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•Single component phosphamide-based intumescent flame retardant with reactivity to epoxy group was synthesized.•Fire safety of epoxy resin with phosphamide-based intumescent flame ...retardant was greatly enhanced.•The release of smoke and toxic gases such as CO/CO2 was remarkably inhibited.•The mechanical property of flame-retardant epoxy resin was maintained to some extent.•The mechanism of phosphamide-based intumescent flame retardant was well investigated.
To develop a low flammability and smoke epoxy resin, benzothiazole-based phosphamide (DOP-ABZ) was prepared through the reaction of 2-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane-2-oxide (DOP) and 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABZ). Intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) epoxy thermosets (EP) with different loadings of DOP-ABZ were prepared according to the assigned curing procedure. The thermal stability of IFR-EP decreased as compared to that of EP, but the flame retardancy of IFR-EP were greatly improved. EP/20 wt% DOP-ABZ passed UL-94 V-0 rating and got a high LOI value of 28.3%. Meanwhile, cone calorimeter tests showed that the heat release rate greatly decreased from 1139.7 kW/m2 of EP to 238.9 kW/m2, and the productions of smoke/toxic gases including CO and CO2 were also remarkably reduced. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of EP/17.5 wt% DOP-ABZ was enhanced to some extent, i.e. tensile strength increased from 71 MPa of EP to 81 MPa, flexural strength from 98 to 119 MPa, and impact strength from 22 to 32 kJ/m2. Finally, the flame-retardant mechanism was disclosed that DOP-ABZ produced phosphorus-containing acids so as to dehydrate and carbonize epoxy macromolecules leading to the formation of graphitized chars. Meanwhile, the nitrogen/sulfur-containing intermediates simultaneously released noncombustible gases to expand the as-formed char, and then interrupt the combustion reaction.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is one of most common types of cancer worldwide, and mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as prognostic biomarkers in HNSC. In ...the present study, using gene expression datasets from multiple platforms, survival-associated genes in HNSC were identified. Subsequently, a combination of 17 genes (14 mRNAs and 3 lncRNA) was optimized using random forest variable hunting and a risk score model for HNSC prognosis was developed using a cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Patients with high-risk scores tend to have earlier disease recurrence and lower survival rates, compared with those with low-risk scores. This observation was further validated in three independent datasets (GSE41613, GSE10300 and E-MTAB-302). Association analysis revealed that the risk score is independent of other clinicopathological observations. On the basis of the results depicted in the nomogram, the risk score performs better in 3-year survival rate prediction than other clinical observations. In summary, the lncRNA-mRNA signature-based risk score successfully predicts the survival of HNSC and serves as an indicator of prognosis.
AIM：To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase（HO）-1 on liver fibrosis and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma（PPARγ） and nuclear factor-kappa B（NF-κB） in ...rats.METHODS：Sixty Wistar rats were used to construct liver fibrosis models and were randomly divided into 5 groups：group A（normal,untreated）,group B（model for 4 wk,untreated）,group C（model for 6 wk,untreated）,group D model for 6 wk,treated with zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ（ZnPP-Ⅸ） from week 4 to week 6,group E（model for 6 wk,treated with hemin from week 4 to week 6）.Next,liver injury was assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST） and albumin levels.The degree of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by measuring serum hyaluronate acid（HA）,type Ⅳ collagen（Ⅳ-C） and by histological examination.Hydroxyproline（Hyp） content in the liver homogenate was determined.The expres-sion levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA） in liver tissue were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）.The expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS：The expression of HO-1 increased with the development of fibrosis.Induction of HO-1 by hemin significantly attenuated the severity of liver injury and the levels of liver fibrosis as compared with inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP-Ⅸ.The concentrations of serum ALT,AST,HA and Ⅳ-C in group E decreased compared with group C and group D（P 0.01）.Amount of Hyp and α-SMA in the liver tissues in group E decreased compared with group C（0.62 ± 0.14 vs 0.84 ± 0.07,1.42 ± 0.17 vs 1.84 ± 0.17,respectively,P 0.01） and group D（0.62 ± 0.14 vs 1.11 ± 0.16,1.42 ± 0.17 vs 2.56 ± 0.37,respectively,P 0.01）.The expression of PPARγ at levels of transcription and translation decreased with the development of fibrosis especially in group D;and it increased in group E compared with groups C and D（0.88 ± 0.15 vs 0.56 ± 0.19,0.88 ± 0.15 vs 0.41 ± 0.11,respectively,P 0.01）.The expression of NF-κB increased with the development of fibrosis especially in group D;and it decreased in group E compared with groups C and D（1.43 ± 0.31 vs 1.89 ± 0.29,1.43 ± 0.31 vs 2.53 ± 0.54,respectively,P 0.01）.CONCLUSION：Our data demonstrate a potential mechanism that HO-1 can prevent liver fibrosis by enhancing the expression of PPARγ and decreasing the expression of NF-κB in liver tissues.
To investigate the clinicopathological features and outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy with nephrotic-range proteinuria in Chinese children. Patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy and ...nephrotic-range proteinuria between January 2011 and December 2017 were included, and their proteinuria and renal function were followed up. A total of 90 patients were enrolled, and 21.1% (19/90) of them had decreased renal function at diagnosis. Complete remission, partial remission, and no response of proteinuria occurred in 88.6% (70/79), 10.1% (8/79), and 1.3% (1/79), respectively, of the 79 patients who were followed up for 6 to 104 months. 73.7% (14/19) of the patients with decreased renal function at diagnosis recovered to normal level while 26.3% (5/19) of them did not recover or progressed to end-stage renal disease. Two patients with normal renal function at diagnosis progressed to renal insufficiency during follow-up period. By multivariate analysis, the risk for renal function deterioration was significantly higher in the partial remission and no response groups than in the complete remission group. Remission of proteinuria was important for improving renal prognosis in children with IgA nephropathy and nephrotic-range proteinuria. The outcomes for pediatric patients appeared to be better than that reported in adults.
