Endoscopic resection and gastrectomy are treatment modalities for early gastric cancer, but their relative benefits and risks are unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to ...compare endoscopic resection and gastrectomy for treating early gastric cancer.
We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until April 2015 for studies comparing endoscopic resection with gastrectomy for treatment of early gastric cancer. Outcome measures were five-year overall survival (OS), length of hospital stay and postoperative morbidity. We calculated pooled hazard ratio (HR), weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) using random effects models.
Six studies comprising 1,466 patients (618 endoscopic resection and 848 gastrectomy) met inclusion criteria. Five-year OS was similar between endoscopic resection and gastrectomy (HR, 1.06; 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.83). Endoscopic resection was associated with shorter hospital stays (WMD, -6.94; 95% CI: -7.59 to -6.29) and reduced overall postoperative morbidity (OR, 0.36; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.74).
While five-year OS is similar between endoscopic resection and gastrectomy, endoscopic resection offers a shorter hospital stay and fewer complications than gastrectomy for treating early gastric cancer. Endoscopic resection is a reasonable treatment for early gastric cancer with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
T. Kop. (
) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to treat cancer but lacks evidence. The objective of this work was to reveal the chemical composition of
essential ...oil (PEO) and explore its potential antitumor activity and molecular mechanism. PEO was prepared by the simultaneous distillation-extraction method and characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to analyze the effects and mechanism of PEO against cancer cells. A total of 74 constituents of PEO were identified, with diterpenes (26.5%), sesquiterpenes (23.89%), and alcohols (21.81%) being the major constituents. Two terpenoids, selina-6-en-4-ol and dolabella-3,7-dien-18-ol, were detected in PEO for the first time. PEO showed significant cell growth inhibitory activity on HepG2 and A549 cells by blocking the G1 phase and inducing apoptosis, which may be attributed to its upregulation of p21
and p27
proteins and interference with mitochondrial membrane potential effect. Dolabella-3,7-dien-18-ol accounts for 25.5% of PEO and is one of the main active components of PEO, with IC
values in HepG2 and A549 cells of (25.820 ± 0.216) µg/mL and (23.597 ± 1.207) μg/mL, respectively. These results confirmed the antitumor medicinal value of
and showed great application potential in the pharmaceutical industry.
The Loess Plateau of China has the highest soil erosion rate in the world where billion tons of soil is annually washed into Yellow River. In recent decades this region has experienced significant ...climate change and policy-driven land conversion. However, it has not yet been well investigated how these changes in climate and land use have affected soil organic carbon (SOC) storage on the Loess Plateau. By using the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), we quantified the effects of climate and land use on SOC storage on the Loess Plateau in the context of multiple environmental factors during the period of 1961-2005. Our results show that SOC storage increased by 0.27 Pg C on the Loess Plateau as a result of multiple environmental factors during the study period. About 55% (0.14 Pg C) of the SOC increase was caused by land conversion from cropland to grassland/forest owing to the government efforts to reduce soil erosion and improve the ecological conditions in the region. Historical climate change reduced SOC by 0.05 Pg C (approximately 19% of the total change) primarily due to a significant climate warming and a slight reduction in precipitation. Our results imply that the implementation of "Grain for Green" policy may effectively enhance regional soil carbon storage and hence starve off further soil erosion on the Loess Plateau.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Over the years, the microbial community of maize (
Zea mays
) rhizosphere has been extensively studied; however, the role of microdiversity sustain rhizosphere-associated microbial species ...distribution from root surface to bulk soil in mature maize is still unclear. Although operational taxonomic units (OTUs) have been used to classify species, amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) have been shown to be effective in representing microdiversity within OTUs at a finer genetic scale. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the role of microdiversity in influencing the distribution of rhizosphere-associated microbial species across environmental gradients from root surface to bulk soil at the OTU and ASV levels. Here, the microbial community structures of bulk, loosely bound, and tightly bound soil samples from maize rhizosphere were examined at OTU and ASV levels. The results showed that OTU and ASV methods exhibited similar microbial community structures in rhizosphere. Additionally, different ecotypes with varying distributions and habitat preferences were observed within the same bacterial OTU at the ASV level, indicating a rich bacterial microdiversity. In contrast, the fungal community exhibited low microdiversity, with no significant relationship between fungal microdiversity and persistence and variability. Moreover, the ecotypes observed within the bacterial OTUs were found to be positively or negatively associated with environmental factors, such as soil organic carbon (SOC), NO
3
−
–N, NH
4
+
–N contents, and pH. Overall, the results showed that the rich microdiversity could sustain the distribution of rhizosphere-associated bacterial species across environmental gradients from root surface to bulk soil. Further genetic analyses of rhizosphere-associated bacterial species could have considerable implications for potential mediation of microdiversity for sustainable crop production.
