually form connections with the surface of quartz sand through electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces, pore filling, chemical bonding, and/or molecular entanglement. The literature suggests that these modifications effectively address issues inherent to natural quartz sand, such as its low superficial coarseness, rapid adsorption site saturation, and limited adsorption capacity. Regrettably, comprehensive investigations into the particle size, regenerative capabilities, and application costs of surface-modified quartz sand and the critical factors for its wider adoption are lacking in most reports. The adsorption mechanisms indicate that surface-modified quartz sand primarily removes HMIs from aqueous solutions through surface complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic and gravitational forces. However, these findings were derived under controlled laboratory conditions, and practical applications for treating real wastewater necessitate overcoming further laboratory-scale obstacles. Finally, this review outlines the limitations of partially surface modified quartz sand and suggests potential venues for future developments, providing a valuable reference for the advancement of cost-effective, HMI-absorbing, surface-modified quartz sand filter media.
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•The methods and reagents for surface modification of quartz sand are reviewed, and the modification mechanism is analyzed.•The mechanism and application of surface modified quartz sand for HMI adsorption are reviewed.•The limitations of surface-modified quartz sand are analyzed, and the prospect of its development is presented.
•V. natans can survive for at least two weeks under excess nutrients loading.•Excess nutrients caused damage to leaf cells and stimulated epiphytic biofilm growth.•Metazotes are the most dominant ...eukaryotes in wetlands.•Species replacements and species losses contributed equally to β-diversity in wetland ecosystem.•The highest microbial interactions were detected in epiphytic biofilm in wetlands.
Submerged macrophytes-biofilm symbionts are sensitive to water pollution and can be possibly used as the bio-indicators of aquatic ecosystems. However, the physiological responses of submersed macrophyte and microbial community to environmental pollution remain unclear. In this study, impacts of three kinds of treated or without treated sewage (JP, EP and CP) on Vallisnerian natans and microbial community were investigated. Compared with control, chlorophyll(a), carbohydrates and relative electrical conductivity (REC) in V. natans leaves and dissolved oxygen in overlaying water decreased in three treatments within 21 days. Microbial α-diversity values in three media were in sequence: surface sediments > epiphytic biofilm > overlying water. Cluster analyses showed that microbial community were more similar to each other within the same media regardless of nutrients. The species losses and replacements almost contributed equally to β-diversity among three media, suggesting these organisms can be potential microbial indicators. Several typical bacterioplankton Actinobacteria, Flavobacteriia, zooplankton Arthropoda and algae Cryptomonadales were dominant in water samples, while Firmicutes and Chloroflexi as well as protozoa Rhizaria and Amoebozoa had higher abundances in surface sediments than other two media. Genera conferring to biofilm formation or pollutant removal (Cellvibrio, Chitinophaga, Ohtaekwangia and Uliginosibacterium) were detected in epiphytic biofilm. Network analysis results showed that there were more complex interactions among microbes in epiphytic biofilm than overlying water and surface sediment. Our results highlighted that REC can be a good stress indicator of submersed macrophyte, while nutrients level and spatial variations caused differences in microbial community might be used as microbial indicators of water quality in submersed macrophyte-dominated water column. These data will provide useful information for the best management practice to protect aquatic ecosystems.
Shadow has been increasingly a kind of significant aid information for object extraction and scene interpretation in synthetic aperture radar images, which makes SAR shadow detection an important ...issue. In this paper, we propose a feed‐forward framework integrating saliency and geometry discrimination for shadow detection in SAR images. We firstly develop a global contrast based shadow saliency model to extract suspected shadows. Considering that such suspected regions mostly contain some non‐shadow areas, a discrimination strategy based on geometric relationships between objects and shadows is designed to remove falsely detected areas. Then the remaining regions become the final shadow detection results. Several experiments are carried out on images from two real datasets, Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition Recognition and MiniSAR, to evaluate the performance of our method. From the perspectives of three commonly used metrics, the proposed algorithm comprehensively outperforms two other classic methods, presenting reliable shadow detection ability. Moreover, the detection results of the two classic methods are significantly enhanced in controlling false alarms after the discrimination module is introduced. The results demonstrate that our algorithm is practically applicable to shadow detection in SAR images, and the discrimination strategy can be flexibly extended for related tasks.
Five rare carboxyl-substituted phenylpropionic acid derivatives, plumeriapropionics A-E (
-
), together with one known analog, cerberic acid B (
), were isolated from flowers of
L. Their structures ...were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. To date, only one compound of this structural type has been reported. The inhibitory activities of compounds
-
against nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated in vitro using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Compounds
-
showed remarkable inhibitory activities on NO production, with IC
values in the range of 6.52 ± 0.23 to 35.68 ± 0.17 µM. These results indicate that the discovery of carboxyl-substituted phenylpropionic acid derivatives from the flowers of
, which show significant anti-inflammatory properties, could be of great importance for the research and development of novel natural anti-inflammatory agents.
