High expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) is associated with a poor prognosis that correlates closely with cellular proliferation in breast cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which ...ERα controls breast cancer cell proliferation is not clear. Here we report that ERα regulates the cell cycle by suppressing p53/p21 and up‐regulating proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and proliferation‐related Ki–67 antigen (Ki–67) to promote proliferation of MCF–7 cells. In addition, 17–β–estradiol (E2) enhances ERα‐induced proliferation of MCF–7 cells by stimulating expression of PCNA and Ki–67. Knockdown of ERα significantly affects PCNA/Ki–67 and p53/p21 expression. Furthermore, ERα inhibits the transcriptional activity of p53/p21 in an estrogen response element‐dependent manner. More importantly, we provide new evidence that ERα mediates proliferation of MCF–7 cells by up‐regulating miR–17 to silence the expression of p21. Thus, these data provide new insights into the underlying effect of ERα on breast cancer proliferation.
Model for how estrogen receptor α (ERα) regulates MCF‐7 cell proliferation by p53‐p21‐PCNA‐E2F1 pathway.
Terrestrial geothermal springs are physicochemically diverse and host abundant populations of Archaea. However, the diversity, functionality, and geological influences of these Archaea are not well ...understood. Here we explore the genomic diversity of Archaea in 152 metagenomes from 48 geothermal springs in Tengchong, China, collected from 2016 to 2021. Our dataset is comprised of 2949 archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes spanning 12 phyla and 392 newly identified species, which increases the known species diversity of Archaea by ~48.6%. The structures and potential functions of the archaeal communities are strongly influenced by temperature and pH, with high-temperature acidic and alkaline springs favoring archaeal abundance over Bacteria. Genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics provide insights into the potential ecological niches of these Archaea and their potential roles in carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen metabolism. Furthermore, our findings illustrate the interplay of competition and cooperation among Archaea in biogeochemical cycles, possibly arising from overlapping functional niches and metabolic handoffs. Taken together, our study expands the genomic diversity of Archaea inhabiting geothermal springs and provides a foundation for more incisive study of biogeochemical processes mediated by Archaea in geothermal ecosystems.
Eliminating malaria and preventing re-establishment of malaria transmission in border areas requires universal coverage of malaria surveillance and a rapid response to any threats (i.e. malaria cues) ...of re-establishing transmission.
Strategy 1: Intensive interventions within 2.5 km-wide perimeter along the border to prevent border-spill malaria. The area within 2.5 km along the international border is the travel radius of anopheline mosquitoes. Comprehensive interventions should include: (1) proactive and passive case detection, (2) intensive vector surveillance, (3) evidence-based vector control, and (4) evidence-based preventative treatment with anti-malarial drugs. Strategy 2: Community-based malaria detection and screening of migrants and travellers in frontier townships. Un-permitted travellers cross borders frequently and present in frontier townships. Maintenance of intensified malaria surveillance should include: (1) passive malaria detection in the township hospitals, (2) seek assistance from villager leaders and health workers to monitor cross border travellers, and refer febrile patients to the township hospitals and (3) the county's Centre for Disease Control and Prevention maintain regular proactive case detection. Strategy 3: Universal coverage of malaria surveillance to detect malaria cues. Passive detection should be consolidated into the normal health service. Health services personnel should remain vigilant to ensure universal coverage of malaria detection and react promptly to any malaria cues. Strategy + 1: Strong collaborative support with neighbouring countries. Based on the agreement between the two countries, integrated control strategies should be carried out to reduce malaria burden for both countries. There should be a clear focus on the border areas between neighbouring countries.
The 3 + 1 strategy is an experience summary of border malaria control and elimination, and then contributed to malaria elimination in Yunnan's border areas, China. Nevertheless, Yunnan still has remaining challenges of re-establishment of malaria transmission in the border areas, and the 3 + 1 strategy should still be carried out.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bruchidius coreanus is a serious pest on Gleditsia sinensis Lam during seed storage, causing significant losses to their yield in southwest China. To gain insight into their behavioral mechanisms, ...the external morphology, ultrastructure, and distribution of sensilla on antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of both male and female B. coreanus were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that both male and female adults had serrated antennae comprising a scape, a pedicel, and nine flagellomeres (F1–F9). There were eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla observed in both sexes, including Böhm sensilla (BS), two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SC1 and SC2), two subtypes of sensilla trichodea (ST1 and ST2), three subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2, and SB3), sensilla auricillica (SA), sensilla styloconicum (SS), capitate pegs (CP), and sensilla cavity (SCa). The average length of BS and ST (ST1 and ST2) showed significant differences between males and females. Furthermore, the number of SC (SC1 and SC2), ST1, and SCa differed significantly between the sexes. Four types of sensilla were found on the maxillary palps and labial palps, with the length of ST on these palps significantly differing between males and females. Additionally, SS on male labial palps was significantly longer than in females. The number of SC significantly differed between the male and female maxillary palps and labial palps, while ST and SS showed significant differences in the maxillary palps. These findings will contribute to further electrophysiological recording and behavioral research.
