Larval settlement and metamorphosis is essential for the development of marine invertebrates. Although polysaccharides are involved in larval settlement and metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus, the ...molecular basis of polysaccharides underlying this progression remains largely unknown. Here, the roles of the polysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene 01912 of Pseudoalteromonas marina ECSMB14103 in the regulation of larval settlement and metamorphosis were examined by gene-knockout technique. Compared with biofilms (BFs) of the wild-type P. marina, Δ01912 BFs with a higher colanic acid (CA) content showed a higher inducing activity on larval settlement and metamorphosis. Deletion of the 01912 gene caused an increase in c-di-GMP levels, accompanied by a decrease in the motility, an increase in cell aggregation, and overproduction of CA. Thus, the bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene 01912 may regulate mussel settlement by producing CA via the coordination of c-di-GMP. This work provides a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of polysaccharides in modulating mussel settlement.
•Model. We have introduced the 4-level cold Rydberg atomic system with the moiré lattices.•Method. The stationary solutions of different types are obtained through the modified squared-operator ...iteration method.•The system’s bandgap spectrum was obtained, and LBs are produced in the form of GSs.•Stable LB families of the fundamental, dipole, quadruple, and vortex types are produced.•Stability regions were investigated by means of the anti-VK criterion and linear stability analysis.
Rydberg electromagnetically-induced transparency has been widely studied as a medium supporting light propagation under the action of nonlocal nonlinearities. Recently, optical potentials based on moiré lattices (MLs) were introduced for exploring unconventional physical states. Here, we predict a possibility of creating fully three-dimensional (3D) light bullets (LBs) in cold Rydberg gases under the action of ML potentials. The nonlinearity includes local self-defocusing and long-range focusing terms, the latter one induced by the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. We produce zero-vorticity LB families of the fundamental, dipole, and quadrupole types, as well as vortex LBs. They all are gap solitons populating finite bandgaps of the underlying ML spectrum. Stable subfamilies are identified utilizing the combination of the anti-Vakhitov-Kolokolov criterion, computation of eigenvalues for small perturbations, and direct simulations.
High-energy proton microbeam facilities are powerful tools in space science, biology and cancer therapy studies. The primary limitations of the 50 MeV proton microbeam system are the poor beam ...quality provided by the cyclotron and the problem of intense scattering in the slit position. Here, we present an optical design for a cyclotron-based 50 MeV high-energy proton microbeam system with a micron-sized resolution. The microbeam system, which has an Oxford triplet lens configuration, has relatively small spherical aberrations and is insensitive to changes in the beam divergence angle and momentum spread. In addition, the energy filtration included in the system can reduce the beam momentum spread from 1 to 0.02%. The effects of lens parasitic aberrations and the lens fringe field on the beam spot resolution are also discussed. In addition, owing to the severe scattering of 50 MeV protons in slit materials, a slit system model based on the Geant4 toolkit enables the quantitative analysis of scattered protons and secondary particles. For the slit system settings under a 10-micron final beam spot, very few scattered protons can enter the quadrupole lens system and affect the focusing performance of the microbeam system, but the secondary radiation of neutrons and gamma rays generated at the collimation system should be considered for the 50 MeV proton microbeam. These data demonstrate that a 50 MeV proton microbeam system with a micron-sized beam spot based on a cyclotron is feasible.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue dissipate metabolic energy and mediate nonshivering thermogenesis, thereby boosting energy expenditure. Increasing the browning of BAT and beige ...adipose tissue is expected to be a promising strategy for combatting obesity. Through phenotype screening of C3H10-T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, diphyllin was identified as a promising molecule in promoting brown adipocyte differentiation.
studies revealed that diphyllin promoted C3H10-T1/2 cell and primary brown/beige preadipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis, which resulted increased energy consumption. We synthesized the compound and evaluated its effect on metabolism
. Chronic experiments revealed that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with 100 mg/kg diphyllin had ameliorated oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight and fat content ratio. Adaptive thermogenesis in HFD-fed mice under cold stimulation and whole-body energy expenditure were augmented after chronic diphyllin treatment. Diphyllin may be involved in regulating the development of brown and beige adipocytes by inhibiting V-ATPase and reducing intracellular autophagy. This study provides new clues for the discovery of anti-obesity molecules from natural products.
The polysaccharides from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (BCPs) were obtained by optimal water extraction (extraction temperature 84 °C, liquid to solid ratio 42 mL/g and extraction ...time 100 min), the extraction yield of BCPs was 23.01±0.27 % (n=3). Furthermore, two novel polysaccharides (BCP‐A1 and BCP‐B1) were purified by column chromatography. The BCP‐A1 (6.0820×104 kDa) was composed of β‐D‐Manp‐(1→, β‐D‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐D‐Galp‐(1→ and →3,4)‐β‐D‐Galp‐(1→, and BCP‐B1 (2.2744×104 kDa) was composed of →5)‐α‐L‐Araf‐(1→, β‐D‐Manp‐(1→, β‐D‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐D‐Glcp, →4)‐α‐D‐Galp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐D‐GalpA‐(1→ and →3,4)‐β‐D‐Galp‐(1→. In anticomplementary experiments, BCP‐A1 (CH50: 0.009±0.003 mg/mL; AP50: 0.015±0.003 mg/mL) and BCP‐B1 (CH50: 0.004±0.001 mg/mL; AP50: 0.028±0.005 mg/mL) exhibited potent anticomplementary activity, and acted on C2‐, C4‐ and Factor B components. Our study provides a foundation for BCP‐A1 and BCP‐B1 as potential complement inhibitors to treat diseases involving with excessive activation of the complement system.
