A pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection broke out all over the world; however, epidemiological data and viral shedding in pediatric patients are limited. ...We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study, and followed‐up with all children from the families with SARS‐CoV‐2 infected members in Zhejiang Province, China. All infections were confirmed by testing the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA with real‐time reverse transcription PCR method, and epidemiological data between children and adults in the same families were compared. Effect of antiviral therapy was evaluated observationally and fecal‐viral excretion times among groups with different antiviral regiments were compared with Kaplan‐Meier plot. By 29 February 2020, 1298 cases from 883 families were confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 314 of which were families with children. Incidence of infection in child close contacts was significantly lower than that in adult contacts (13.2% vs 21.2%). The mean age of 43 pediatric cases was 8.2 years and mean incubation period was 9.1 days. Forty (93.0%) were family clustering. Thirty‐three children had coronavirus disease 2019 (20 pneumonia) with mild symptoms and 10 were asymptomatic. Fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection was positive in 91.4% (32/35) cases and some children had viral excretion time over 70 days. Viral clearance time was not different among the groups treated with different antiviral regiments. No subsequent infection was observed in family contacts of fecal‐viral‐excreting children. Children have lower susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, longer incubation, and fecal‐viral excretion time. Positive results of fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection were not used as indication for hospitalization or quarantine.
Highlights
Children had lower susceptibility for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection than adults.
Children had longer incubation period and fecal viral excretion time after infected by SARS‐CoV‐2.
Viral clearance time was not different among the groups treated with different antiviral regiments.
Children had milder clinical symptoms, better clinical outcome, and more common fecal viral excretion.
Positive results of fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection are not used as indication for hospitalization or quarantine.
UiO-66(Ce)-encapsulated ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru@UiO-66(Ce)) was designed and used for dehydrogenation of primary amines to nitriles in water without any hydrogen acceptors and additives. ...Introduction of metal Ru to UiO-66(Ce) contributes to the formation of Lewis acid-base pairs
on the catalyst owing to the metal-support interaction, acting as active sites for activation of amines and transfer of hydrogen.
Ab initio
calculation results further confirm the roles of Lewis acid-base pairs in the reaction.
UiO-66(Ce)-encapsulated ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru@UiO-66(Ce)) was designed and used for dehydrogenation of primary amines to nitriles in water without any hydrogen acceptors and additives.
Recently, the concept of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) has been extended to the creation of engineered geopolymer composites (EGCs). Although showing similar mechanical characteristics ...(e. g., strain hardening and multiple cracking) to conventional ECC, the strength of existing EGC is generally low, and this sometimes restrains its applications. In the present study, a low-calcium (Class F) fly ash-based, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced EGC was developed and further modified by a ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (slag). The slag was used to replace the fly ash at content of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (by weight). The effects of the slag on the mechanical properties (e.g., compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, uniaxial tensile behavior, flexural bending strength, and pullout bond strength) of the EGCs were investigated. The results revealed that all EGCs studied exhibited a strain/deflection hardening behavior under tension/flexure, and all slag replacements for fly ash enhanced strength-related properties but reduced ductility-related properties of the EGCs. The EGC mix with 20% slag replacement for fly ash (FA-20%S) had 102.3 MPa compressive strength, 6.8 MPa tensile strength, and 6.2 MPa bond strength, while the EGC mix with no slag (FA-0%S) had 72.6 MPa compressive strength, 4.7 MPa tensile strength, and 3.5 MPa bond strength at 28 days. These strength enhancements were mainly attributed to the improved density of the EGC matrix and the bond between the matrix and fiber. There are close relationships between the bond strength and other strengths, especially the tensile and flexural strengths, of the EGCs.
•A fly ash-based, engineered geopolymer composite (EGC) displayed a significant strain hardening behavior.•Replacing fly ash with 20% slag in the EGC increased the 28-day compressive strength from 73 MPa to 102 MPa.•Slag replacements for fly ash improved strength related properties but reduced ductility related properties of the EGCs.•The EGC mix with 20% slag showed more geopolymization products adhered on PVA fiber surfaces than the EGC mix with no slag.
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) is used as herbal medicine and new food resource in China, which is nontoxic and harmless, and can be used as common food. Polysaccharide as one ...of the main bioactive components in D. officinale, mainly composed of glucose and mannose (Manp: Glcp = 2.01:1.00-8.82:1.00), along with galactose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose in different molar ratios and types of glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides of D. officinale exhibit a variety of biological effects, including immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, gastro-protective, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and vasodilating effects. This paper presents the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and analyzes gaps in the current research on D. officinale polysaccharides. In addition, based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, the possible mechanisms of bioactivities of D. officinale polysaccharides were summarized. We hope that this work may provide helpful references and promising directions for further study and development of D. officinale polysaccharides.
•D. officinale polysaccharides are purified by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography.•D. officinale polysaccharides possess diverse structures and configurations.•D. officinale polysaccharides exhibit diverse biological activities.•Structure-activity relationship of D. officinale polysaccharides should be addressed in future studies.
A Co‐based heterogeneous catalyst supported on N,P co‐doped porous carbon (Co@NCP) is prepared via a facile in‐situ doping‐carbonization method. The Co@NCP composite features a large surface area, ...high pore volume, high‐density and strong basic sites. Furthermore, doping of P atoms can regulate the electronic density of Co. Therefore, Co@NCP exhibits good performance for the synthesis of quinoxalines from o‐nitroanilines and biomass‐derived diols under alkali‐free conditions.
