Polysaccharides are a main active substance in
; however, microwave-assisted extraction used to prepare
polysaccharides (MPPG) has rarely been reported, and knowledge of the bactericidal activity of
...polysaccharides remains low. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the extraction of
polysaccharides by using two methods-hot water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction-and compare their chemical composition and structure. In addition, their antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also determined. The data implied that
polysaccharides extracted by microwave-assisted extraction possessed a higher extraction yield than hot water extraction (WPPG) under optimized conditions, and the actual yields were 41.6% ± 0.09% and 28.5% ± 1.62%, respectively. Moreover, the preliminary characterization of polysaccharides was identified after purification. The WPPG with the molecular weight (Mw) of 2.07 × 10
Da was composed of Man, Rib, Rha, GalA, Glu, Gal, and Arab, and the typical characteristics of polysaccharides were determined by IR spectra. Compared with WPPG, MPPG had a higher Mw, uronic acid content, and Glu content. More importantly, the antioxidant activity of MPPG was higher than WPPG, which was probably ascribed to its highly Mw and abundant uronic acid content. Besides, both of them exhibited high bactericidal activity. These results demonstrate that microwave-assisted extraction is an effective method for obtaining
polysaccharides, and MPPG could be applied as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent.
Considering the instability and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of blue‐emitting perovskites, it is still challenging and attractive to construct single crystalline hybrid lead halides ...with highly stable and efficient blue light emission. Herein, by rationally introducing d10 transition metal into single lead halide as new structural building unit and optical emitting center, we prepared a bimetallic halide of (NH4)2CuPbBr5 with new type of three‐dimensional (3D) anionic framework. (NH4)2CuPbBr5 exhibits strong band‐edge blue emission (441 nm) with a high PLQY of 32 % upon excitation with UV light. Detailed photophysical studies indicate (NH4)2CuPbBr5 also displays broadband red light emissions derived from self‐trapped states. Furthermore, the 3D framework features high structural and optical stabilities at extreme environments during at least three years. To our best knowledge, this work represents the first 3D non‐perovskite bimetallic halide with highly efficient and stable blue light emission.
It turns blue! The first crystalline three‐dimensional bimetallic halide of (NH4)2CuPbBr5 exhibits strong narrow blue emission with high PLQY of 32 % as well as remarkable structural and optical stabilities. This structural design strategy is entirely different from the modification methods over CsPbX3 quantum dots and paves a unique way to realize blue light emission based on single‐crystalline hybrid metal halides.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies. Human platelet lysate represents an efficient alternative to fetal bovine serum for clinical-scale expansion of MSCs. ...Different media used in culture processes should maintain the biological characteristics of MSCs during multiple passages. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs have not yet been directly compared with each other under human platelet lysate conditions. This study aims to conduct a direct head-to-head comparison of the biological characteristics of the two types of MSCs under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions for their ability to be used in regenerative medicine applications.
The bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs were cultured under human platelet lysate conditions and their biological characteristics evaluated for cell therapy (morphology, immunophenotype, colony-forming unit-fibroblast efficiency, proliferation capacity, potential for mesodermal differentiation, secreted proteins, and immunomodulatory effects).
Under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions, bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs exhibited similar fibroblast-like morphology and expression patterns of surface markers. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had greater proliferative potential than bone marrow-derived MSCs, while no significantly difference in colony efficiency were observed between the two types of cells. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs possessed higher capacity toward osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation compared with adipose tissue-derived MSCs, while similar adipogenic differentiation potential wase observed between the two types of cells. There were some differences between bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs for several secreted proteins, such as cytokine (interferon-γ), growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and chemokine (stem cell-derived factor-1). Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had more potent immunomodulatory effects than bone marrow-derived MSCs.
Adipose tissue-derived MSCs have biological advantages in the proliferative capacity, secreted proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor, interferon-γ, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and immunomodulatory effects, but bone marrow-derived MSCs have advantages in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential and secreted proteins (stem cell-derived factor-1 and hepatocyte growth factor); these biological advantages should be considered systematically when choosing the MSC source for specific clinical application.
To evaluate the role of Maillard reactions in the generation of flavor compounds in Jinhua ham, the reactions of glucose and ethanal with histidine and lysine, respectively, were studied by ...simulating the ripening conditions of Jinhua ham. The volatile products produced were analyzed using solid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that 8 volatile compounds were generated by the reaction of glucose and histidine and 10 volatile compounds were generated by the reaction of glucose and lysine. Reactions of ethanal with lysine and with histidine both generated 31 volatile compounds that contributed to the flavor of Jinhua ham. This indicates that histidine and lysine related to Maillard reactions possibly play important roles in the generation of the unique flavor compounds in Jinhua ham. This research demonstrates that free amino acids participate in the generation of volatile compounds from Jinhua ham via the Maillard reaction and provides a basic mechanism to explain flavor formation in Jinhua ham.
Practical Application
Jinhua ham is a well‐known traditional Chinese dry‐cured meat product. However, the formation of the compounds comprising its special flavor is not well understood. Our results indicate that Maillard reactions occur in Jinhua ham under ripening conditions. This work illustrates the contribution of Maillard reactions to the flavor of Jinhua ham.
