The effects of frying oils’ fatty acid profile on quality, free radical and volatiles over deep-frying process were investigated, using oils with different fatty acid composition. Results showed ...oxidative stability of frying sunflower oil (SO) were higher than that of frying palm oil (PO). Meanwhile, free radicals in frying oils increased over frying time, and amounts of free radicals in SO were higher than those in PO. Our further analysis on fatty acid composition showed oleic and linoleic acid decreased significantly with the increasing frying time, indicating unsaturated fatty acid of oils degraded under frying process, while no significant change of saturated fatty acids was observed. Results of volatiles indicated that totals of 27 main volatile compounds were found in both frying oils but their content distributed differently in two oils. Chemometrics analysis showed that (E,E)-2,4-octadienal, (E)-2-decenal, 2-undecenal, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-undecanol, 3-hepten-2-one, 1-undecanol, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, octane, dodecane and tetradecane was highly correlated with AV, POV, p-AV, PCs and free radical in frying PO, while (E)-2-hexenal, 1-nonen-3-ol, 2-dodecanol,3-methyl-3-buten-2-one, 4-methyl-2-hexanone, pentanoic acid and nonadecane was highly correlated with quality indices in frying SO, indicating these volatiles may be proposed as potential indicators for evaluating lipid oxidation of corresponding frying oil.
•Application of EPR with DMPO as spin trap in thermal oxidation of frying oils.•Volatiles of frying palm and sunflower oil were formed by oxidation of fatty acids.•Potential volatile indicators for evaluating oxidation differed in different oils.•Chemometrics analysis was used for finding volatile markers for quality evaluation.
•Ultrasonic duration had the greater effect on properties of cellulose nanoparticles.•Ultrasound significantly improved hydrophobicity of cellulose nanoparticles.•Cellulose treated by intense ...ultrasound were easier to adsorb at O/W interface.•The adsorbed nanoparticles formed an interfacial film at the interface of droplets.
Cellulose microparticles from ginkgo seed shells were treated by ultrasonic treatments within the selected output powders (150–600 W) and durations (10–60 min) to produce cellulose nanoparticles. The main aim of this study was to investigate effects of ultrasonic conditions on the interfacial property and emulsifying property of those cellulose nanoparticles. Compared to ultrasonic output powers, ultrasonic durations showed the greater influence on morphology and physical properties of cellulose nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy revealed that noodle-like cellulose particles with 1100 nm in length gradually became the short rod-like nanoparticles with 300 nm in length with increasing of ultrasonic duration from 10 min to 60 min. Moreover, results of contact angles indicated that ultrasound could significantly improve hydrophobicity of cellulose nanoparticles. The interfacial shear rheology showed that although all cellulose nanoparticles exhibited the similar interface adsorption behavior which showed the initial lag-phase of adsorption, followed by the interface saturation, the time of this initial lag-phase was affected by ultrasonic conditions. The increase of ultrasonic duration and ultrasonic power could shorten the time of this initial lag-phase, suggesting the resulting cellulose nanoparticles easier adsorption at the O/W interface. It was probably attributed to its small size and high hydrophobicity induced by intense ultrasonic treatments. Meanwhile, the cellulose nanoparticles with small size and higher hydrophobicity exhibited the better emulsifying ability to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions due to the formation of the viscoelastic interfacial film. This study improved understanding about changes in interfacial and emulsifying properties of cellulose nanoparticles caused by ultrasonic treatments.
•Viscosity and interfacial tension of PO and SBO increased with frying temperature.•Surfactant content (DAG, MAG and TPC) of oil increased with frying temperature.•Viscosity and surface activity of ...oil affected the oil absorption of fried strips.•Viscosity and surface activity mainly affected absorption of SO of fried strips.•Frying temperature and oil type showed no effect on surface tension.