Acetoin, a versatile platform chemical and popular food additive, poses a challenge to the biosafety strain Bacillus subtilis when produced in high concentrations due to its intrinsic toxicity. ...Incorporating the PHB synthesis pathway into Bacillus subtilis 168 has been shown to significantly enhance the strain's acetoin tolerance. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of B. subtilis 168-phaCBA to acetoin stress, employing transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Acetoin stress induces fatty acid degradation and disrupts amino acid synthesis. In response, B. subtilis 168-phaCBA down-regulates genes associated with flagellum assembly and bacterial chemotaxis, while up-regulating genes related to the ABC transport system encoding amino acid transport proteins. Notably, genes coding for cysteine and D-methionine transport proteins (tcyB, tcyC and metQ) and the biotin transporter protein bioY, are up-regulated, enhancing cellular tolerance. Our findings highlight that the expression of phaCBA significantly increases the ratio of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and modulates intracellular concentrations of amino acids, including L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-leucine, L-threonine, L-methionine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, D-phenylalanine, L-arginine, and membrane fatty acids, thereby imparting acetoin tolerance. Furthermore, the supplementation with specific exogenous amino acids (L-alanine, L-proline, L-cysteine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, and L-isoleucine) alleviates acetoin's detrimental effects on the bacterium. Simultaneously, the introduction of phaCBA into the acetoin-producing strain BS03 addressed the issue of insufficient intracellular cofactors in the fermentation strain, resulting in the successful production of 70.14 g/L of acetoin through fed-batch fermentation. This study enhances our understanding of Bacillus's cellular response to acetoin-induced stress and provides valuable insights for the development of acetoin-resistant Bacillus strains.
Objective
To explore the effectiveness of multidisciplinary intervention for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods
A total of 126 patients diagnosed with GDM from January 2020 to ...December 2021 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into the control group (conventional treatment) and the study group (adding multidisciplinary intervention). Glucose index, self‐management ability, psychological status, and delivery outcomes were evaluated.
Results
Fasting plasma glucose (4.32 ± 0.81 mmol/L), glycosylated hemoglobin (5.47 ± 1.09%), and postprandial blood glucose (6.02 ± 1.47 mmol/L) after intervention in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05), as well as those before intervention (p < 0.05). The score of GDM knowledge (38.03 ± 2.76), self‐management (38.93 ± 2.32), social support (17.84 ± 1.23), and belief (17.93 ± 1.09) were all significantly higher than those of control group (p < 0.05), as well as those before intervention (p < 0.05). Besides, anxiety (7.83 ± 1.59) and depression (10.29 ± 1.82) evaluation scores showed that emotional relief were significantly achieved after intervention in study group compared with control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean delivery, premature delivery, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia was also significantly improved after intervention in study group compared with control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Multidisciplinary intervention can effectively control blood glucose levels, adjust self‐management behavior, relieve psychological disorder, reduce complications, and improve delivery outcomes of GDM patients.
Low C/N wastewater results from a wide range of factors that significantly harm the environment. They include insufficient carbon sources, low denitrification efficiency, and NH4+-N concentrations in ...low C/N wastewater that are too high to be treated. In this research, the membrane biofilm reactor and hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBR-MBfR) were optimized and regulated under different operating parameters: the simulated domestic sewage with low C/N was domesticated and the domestic sewage was then denitrified. The results of the MBR-MBfR experiments indicated that a C/N ratio of two was suitable for NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in partial nitrification-denitrification (PN-D) and hydrogen autotrophic denitrification for further treatment. The steady state for domestic wastewater was reached when the MBR-MBfR in the experimental conditions of HRT = 15 h, SRT = 20 d, 0.04 Mpa for H
pressure in MBfR, 0.4-0.8 mg/L DO in MBR, MLSS = 2500 mg/L(MBR) and 2800 mg/L(MBfR), and effluent concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and NO2--N were 4.3 ± 0.5, 1.95 ± 0.04, and 2.05 ± 0.15 mg/L, respectively. High-throughput sequencing results revealed the following: (1) The genus
as the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and
as potential denitrifiers were simultaneously enriched in the MBR; (2) at the genus level,
, and
played a dominant role in leading to NO3--N and NO2--N removal in the MBfR.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Currently, many genetic methods are available for mapping chemical connectivity, but analogous methods for electrical synapses are lacking. Here, we present pupylation-based interaction labeling ...(PUPIL), a genetically encoded system for noninvasively mapping and stamping transient electrical synapses in the mouse brain. Upon fusion of connexin 26 (CX26) with the ligase PafA, pupylation yields tag puncta following conjugation of its substrate, a biotin- or fluorescent-protein-tagged PupE, to the neighboring proteins of electrical synapses containing CX26-PafA. Tag puncta are validated to correlate well with functional electrical synapses in immature neurons. Furthermore, puncta are retained in mature neurons when electrical synapses mostly disappear—suggesting successful stamping. We use PUPIL to uncover spatial subcellular localizations of electrical synapses and approach their physiological functions during development. Thus, PUPIL is a powerful tool for probing electrical connectivity patterns in complex nervous systems and has great potential for transient receptors and ion channels as well.
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•Application of a genetically encoded pupylation system for proximity labeling•PUPIL reveals subcellular localization of CX26-containing gap junctions•Proximity labeling stamps neonatal CX26-containing gap junctions in adult neurons•PUPIL is a useful tool for imaging of gap junctions in living nervous tissues
Xie et al. apply a bacterial pupylation system to proximity label electrical and chemical synapses in the mouse cortex by fusing the ligase PafA with CX26/36 and with gephyrin, respectively. Proximity labeling enables stamping of transient electrical synapses, demonstrating utility for decoding physiological functions in the developing nervous system.
The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is a novel wastewater treatment technology, garnering attention due to its high gas utilization rate and effective pollutant removal capability. This paper ...outlines the working mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages of MBfR, and the denitrification pathways, assessing the efficacy of MBfR in removing oxidized pollutants (sulfate (SO
), perchlorate (ClO
)), heavy metal ions (chromates (Cr(VI)), selenates (Se(VI))), and organic pollutants (tetracycline (TC), p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB)), and delves into the role of related microorganisms. Specifically, through the addition of nitrates (NO
), this paper analyzes its impact on the removal efficiency of other pollutants and explores the changes in microbial communities. The results of the study show that NO
inhibits the removal of other pollutants (oxidizing pollutants, heavy metal ions and organic pollutants), etc., in the simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants by MBfR.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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