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) identifies Gram-negative bacteria or their products and plays a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens. In the intestine, TLR4 recognizes bacterial ...ligands and interacts with the immune system. Although TLR4 signaling is a vital component of the innate immune system, the influence of TLR4 overexpression on innate immune response and its impact on the composition of the intestinal microbiota is unknown.
Here, we obtained macrophages from sheep peripheral blood to examine phagocytosis and clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium (
) in macrophages. Meanwhile, we characterized the complex microbiota inhabiting the stools of TLR4 transgenic (TG) sheep and wild-type (WT) sheep using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) deep sequencing.
The results showed that TLR4 overexpression promoted the secretion of more early cytokines by activating downstream signaling pathways after stimulation by
. Furthermore, diversity analysis demonstrated TLR4 overexpression increased microbial community diversity and regulated the composition of intestinal microbiota. More importantly, TLR4 overexpression adjusted the gut microbiota composition and maintained intestinal health by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and inflammation and oxidative stress-producing bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae) and upregulating the abundance of Bacteroidetes population and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Prevotellaceae. These dominant bacterial genera changed by TLR4 overexpression revealed a close correlation with the metabolic pathways of TG sheep.
Taken together, our findings suggested that TLR4 overexpression can counteract
invasion as well as resist intestinal inflammation in sheep by regulating intestinal microbiota composition and enhancing anti-inflammatory metabolites.
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Three new chalcones, xanthoangelols K–M (1–3), together with 19 known compounds were isolated from the stems of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, a well-known rejuvenated and anti-diabetic ...plant originated from Japan. The structures of compounds 1–3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and Mosher’s method. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Among them, six chalcones, xanthoangelol K (1), xanthoangelol (4), xanthoangelol F (5), 4-hydroxyderricin (6), xanthoangelol D (7), xanthoangelol E (8), and a coumarin, methoxsalen (17), showed strong PTP1B inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 0.82, 1.97, 1.67, 2.47, 3.97, 1.43, and 2.53μg/mL, respectively. A kinetic study revealed that compound 1 inhibited PTP1B with characteristics typical of a competitive inhibitor. Molecular docking simulations elucidated that ring B of 1 may anchor in a pocket of PTP1B and the molecule is stabilized by hydrogen bonds with Arg47, Asp48, and π–π interaction with Phe182 of PTP1B.
Cardiac sympathetic denervation is found in various cardiac pathologies; however, its relationship with myocardial injury has not been thoroughly investigated.
Twenty-four rats were assigned to the ...normal control group (NC), sympathectomy control group (SC), and a sympathectomy plus mecobalamin group (SM). Sympathectomy was induced by injection of 6-OHDA, after which, the destruction and distribution of sympathetic and vagal nerve in the left ventricle (LV) myocardial tissue were determined by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Heart rate variability (HRV), ECG and echocardiography, and assays for myocardial enzymes in serum before and after sympathectomy were examined. Morphologic changes in the LV by HE staining and transmission electron microscope were used to estimate levels of myocardial injury and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were used to reflect the inflammatory reaction.
Injection of 6-OHDA decreased NE (933.1 ± 179 ng/L for SC vs. 3418.1± 443.6 ng/L for NC, P < 0.01) and increased NGF (479.4± 56.5 ng/mL for SC vs. 315.85 ± 28.6 ng/mL for NC, P < 0.01) concentrations. TH expression was reduced, while ChAT expression showed no change. Sympathectomy caused decreased HRV and abnormal ECG and echocardiography results, and histopathologic examinations showed myocardial injury and increased collagen deposition as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in the cardiac tissue of rats in the SC and SM groups. However, all pathologic changes in the SM group were less severe compared to those in the SC group.
Chemical sympathectomy with administration of 6-OHDA caused dysregulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and myocardial injuries. Mecobalamin alleviated inflammatory and myocardial damage by protecting myocardial sympathetic nerves.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A four‐channel directly modulated square‐rectangular laser array was demonstrated in 1.3 μm wavelength range with the wavelength interval about 5 nm. The laser array shows stable single mode ...operation with the side‐mode suppression ratio (SMSR) over 30 dB, 3‐dB modulation bandwidth above 11.8 GHz and an open‐eye diagram is obtained at data rates of 10 Gb/s, and the relative intensity noise (RIN) about −138 dB/Hz up to 5 GHz for all channels.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is marked by a distinct distribution, is a common subtype of epithelial carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. SRGN acts as an important and ...poor prognostic factor of NPC through multiple different mechanisms. However, the biological role and mechanism of SRGN in NPC remain unknown. Expression levels of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN in NPC tissues and cell lines were tested by qRT-PCR or/and Western blot. The impacts of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN on NPC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were estimated in vitro by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell experiments, and in vivo by a xenograft tumor model. JASPAR analysis was used to predict the binding activity of Foxo1 (CREB1) with the miR-148a-5p (SRGN) promoter, and the interaction was validated by EMSA and ChIP assays. The miR-148a-5p-CREB1 interaction was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. CREB1 and SRGN were increased while miR-148a-5p was decreased in NPC. Silencing of SRGN and CREB1, as well as miR-148a-5p overexpression, repressed NPC tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. CREB1 promoted SRGN expression in NPC by targeting the promoter area of SRGN. Silencing of FoxO1 facilitated NPC tumor progression, while silencing of STAT3 repressed NPC tumor progression. FoxO1 bound to and regulated miR-148a-5p in NPC, and miR-148a-5p targeted CREB1. Additionally, FoxO1 knockdown abolished the downregulation of CREB1 and SRGN induced by STAT3 silencing. Our results suggest that STAT3 regulates SRGN and promotes the growth and metastasis of NPC through the FoxO1-miR-148a-5p-CREB1 axis.
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