Visible light driven photocatalysts based on crystalline metal halides received much less attention compared with dense or composite oxide semiconductors due to low photochemical stabilities. Here, ...by using large conjugated organic cations as structural direction agents, a series of hybrid cuprous and/or lead halides have been solvothermally prepared and structurally characterized. Compounds H(Me)3-TPT6(Cu2I6)3(Pb6I19)·(H2O)2 (1) and (Me)3-TPT2Cu2Pb3Br14 (2; TPT = 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) contain uncommon Lindqvist-type Pb6I197– nanoclusters and heterometallic Cu2Pb3Br146– units, respectively. Compounds H3TIB2Pb5Br16 (3) and H(Me)3-TIB2Pb5I17 (4; TIB = 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene) are composed of one-dimensional (1D) Pb5Br166– chains and two-dimensional (2D) Pb5I177– layers, respectively. The photosensitized conjugated organic cations offer a great contribution to the conduction bands, which lead to narrow band gaps of 2.01–2.35 eV. Under visible light irradiation, compound 4 exhibits efficient and stable photocatalytic degradation activity for various organic pollutants. The possible photocatalytic mechanism obtained from the radical trapping experiments and electronic band structural calculation show that conjugated organic cations effectively inhibit the recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs leading to excellent photocatalytic activity and photochemical stability.
Recently, low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted considerable attention in solid-state optical application fields, especially in white-light emitting diodes (WLEDs) ...owing to intrinsic broadband luminescence performances. Herein, by selecting different types of organic cations as a structural decoration strategy, we designed a series of new 1D hybrid halides of A
2
Pb
3
Br
10
(A = NPM, DMPDA, TMEN) based on same Pb
3
Br
10
4−
chains composed of edge-shared Pb
3
Br
12
6−
trimers. The low-dimensional crystal lattice results in the formation of self-trapped excitons, which leads to broadband light emissions covering the entire visible region for all A
2
Pb
3
Br
10
homologues. Specifically, compound
1
exhibits yellowish-white light emission (0.34, 0.45) with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 2.51%. Both compounds
2
and
3
show bluish-white light emissions centered at 438 nm and 440 nm, respectively, with high color rendering index (CRI) of 96, which belongs to one of the highest values to date. The intrinsic broadband white light emissions enable them as promising candidates for single-component white-light emitting materials.
To diversify the luminescence properties of 1D perovskites, different organic amine cations were combined with 1D Pb
3
Br
10
4−
chains leading to a series of A
2
Pb
3
Br
10
homologues, displaying broadband near white-light emissions with highest CRI of 96.
As the most important component of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to psychological factors such as anxiety. Anxiety, whether present before or after the onset ...of illness, can lead to many serious consequences. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of and potential risk factors for anxiety after coronary heart disease (post-CHD anxiety).
Systematic searches were performed in electronic databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Technology Journal database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Medline.
Thirteen studies were included. With regard to cross-sectional studies, the prevalence of post-CHD anxiety was P = .37, 95% CI (0.26-0.49). The overall analysis among cohort studies revealed that the prevalence of post-CHD anxiety was P = .50, 95% CI (0.05-0.95). Among the 11 potential risk factors, low education level OR = 1.46, 95% CI (1.05-2.02) and long duration of disease OR = 2.05, 95% CI (1.05-4.00) were statistically significant.
There is high heterogeneity between studies and many defects; thus, further research is required to support these results. Attention should be paid to post-CHD anxiety, and clinical caring should include psychological counselling and imparting disease-related knowledge to patients with a long disease duration and low educational background.
Recently, low-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted considerable attention in solid-state optical application fields, especially in white-light emitting diodes (WLEDs) ...owing to intrinsic broadband luminescence performances. Herein, by selecting different types of organic cations as a structural decoration strategy, we designed a series of new 1D hybrid halides of A 2 Pb 3 Br 10 (A = NPM, DMPDA, TMEN) based on same Pb 3 Br 10 4− chains composed of edge-shared Pb 3 Br 12 6− trimers. The low-dimensional crystal lattice results in the formation of self-trapped excitons, which leads to broadband light emissions covering the entire visible region for all A 2 Pb 3 Br 10 homologues. Specifically, compound 1 exhibits yellowish-white light emission (0.34, 0.45) with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 2.51%. Both compounds 2 and 3 show bluish-white light emissions centered at 438 nm and 440 nm, respectively, with high color rendering index (CRI) of 96, which belongs to one of the highest values to date. The intrinsic broadband white light emissions enable them as promising candidates for single-component white-light emitting materials.
Persistent activation of Survivin and its overexpression contribute to the formation, progression and metastasis of several different tumor types. Therefore, Survivin is an ideal target for RNA ...interference mediated-growth inhibition. Blockade of Survivin using specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) can significantly reduce prostate tumor growth. RNA interference does not fully ablate target gene expression, owing to the idiosyncrasies associated with shRNAs and their targets. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Survivin-specific shRNA, we employed a combinatorial expression of Survivin-specific shRNA and gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19). Then, the GRIM-19 coding sequences and Survivin-specific shRNAs were used to create a dual expression plasmid vector and were carried by an attenuated strain of Salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) to treat prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that the co-expressed Survivin-specific shRNA and GRIM-19 synergistically and more effectively inhibited prostate tumor proliferation and survival, when compared with treatment with either single agent alone in vitro and in vivo. This study has provided a novel cancer gene therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
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