Research Highlights
The external morphology and distribution of various sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of Bruchidius coreanus were described.
Eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla were observed on the antennae, while four types of sensilla were observed on the maxillary palps and labial palps.
The capitate pegs were found exclusively on the antennae of female B. coreanus.
To gain insight into their behavioral mechanisms, the external morphology, ultrastructure, and distribution of sensilla on antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of both male and female Bruchidius coreanus were observed using a scanning electron microscope.
•Various modified CL-20 crystalline composites with graphene/polydopamine as the dopants have been prepared;•These CL-20 based composites have improved thermal stability, and lower mechanical ...sensitivity;•Some of the abovementioned CL-20 based composites have even higher density with exclusion of polymorphic transition;
Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a well-known high energy density nitramine, but it is of high sensitivity and has the problem of polymorphic transition. In order to reduce the sensitivity of ε-CL-20 and improve the stability of its crystal structure, the polydopamine (PDA)-coated graphene oxide (GO) was used to dope ε-CL-20 crystals by strategy of in-situ coating followed with a solvent-non-solvent crystallization process. It has been shown that modified CL-20 crystals with the best performances are of polygon shape with a smooth surface and with the average diameter of 16 μm, much smaller than that of raw ε-CL-20 (140 μm). In addition, the doping can either improve the polymorphic transition temperature up to 19.0 °C or exclude such a transition due to formation of completely new crystal phase with better stability, depending on the type and content of the dopants. The density of a certain GO@PDA modified CL-20 is even slightly higher than that of pristine ε-CL-20 due to better assembling of the molecules under the nucleation of the dopants. CL-20/PDAG-2 does not show any polymorphic transition peak. Moreover, the XRD spectrum of CL-20/PDAG-2 also demonstrates that it is a completely new crystal phase better than the other four reported ones in terms of thermal stability.
Silicon (Si) is a promising anode candidate for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but it suffers from poor electronic conductivity and dramatic volume variation during cycling, which ...poses a critical challenge for stable battery operation. To mitigate these issues simultaneously, we propose a “double carbon synergistic encapsulation” strategy, namely thin carbon shell and nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped two-dimensional (2D) carbon sheet dual encapsulate Si nanoparticles (denoted as 2D NPC/C@Si). This double carbon structure can serve as a conductive medium and buffer matrix to accommodate the volume expansion of Si nanoparticles and enable fast electron/ion transport, which promotes the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase film during cycling. Through structural advantages, the resulting 2D NPC/C@Si electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 592 mAh·g
−1
at 0.2 A·g
−1
with 90.5% excellent capacity retention after 100 cycles, outstanding rate capability (148 mAh·g
−1
at 8 A·g
−1
), and superior long-term cycling stability (326 mAh·g
−1
at 1 A·g
−1
for 500 cycles, 86% capacity retention). Our findings elucidate the development of high-performance Si@C composite anodes for advanced LIBs.
Display omitted
•The n-Al@PDA(1 h)/kerosene nanofluid fuel exhibits better stability than n-Al@PDA/kerosene nanofluid fuel.•PDA coating increases the combustion rate of n-Al/kerosene nanofluid ...droplets.•The role of PDA layer in the n-Al/kerosene nanofluid is revealed.•Mechanism of PDA in the combustion of n-Al@PDA/kerosene.
In this experimental study, we examine the stability and combustion of a new nanofluid fuel created by mixing kerosene and nano-aluminum (n-Al) particles coated with polydopamine (PDA). Focus is placed on examining the effect of the PDA coating time, and hence the PDA film thickness, with the aid of a proposed heat transfer mechanism for the combustion of n-Al@PDA/kerosene droplets. The results indicate that n-Al@PDA(1 h)/kerosene (i.e. a PDA coating time of one hour), which remains stable for seven hours, exhibits better stability than all the other samples, but that the stability worsens as the PDA coating time increases. The ignition character of n-Al/kerosene nanofluid droplets is not quite sensitive to PDA layer. The combustion processes of n-Al/kerosene and n-Al@PDA/kerosene are remarkably similar, consisting of four distinct stages: ignition, classic combustion, vapor flame extinguishing, and Al droplet combustion. The burning intensity of n-Al agglomerates coated with PDA is stronger than that without PDA, with more black smoke generated and more n-Al particles expelled near the end of the n-Al burning stage. The combustion rates of kerosene droplets containing 5% n-Al@PDA(1 h) and 5% n-Al@PDA(2 h) are higher than other samples. The intensity of the emission spectra for the n-Al@PDA(2 h) agglomerates is the highest among all the samples. Taken together, these results indicate that, compared with uncoated n-Al/kerosene and other PDA-coated nanofluid fuels, n-Al@PDA(2 h)/kerosene exhibits superior ignition and combustion characteristics, opening new possibilities for tailoring Al-based nanofluid fuels.
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is considered an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
This study analyzed the effects of various agents on MACE risk reduction in HTG ...(serum triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl) populations by performing a network meta-analysis. We performed a frequentist network meta-analysis to conduct direct and indirect comparisons of interventions. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched for trials until Jul 6, 2020. Randomized controlled trials that reported MACE associated with agents in entire HTG populations or in subgroups were included. The primary outcome was MACE.