Oil absorption behavior of fried foods is affected by oil property during frying process. The present study investigated the effect of oil viscosity and surface activity on the oil uptake of fried potato strips with frying temperature. Results showed that oil content of palm oil (PO) and soybean oil (SBO) in fried strips increased with the frying temperature between 140 °C and 180 °C, while deceased at 200 °C. Oil distribution determined by LF-NMR and CLSM confirmed the changes of oil content of fried potato strips. Interfacial tension and surfactant content (monoglycerides, diglycerides, total polar compounds) of PO and SBO increased with frying temperature and affected the oil absorption of fried strips. Frying temperature and oil type showed no effect on surface tension. Besides, the higher level of viscosity, interfacial tension and surfactants of SBO than those of PO facilitated the more SO and TO of fried potato strips.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of sinapine, a rapeseed ...polyphenol known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in C57BL/6 J mice and the underlying mechanisms. Four week-old mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed a low-fat diet (LFD), a HFD, a HFD with common rapeseed oil (HFD + CRO) and a HFD with sinapine in rapeseed oil (HFD + SRO) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with sinapine reduced the body weight of HFD mice by 10.99%, and decreased the levels of TG and LDL-C by 15.67% and 73.62%, respectively. In addition, sinapine also suppressed the intestinal NF-κB and TNF-α expressions and enhanced the adipose tissue IRS-1 expression in the HFD mice (
P
< 0.05). In terms of effects on the gut microbiota, sinapine induced a decrease in the ratio of
Firmicutes
to
Bacteroidetes
and increased the abundance of probiotics, such as
Lactobacillaceae
,
Akkermansiaceae
and
Blautia
, along with metabolite short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-mediated upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) to inhibit expression of inflammatory factors. Our collective results strongly supported the fact that the utility of sinapine as a prebiotic agent could prevent gut dysbiosis and obesity-related chronic diseases, such as insulin resistance (IR) and NAFLD.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis.
Thermal oxidation stabilities of four kinds of vegetable oils (palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil), their characteristic fatty acids (FA, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and ...linolenic acid) and corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) were quantified by the parameter of onset temperature (Ton) of the thermal oxidation. The parameter Ton was obtained by the non-isothermal pattern of TGA method in the oxygen atmosphere at different heating rates (1, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 °C/min). The results showed that the stability order of four kinds of vegetable oils was: palm oil > rapeseed oil > sunflower oil > linseed oil. For FAs, palmitic acid and oleic acid were more stable than linoleic acid and linolenic acid. And the same situation was found in FAMEs because of the difference in the unsaturation degree. Furthermore, based on the composition of four most essential fatty acids in the oils, a mathematical model based on the stability of FAs and FAMEs was found to predict the stability of vegetable oils. The mathematical predictions of oil oxidative stability by FAME system were more accurate with lower average deviation below 2%.
•Method validation of oxidative stability of FAs, FAMEs and oils by TGA was verified.•A database of stability parameters of four main FAs and FAMEs was established.•A prediction model for stability of oils based on FA & FAME system was established.•The database and model based on FAMEs were suggested in practical application.
Identifying magma fertility is an important task in ore genesis research. In this paper, we use apatite chemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes for such a study. The apatite crystals are from four Cretaceous ...coeval granodiorite intrusions with different styles of hydrothermal mineralization in the Tongling ore district, South China. The selected intrusions are Hucun, Dongguashan, and Xinwuli, which host both porphyry and skarn Cu deposits, and the Chaoshan, which hosts a skarn Au deposit. The abundances of apatite major and trace elements, such as Mn, V, Ce, S, F, Cl, and Cu, together with the whole-rock compositions, are used to decipher the oxidation states, volatile compositions, and Cu fertility of the parental magmas. The apatite Sr-Nd isotope compositions are used as tracers for the magma sources. The results show that: (1) the parental magma of the Au-mineralized intrusion is less oxidized and has higher S-Cl contents than those of the Cu-mineralized intrusions, and (2) the proportion of mantle-derived melt is much higher in the former than in the latter. The results also reveal that the Cu-mineralized intrusions have highly variable apatite Cu-Cl-S compositions. Specifically, the Xinwuli intrusion has much higher Cu but lower Cl-S contents in apatite than the other two intrusions, indicating that a Cu-rich magma is not universally required for the formation of hydrothermal Cu deposits. This study demonstrates that apatite is a robust petrogenetic and metallogenic indicator for porphyry and skarn-type Cu-Au ore deposits.
Mullite (Al6Si2O13) and ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7) powders were synthesized by the solvent gel (sol-gel) method. To improve the oxidation resistance of Cf/SiC composites at high temperatures, a ...novel tri-layer Yb2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13/SiC environment barrier coatings (EBCs) was deposited on the surface of Cf/SiC composites by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and air spray sol-gel methods. Results show that Yb2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13/SiC coating lost its ability to protect Cf/SiC composites in the air environment at 1773 K due to the Yb2Si2O7 particles in Yb2Si2O7 top coating diffused into the Al6Si2O13 middle coating, which eventually form a eutectic interface with the extension of oxidation time. However, Yb2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13/SiC coating can efficiently prevent the oxidation of Cf/SiC composites at 1673 K for 150 h with a weight loss of 2.69 × 10−3 g·cm−2. The growth of grains and the disappearance of micro-holes in Al6Si2O13 and Yb2Si2O7 coatings deposited by air spray sol-gel method led to the excellent oxidation resistance of Yb2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13/SiC coating.