Intratumoral injection of various effector cells combined with oncolytic adenovirus expressing antitumor cytokines exert an effective antitumor immune effect by oncolysis and altering the tumor ...microenvironment. However, this combination therapy had certain limitations. When used in high concentrations, effector cells and oncolytic viruses can spread rapidly to surrounding non-target tissues. And because both therapies used in combination are immunogenic and exhibit shorter biological activity, multiple injections were required to attain an adequate therapeutic index. To overcome these drawbacks, we encapsulated gelatin-based hydrogel capable of co-deliver oncolytic adenovirus armed with IL12 and IL15 (CRAd-IL12-IL15) and CIK cells for enhancing and prolonging the antitumor effects of both therapies after a single intratumoral injection. The injectable and biodegradable hydrogel reduced the dispersion of high-dose oncolytic adenovirus and CIK cells from the injection site to the liver and other non-target tissues. In this study, a novel oncolytic adenoviral vector CRAd-IL12-IL15 was constructed to verify the cytokine expression and oncolytic ability, which can upregulate the expression levels of Bcl-2, Cish and Gzmb in tumor cells. The CRAd-IL12-IL15 + CIKs/gelatin treatment maintained sustained release of CRAd-IL12-IL15 and active CIK cells over a longer period of time, attenuating the antiviral immune response against adenovirus. In conclusion, the results suggested that hydrogel-mediated co-delivery of CRAd-IL12-IL15 and CIK cells might be a an approach to overcome limitations. Both treatments could be effectively retained in tumor tissue and sustained to induce potent anti-tumor immune responses with a single administration.
Display omitted
•We constructed a IL12 and IL15 co-expression conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviruses (CRAd-IL12-IL15).•We encapsulated gelatin-based hydrogel capable of co-deliver CRAd-IL12-IL15 and CIK cells.•The injectable and biodegradable hydrogel reduced the dispersion of high-dose oncolytic adenovirus and CIK cells.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a role in neuronal survival and development, and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. We sought to examine the associations of the CSF HGF with ...Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cognitive function.
A total of 238 participants (including 90 cognitively normal (CN) and 148 mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) who had measurements of CSF HGF were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Multiple linear regression models were utilized to explore the cross-sectional associations of CSF HGF with AD biomarkers (including Aβ42, pTau, and tTau proteins) in non-demented participants. Moreover, linear mixed-effects regression models were utilized to explore the longitudinal associations of HGF subgroups with cognitive function. Mediation analyses were utilized to explore the mediation effects of AD markers.
MCI individuals had significantly increased CSF HGF compared with the CN individuals. Results of multiple linear regressions showed significant correlations of CSF HGF with CSF Aβ42, pTau, and tTau in non-demented participants. Higher level of baseline CSF HGF was associated with faster cognitive decline. Influences of the baseline CSF HGF on cognition were partially mediated by Aβ42, pTau, and tTau pathologies.
High concentrations of HGF in CSF may be related to faster cognitive decline. The cognitive consequences of higher CSF HGF partly stem from AD pathology, which suggests that the CSF HGF may be an attractive biomarker candidate to track AD progression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly serious public health problem in the world, but the effective therapeutic approach is quite limited at present. Cellular senescence is characterized by ...the irreversible cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs). Renal senescence shares many similarities with CKD, including etiology, mechanism, pathological change, phenotype and outcome, however, it is difficult to judge whether renal senescence is a trigger or a consequence of CKD, since there is a complex correlation between them. A variety of cellular signaling mechanisms are involved in their interactive association, which provides new potential targets for the intervention of CKD, and then extends the researches on senotherapy. Our review summarizes the common features of renal senescence and CKD, the interaction between them, the strategies of senotherapy, and the open questions for future research.
Dysregulation of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is one of the most important features of carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, studies integrating the expression of mRNAs and ...lncRNAs to predict the survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) are still limited, hitherto. In current work, we identified survival related mRNAs and lncRNAs in three datasets (TCGA dataset, E-TABM-302, GSE41613). By random forest, seven gene signatures (six mRNAs and lncRNA) were further selected to develop the risk score model. The risk score was significantly associated with survival in both training and testing datasets (E-TABM-302, GSE41613, and E-MTAB-1324). Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that the risk score is independent from clinicopathological features. According to Cox multivariable hazard model and nomogram, the risk score contributes the most to survival than the other clinical information, including gender, age, histologic grade, and alcohol taking. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicates that the risk score is associated with cancer related pathways. In summary, the lncRNA-mRNA based risk score model we developed successfully predicts the survival of 755 HNSC samples in five datasets and two platforms. It is independent from clinical information and performs better than clinical information for prognosis.
The
H
∞
state estimation problem for a class of stochastic neural networks with Markovian jumping parameters and leakage delay is investigated in this paper. By employing a suitable Lyapunov ...functional and inequality technic, the sufficient conditions for exponential stability as well as prescribed
H
∞
norm level of the state estimation error system are proposed and verified, and all obtained results are expressed in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Examples and simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods, at the same time, the effect of leakage delay on stability of neural networks system and on the attenuation level of state estimator are discussed.
In this paper, we present DEMC, a deep dual-encoder network to remove Monte Carlo noise efficiently while preserving details. Denoising Monte Carlo rendering is different from natural image denoising ...since inexpensive by-products (feature buffers) can be extracted in the rendering stage. Most of them are noise-free and can provide sufficient details for image reconstruction. However, these feature buffers also contain redundant information. Hence, the main challenge of this topic is how to extract useful information and reconstruct clean images. To address this problem, we propose a novel network structure, dual-encoder network with a feature fusion sub-network, to fuse feature buffers firstly, then encode the fused feature buffers and a noisy image simultaneously, and finally reconstruct a clean image by a decoder network. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our model is more robust on a wide range of scenes, and is able to generate satisfactory results in a significantly faster way.
PDF