Heterogeneous catalysis: The synthesis of a Co‐based heterogeneous catalyst supported on N,P co‐doped porous carbon (Co@NCP) by a facile in‐situ doping‐carbonization method is reported. Co@NCP exhibits good performance for the synthesis of quinoxalines from o‐nitroanilines and biomass‐derived diols under alkali‐free conditions.
Mutations in the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 （PRRT2） are associated with paroxysmal kinesigenic dys- kinesia （PKD） and several other paroxysmal neurological diseases, but the PRRT2 function ...and pathogenic mecha- nisms remain largely obscure. Here we show that PRRT2 is a presynaptic protein that interacts with components of the SNARE complex and downregulates its formation. Loss-of-function mutant mice showed PKD-like phenotypes triggered by generalized seizures, hyperthermia, or optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Mutant mice with spe- cific PRRT2 deletion in cerebellar granule cells （GCs） recapitulate the behavioral phenotypes seen in Prrt2-null mice. Furthermore, recording made in cerebellar slices showed that optogenetic stimulation of GCs results in transient elevation followed by suppression of Purkinje cell firing. The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine used in PKD treat- ment also relieved PKD-like behaviors in mutant mice. Together, our findings identify PRRT2 as a novel regulator of the SNARE complex and provide a circuit mechanism underlying the PRRT2-related behaviors.
Accurate landslide inventory mapping is essential for quantitative hazard and risk assessment. Although multi-temporal change detection techniques have contributed greatly to landslide inventory ...preparation, it is still challenging to generate quality change detection images (CDIs) for accurate landslide mapping. The recently proposed change detection-based Markov random field (CDMRF) provides an effective approach for rapid mapping of landslides with minimum user interventions. However, when CDI is generated by change vector analysis (CVA) alone, the CDMRF method may suffer from noise especially when the pre- and post-event remote sensing images are acquired under different atmospheric, illumination, and phenological conditions. This paper improved such CDMRF approach by integrating normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), principal component analysis (PCA), and independent component analysis (ICA) generated CDIs with MRF for landslide inventory mapping from multi-sensor data. To justify the effectiveness and applicability, the improved methods were applied to map rainfall-, typhoon-, and earthquake-triggered landslides from the pre- and post-event satellite images acquired by very high resolution QuickBird, high resolution FORMOSAT-2, and moderate resolution Sentinel-2. Moreover, they were tested on pre-event Landsat-8 and post-event Sentinel-2 datasets, indicating that they are operational for landslide inventory mapping from combined multi-temporal and multi-sensor data. The results demonstrate that the improved δNDVI-, PCA-, and ICA-based approaches perform much better than CVA-based CDMRF in terms of completeness, correctness, Kappa coefficient, and F-measures. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that NDVI, PCA, and ICA are integrated with MRF for landslide inventory mapping from multi-sensor data. It is anticipated that this research can be a starting point for developing new change detection techniques that can readily generate quality CDI and for applying advanced machine learning algorithms (e.g., deep learning) to automatic detection of natural hazards from multi-sensor time series data.
•NDVI, PCA, and ICA are integrated into MRF for landslide mapping.•Improved CDMRF for landslide mapping from multi-sensor data•NDVI-, PCA-, and ICA-based MRF outperform CVA-based MRF significantly•Applicable to map rainfall-, typhoon-, and earthquake-triggered landslides
Global climate change has great impacts on plant growth and development, reducing crop productivity worldwide. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the world's most important food crops, is susceptible to ...high‐temperature stress from seedling stage to reproductive stage. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress responses in rice, including heat sensing and signalling, transcriptional regulation, transcript processing, protein translation, and post‐translational regulation. We also highlight the irreversible effects of high temperature on reproduction and grain quality in rice. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for future research on heat stress responses in rice.
Brief summary
In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and discuss challenges and opportunities for future research on improving heat stress tolerance in rice.
This is the first meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of insomnia in the general population of China. A systematic literature search was conducted via the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, ...EMBASE and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Interne (CNKI), WanFang Data and SinoMed). Statistical analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. A total of 17 studies with 115,988 participants met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The pooled prevalence of insomnia in China was 15.0% (95% Confidence interval CI: 12.1%-18.5%). No significant difference was found in the prevalence between genders or across time period. The pooled prevalence of insomnia in population with a mean age of 43.7 years and older (11.6%; 95% CI: 7.5%-17.6%) was significantly lower than in those with a mean age younger than 43.7 years (20.4%; 95% CI: 14.2%-28.2%). The prevalence of insomnia was significantly affected by the type of assessment tools (Q = 14.1, P = 0.001). The general population prevalence of insomnia in China is lower than those reported in Western countries but similar to those in Asian countries. Younger Chinese adults appear to suffer from more insomnia than older adults.
CRD 42016043620.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important grain crop that is grown in arid regions. Here we sequenced 916 diverse foxtail millet varieties, identified 2.58 million SNPs and used 0.8 million ...common SNPs to construct a haplotype map of the foxtail millet genome. We classified the foxtail millet varieties into two divergent groups that are strongly correlated with early and late flowering times. We phenotyped the 916 varieties under five different environments and identified 512 loci associated with 47 agronomic traits by genome-wide association studies. We performed a de novo assembly of deeply sequenced genomes of a Setaria viridis accession (the wild progenitor of S. italica) and an S. italica variety and identified complex interspecies and intraspecies variants. We also identified 36 selective sweeps that seem to have occurred during modern breeding. This study provides fundamental resources for genetics research and genetic improvement in foxtail millet.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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