•A novel tri-layer Yb2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13/SiC environment barrier coatings (EBCs) is prepared on Cf/SiC composites.•Yb2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13/SiC coating loses the protection ability of Cf/SiC composites at 1773 K.•The Yb-Si-O-Al system began to melt locally at about 1773 K.•Yb2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13/SiC coating has better oxidation resistance for Cf/SiC composites at 1673 K.•The study provides guidance for the design of EBCs.
► Polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. ► GLP-F had the highest scavenging effects, reducing power and FRAP activity. ► FD was an appropriate method ...for obtaining GLP with high antioxidant activity.
Three polysaccharides (GLP-H, GLP-V and GLP-F) were obtained from Ganoderma lucidum by hot air drying, vacuum drying and vacuum freeze drying, respectively. Their chemical compositions were determined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power, DPPH free radical and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Among three polysaccharides, GLP-F and GLP-V had the higher scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, DPPH free radical, and stronger reducing power than GLP-H. GLP-F showed the stronger antioxidant capacity than GLP-V and GLP-H in FRAP system. GLP-H and GLP-V showed an almost identical pattern in FRAP system (p>0.05). However, GLP-V showed the stronger radical scavenging activities than GLP-H. Available data obtained in in vitro models suggested that vacuum freeze drying was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining the polysaccharide from G. lucidum.
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•A design method of nonlinear periodically gradient porous structure is proposed.•The compression failure mechanism of the nonlinear porous structure was analyzed by digital image ...correlation technology and finite element analysis, and a periodic failure deformation was observed.•The strain-stress plateau length and effective energy absorption were improved by increasing the number of porosity cycles.
This research presents a design method of the nonlinear periodic gradient triply periodic minimal surface structures (NL-TPMS). The gradient porosity of NL-TPMS was controlled by a sinusoidal function and the influence of the number of cycles on the compression failure mechanism has been investigated. Homogenous TPMS and NL-TPMS were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with 316L stainless steel powder. Digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis (FEA) were applied to explore the compression behavior of NL-TPMS. The strain of the plateau end of homogenous TPMS decreases as the porosity increases, and the DIC results show that homogenous TPMS deformed with a 45° diagonal shear band. The compression results show that anisotropy of mechanical properties exists in NL-TPMS. The length of the first plateau and compressive proof strength increase as the number of cycles of porosity increases. The cycle of gradient porosity also influences the compression behavior of NL-TPMS, and a periodic failure deformation was observed in the NL-TPMS rather than a layer-by-layer compression deformation in normal gradient porous structures. The maximum principal strain of NL-TPMS detected by DIC presents a periodic distribution, which corresponds to the sinusoidal period designed function of NL-TPMS.
In the present study, effects of cis-9,10-epoxy stearic acid (ESA) generated by the thermal oxidation of oleic acid on HepG2 cells, including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, were ...investigated. Our results revealed that ESA decreased the cell viability and induced cell death. Cell cycle analysis with propidium iodide staining showed that ESA induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in HepG2 cells. Cell apoptosis analysis with annexin V and propidium iodide staining demonstrated that ESA induced HepG2 cell apoptotic events in a dose- and time-dependent manner; the apoptosis of cells after treated with 500 μM ESA for 12, 24, and 48 h was 32.16, 38.70, and 65.80%, respectively. Furthermore, ESA treatment to HepG2 cells resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (from 0.84 ± 0.02 to 8.90 ± 0.50 nmol/mg of protein) levels and a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (from 1.34 ± 0.27 to 0.10 ± 0.007 units/mg of protein), catalase (from 100.04 ± 5.05 to 20.09 ± 3.00 units/mg of protein), and glutathione peroxidase (from 120.44 ± 7.62 to 35.84 ± 5.99 milliunits/mg of protein). These findings provide critical information on the effects of ESA on HepG2 cells, particularly cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, which is important for the evaluation of the biosafety of the oxidative product of oleic acid.
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