Of the 2005 articles screened, 21 trials including 56,471 patients were included in the analysis. The network meta-analysis results for MACE risk based on frequency data showed that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.19-1.46), gemfibrozil (OR: 1.53; 95% CI 1.20-1.95), niacin plus clofibrate (OR: 2.00; 95% CI 1.23-3.25), pravastatin (OR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.15-1.52), simvastatin (OR: 2.38; 95% CI 1.55-3.66), and atorvastatin (OR: 0.55; 95% CI 0.37-0.82) significantly reduced the risk of MACE compared to the control conditions. In the subgroup analysis of HTG patients with triglycerides ≥ 200 mg/dL, bezafibrate (OR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.33-0.94), EPA (OR: 0.72; 95% CI 0.62-0.82), and pravastatin (OR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.01-1.75) significantly reduced the MACE risk.
Simvastatin had a clear advantage in reducing the risk of MACE in the entire HTG population analyzed in this meta-analysis. EPA, but not omega-3 fatty acid, was considered an effective HTG intervention. Among fibrates, gemfibrozil was most effective, though bezafibrate may significantly reduce the risk of MACE in populations with triglyceride levels of 200-300 mg/dL. Trial registration retrospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020213705).
Pogonatherum crinitum is a promising lead (Pb) hyperaccumulator; however, the effects of Pb contamination on P. crinitum rhizosphere soil enzymatic activities and microbial composition remain largely ...unexplored. Thus, an indoor experiment was conducted by cultivating P. crinitum seedlings and exposing them to four Pb concentrations (0, 1,000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg Pb). Protease, urease, acid phosphatase and invertase activities were determined using standard methods while soil bacterial composition was determined by 16 S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that rhizosphere soil acid phosphatase activity significantly increased with increasing Pb concentration, while urease activity was significantly greater in rhizosphere soil contaminated with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg than in the control. There was a clear shift in bacterial composition during phytoremediation by P. crinitum. Compared to the control, Bacteroidetes was more abundant in all Pb-contaminated soils, Actinobacteria was more abundant in 1000 mg/kg Pb-treated soil, and Firmicutes was more abundant in 3000 mg/kg Pb-treated soil. Positive correlations were observed between dominant bacterial phyla and soil enzyme activities. Metabolic pathways, such as ABC transporter, quinine reductase, and ATP-binding protein were significantly increased in rhizosphere soil bacteria with Pb contamination. In conclusion, Pb contamination differentially influenced the activities of rhizosphere soil enzymes, specifically increasing acid phosphatase and urease activities, and alters the dominance of soil bacteria through up-regulation of genes related to some metabolic pathways. The strong correlations between dominant bacterial phyla and enzymatic activities suggest synergetic effects on the growth of P. crinitum during Pb contamination.
•Enzyme activities and bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of P. crinitum contaminated with Pb were studied.•Pb contamination significantly increased soil acid phosphatase and urease activities.•Pb contamination alters bacterial community composition in rhizosphere soil.•Positive correlations were observed between some soil bacteria and enzyme activities.•Pb contamination upregulated ABC transporter, quinine reductase and ATP-binding protein genes.
Display omitted
•Novel PDA/GO coating methodology using PDA as an interfacial layer can further stabilize thermostable EMs.•The thermal reactivity properties and gaseous products of coated composites ...are clarified.•The kinetics models of multi-stage decomposition reactions are obtained.
The high performance energetic materials (EMs) with reduced sensitivity and improved thermostability are essential for propellant and explosive applications. In this paper, two thermostable derivatives of dibenzotetraazapentene Tetranitro-Benzopyridotetraazapentalene (NBTTP) and Tetranitro-Dipyridotetraazapentalene (NPTTP) are further stabilized by Polydopamine (PDA) and Graphene Oxide (GO) coating, resulting in highly thermostable composites. The thermal behavior and decomposition mechanisms of these composites have been investigated by TG-DSC/FTIR technique. It has been shown that the PDA/GO coating layer is effective to stabilize NBTTP and NPTTP crystals by largely increasing their decomposition activation energy (Ea). As a typical product, the NBTTP@PDA/GO-1–1 decomposes in two steps, with the Ea 38.0% and 59.0% higher than that of pristine NBTTP, respectively. In comparison, the Ea for rate-limiting decomposition step of NPTTP@PDA/GO-1–2 is 92.6% higher than that of NPTTP. After coating PDA/GO, the decomposition heat does not change much, which is about 2259 to 2458 J g−1. The last decomposition step for these composites follows 2D nucleation and nucleus growth model, whereas it is 3D nucleation and growth model for the pristine crystals, indicating a much lower decomposition reaction rate. The major gaseous products of NBTTP and NPTTP are CO2, C2H2, N2O, CN, CO, NO and H2O. Volatile hydrocarbon products appear in modified NBTTP composites, which are responsible for the slow reaction rates.
PDF
