Background
A cross‐sectional retrospective study suggested a link between allergic diseases and Parkinson's disease. However, the temporal association between asthma and Parkinson's disease remains ...unknown.
Methods
From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 10 455 patients who were diagnosed with asthma between 1998 and 2008 and aged ≥45 years and 41 820 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were selected for our study and observed until the end of 2011. Those who developed Parkinson's disease during the follow‐up period were identified. We also examined the asthma severity, as indicated by the frequency of admission (times per year) for asthma exacerbation, and the risk of subsequent Parkinson's disease.
Results
Patients with asthma had an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (hazard ratio HR: 3.10, 95% confidence interval CI: 2.20–4.36) after we adjusted for demographic data, health system use, medical comorbidities, and medication use. Sensitivity tests yielded consistent findings after we excluded observations on the first year (HR: 2.90, 95% CI: 2.04–4.13) and first 3 years (HR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.64–3.69). Patients with asthma who had more frequent admissions (times per year) during the follow‐up period exhibited a greater risk of subsequent Parkinson's disease (>2: HR: 16.42, 95% CI: 5.88–45.91; 1‐2: 12.69, 95% CI: 5.03–31.71; 0‐1: HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.91–4.49).
Conclusion
Patients with asthma had an elevated risk of developing Parkinson's disease later in life, and we observed a dose‐dependent relationship between greater asthma severity and a higher risk of subsequent Parkinson's disease.
Blue electrophosphorescence in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is enhanced by the use of 3,6‐bis(triphenylsilyl)carbazole (see figure). This carbazole derivative with sterically bulky and ...large‐gap triphenylsilyl groups is an electrochemically and morphologically stable efficient host material for blue electrophosphorescence. When utilized in OLEDs, high efficiencies of up to 16 %, 30.6 cd A–1, and 26.7 lm W–1 are achieved.
Although the increased incidence of second primary malignant neoplasms (SPMs) is a well-known late effect after cancer, few studies have compared survival after an SPM to survival of the same cancer ...occurring as first primary malignant neoplasm (PM) by age.
To assess the survival impact of SPMs in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (15-39 years) compared with that of pediatric (<15 years) and older adult (≥40 years) patients with the same SPMs.
This was a population-based, retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer in 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results regions in the United States diagnosed from 1992 to 2008 and followed through 2013. Data analysis was performed between June 2016 and January 2017.
Five-year relative survival was calculated overall and for each cancer occurring as a PM or SPM by age at diagnosis. The impact of SPM status on cancer-specific death was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.
A total of 15 954 pediatric, 125 750 AYAs, and 878 370 older adult patients diagnosed as having 14 cancers occurring as a PM or SPM were included. Overall, 5-year survival after an SPM was 33.1% lower for children, 20.2% lower for AYAs, and 8.3% lower for older adults compared with a PM at the same age. For the most common SPMs in AYAs, the absolute difference in 5-year survival was 42% lower for secondary non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 19% for secondary breast carcinoma, 15% for secondary thyroid carcinoma, and 13% for secondary soft-tissue sarcoma. Survival by SPM status was significantly worse in younger vs older patients for thyroid, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, soft-tissue sarcoma, and central nervous system cancer. Adolescents and young adults with secondary Hodgkin lymphoma (hazard ratio 95% CI, 3.5 1.7-7.1); soft-tissue sarcoma (2.8 2.1-3.9); breast carcinoma (2.1 1.8-2.4); acute myeloid leukemia (1.9 1.5-2.4); and central nervous system cancer (1.8 1.2-2.8) experienced worse survival compared with AYAs with the same PMs.
The adverse impact of SPMs on survival is substantial for AYAs and may partially explain the relative lack of survival improvement in AYAs compared with other age groups. The impact of a particular SPM diagnosis on survival may inform age-specific prevention, screening, treatment, and survivorship recommendations.
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