We report an efficient oxidative radical desulfur-fragmentation and reconstruction of enol triflates for the synthesis of alpha-CF3 ketones. Preliminary mechanistic studies disclosed that oxidative ...fragmentation to release a CF3 radical from the triflyl group of enol triflate and subsequent addition of the CF3 radical to another enol triflate form the desired alpha-CF3 ketones. This method provides a new approach to alpha-CF3 ketones, featuring the utilization of catalytic amount of oxidants, broad substrate scope, and potential to control the regioselectivity.
One novel sesquiterpene lactone, sonchifoliactone A1 (
1
), along with one known compound, sonchifoliactone A (
2
), were isolated from the water extract of the whole plant of
Ixeris sonchifolia
...Hance. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques including HR-MS and 2D NMR.
A new anticancer ligustrazine derivative, 3β-hydroxyolea-12-en-28-oic acid-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-methyl ester (T-OA, C38H58O3N2), was previously reported. It was synthesized via conjugating the ...effective antitumor ingredients of a
classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation. In the present study, anticancer efficacy of T-OA was evaluated in vivo using a murine sarcoma S180 model. Reduction of the tumor weight and tumor HE staining regions demonstrated that T-OA had promising inhibition effects and
a 50% inhibitory rate in S180 mice. Combining the immunohistochemistry, we found T-OA exerted its antitumor activity by preventing the expression of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB/p65 and COX-2 in S180 mice. The acute toxic test showed that LD50 value of T-OA exceeded
6.0 g/kg via gavage in mice. In addition, a simple and rapid HPLC-UV method was developed and validated to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the compound. After single-dose oral administration, time to reach peak concentration of T-OA (3.97 μg/mL) was 8.33 h; the elimination
half-life and area under the concentration-time curve from t = 0 to the last time of T-OA was 4.50 h and 48.01 μg · h/mL, respectively.
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is widely applied in modern industries. However, IIoT faces challenges in system modeling and cyber security. Distributed data isolation influences the time ...series data modeling, while frequent communications over IIoT leave vulnerabilities to cyber attacks. To ensure proper IIoT operations, we propose a federated temporal learning (FTL) mechanism to extract temporal features for cyber attack detection. We build local FTL models to accurately extract local time series features on edge devices. We collaboratively construct the global FTL model to solve the distributed heterogeneity at edges to further improve cyber attack detection. Moreover, we build a testing platform and emulate realistic cyber attacks towards IIoT. The proposed FTL detects seven types of cyber attacks more effectively compared with traditional models, in terms of comprehensive evaluation metrics. Thus, FTL is a promising IIoT security solution for distributed industrial systems.
In wastewater treatment process (WWTP), data-based implement techniques ensure the stable operation and reduce energy consumption. Different missing patterns of missing values often occur due to some ...harsh environments and sensor failures. However, existing imputation methods are difficult to obtain satisfactory data for implementation techniques as they only consider a single missing pattern. To solve this problem, a missing-pattern-aware-based multi-model imputation method (MPAMI) is proposed. First, a missing pattern aware network combining the advantages of the encoder and the axial attention mechanism is designed to identify different missing patterns. The network employs the encoder to extract nonlinear feature representations and utilizes the axial attention mechanism to focus on the most informative differential features. Second, a hybrid multi-model imputation method based on the long short-term memory network and the denoising autoencoder is developed to recover missing values. The imputation method utilizes the spatiotemporal information of missing patterns to improve imputation performance. Finally, experiments are conducted on a real WWTP dataset to validate the imputation performance of the proposed MPAMI.
Distributed modeling and monitoring are commonly used in modern industries. Because of the ever-growing demands for energy conservation and carbon dioxide emission reduction, attempts have been made ...to improve the energy efficiency of distributed systems. Here, we propose a hierarchical democratized learning framework to optimize distributed computation and communication consumptions. First, we split edge devices into logical learning groups which cooperate with the regional task-related server. Then, each learning group performs hierarchical learning through the generalization and specialization procedures. Through hierarchical clustering, the computation tasks cooperate in a more efficient way with reduced communication requirements at the same time. We conducted experiments on the widely used datasets, FMNIST and CIFAR-10, demonstrating lower computation and communication costs of hierarchical democratic modeling compared with existing federated analytics models.
The aims of the present study were to determine the effect of rearing environment on the productivity and physiological indicator during the nursery phase of pigs. 14 litters of commercial crossbred ...pigs (Large White×Landrace) Weaned at 35 days of age were reared in their original pen with the weaker eliminated. 7 flatdecks (F) and 7 straw enriched pens (S) were modified from the farrowing pen. Feed Intake (FI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was collected and 2 male and 2 female per litter were randomly selected to measure cortisol, Growth Hormone (GH) and IgG at the end of the experimental period (70 days of age). Results showed that, for piglets in S, FI of was significantly lower (p＜0.05) from 50 days of age and ADWG from 43 to 70 days of age was significantly lower (p＜0.001), though GH was significantly higher (p＜0.01). But there was no difference in FCR, cortisol and IgG between environments. In conclusion, piglets in S had a higher GH, but poor productivity because of unsuitable feed changing and nursery environment had no effect on cortisol and IgG.
The aim of the present study was to study the effects of straw enriched environment on behaviors of nursery piglets reared in the farrowing pens. Fourteen litters (Large White x Landrace) weaned at ...35 days of age were reared in the modified farrowing pens, flatdecks (F) or straw enriched pens (P), until 70 days of age. The behavior was observed from 7 to 10 weeks of age. Results showed that straw enriched pens significantly increased walking, total exploring and active behavior, reduced lying and exploring behavior direct to pen, but not that direct to penmates. Meanwhile, in wk8-wk10, the number of fighting piglets in P was significantly more than that in F. With increasing age, piglets exploring in total or direct to pen, and active piglets decreased gradually in F. In P, piglets exploring in total or that direct to straw decreased, and reached a trough in wk9, then rose up. Lying piglets in F increased with age while that in P increased only at 9 or 10 weeks of age. Walking piglets decreased significantly with age in both environments. The number of fighting piglets in F was a maximum in wk7 while it in P was fewer in wk7 or wk8. Furthermore, the activity of piglets in F was at peak during 08:00-10:00 hr and reached a trough during 11:00-13:00 hr. In P, refreshed straw kept piglets at a more active state during morning, shortened the activities trough at noon, and showed high activity in the afternoon. In conclusion, present straw enriched pen can prevent fighting, increase total exploring, reduce exploring direct to pen, and even affect the rhythm of behavior. It is applicable for improving welfare of nursery piglets.
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