Some studies have reported the importance of rhizobium in mitigating heavy metal toxicity, however, the regulatory mechanism of the alfalfa-rhizobium symbiosis to resist copper (Cu) stress in the ...plant-soil system through biochemical reactions is still unclear. This study assessed the effects of rhizobium (
CCNWSX0020) inoculation on the growth of alfalfa and soil microbial characteristics under Cu-stress. Further, we determined the regulatory mechanism of rhizobium inoculation to alleviate Cu-stress in alfalfa through plant-soil system. The results showed that rhizobium inoculation markedly alleviated Cu-induced growth inhibition in alfalfa by increasing the chlorophyll content, height, and biomass, in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus contents. Furthermore, rhizobium application alleviated Cu-induced phytotoxicity by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content in tissues, and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation levels (i.e., malondialdehyde content). In addition, rhizobium inoculation improved soil nutrient cycling, which increased soil enzyme activities (i.e., β-glucosidase activity and alkaline phosphatase) and microbial biomass nitrogen. Both Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) identified that the interactions between soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, microbial biomass, plant antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage could jointly regulate plant growth. This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanism of action of the legume-rhizobium symbiotic system to mitigate Cu stress and provide an efficient strategy for phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soils.
•CHA-type ECNU-25 was synthesized with cheap OSDA in the SiO2-B2O3 system.•Al atoms were introduced to obtain Al,B-ECNU-25 with tailorable Si/Al ratio.•Al,B-ECNU-25 were highly active in ...methanol-to-olefin and NH3-SCR reaction.
The small-pore CHA-type zeolites have received intensive attentions due to their outstanding performance in both of the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process and ammonia selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NH3-SCR of NOx) reactions. However, the costly synthesis of CHA-type aluminosilicate is a great issue for the practical application. In this study, a novel and cheap organic structure-directing agent of N,N,N-trimethylisobutylammonium hydroxide was developed and used to synthesize CHA-type zeolites (name as ECNU-25) with boric acid as the supporting agent. The Si/Al ratio in the synthetic gel could be tailored in a wide range of 50 - ∞. Al,B-ECNU-25 zeolite thus synthesized served as an effective catalyst for the MTO reaction. After Cu2+-exchange, the Cu-Al,B-ECNU-25 was also highly active in the NH3-SCR of NOx.
The importance of flexible employment has been highlighted at the policy level in China. In the process of implementing the employment priority strategy, the number of flexible workers in China has ...exceeded 200 million. Platform-based flexible employment has shown great potentiality in stabilising employment, but as a new form of employment, its employment quality still needs to be improved. Based on the research data, this study identified 14 effective factors influencing the employment quality of platform-based flexible workers and constructed a five-level interpretative structural model (ISM) for the employment quality of platform-based flexible workers. According to the characteristics of different platform types, platform-based flexible employment was divided into business-type and labour-type flexible employment. Then hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted on the quality of the two types of flexible workers respectively. The results showed that working hours only had a significant positive effect on the employment quality of business-type flexible workers, while salary and employment injury insurance only had a significant positive effect on the employment quality of labour-type flexible workers. This paper proposed policy recommendations to achieve high-quality employment for flexible workers on different platforms.
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•Primary liver malignancy accounts to be one of the most noxious disease menacing global populations.•vicenin-2 effectively inhibited both constitutive and stimulated STAT3 ...phopshorylation and inhibited the activation of JAK.•vicenin-2 persuasively indued apoptosis in tumour cells thereby renders anticarcinogenic effect on hepatocarcinoma cells.
We analyzed the potency of vicenin-2, flavanoid present in medicinal herbs such Ocimum sanctum and Moringa oleifera on inhibiting the STAT3 gene expression and its subsequent regulatory genes. We assessed the effect of vicenin-2 against the STAT-3 activation both in the normal and induced stage with IL-6 and EGF. To prove vicenin-2 as a ideal inhibitor of vicenin-2, the STAT3 regulated proteins, protein kinases and phosphatases were also analyzed. The anticancer effect of vicenin-2 was assessed with three different hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and their effect of induction of apoptosis was assessed with immunoblotting analysis. To confirm the anticancer effect of vicenin-2, the xenografted hepatocellular mice model was treated with vicenin-2 and analyzed for tumor size reduction and apoptotic induction. Vicenin-2 significantly inhibited the STAT3 protein expression even in the presence of IL-6 and EGF induction. Vicenin-2 pretreated cells shown increased phosphorylation of STAT3 protein when treated with pervandate and SHP1-siRNA respectively. Vicenin-2 treatment decreased the expression of STAT3 regulated protein JAK1, JAK2, AKT and also increased the apoptotic proteins procaspase3, PARP. It significantly decreased the levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl2, Bclxl, Mcl1, survivig, cell regulatory protein cyclinD1 and angiogenic protein VEGF. In vivo results prove that vicenin-2 potentially inhibits the growth of tumour and induces apoptosis in xenografted hepatocellular mice model. Overall our in vitro and in vivo findings authentically prove that vicenin-2 is a novel STAT-3 inhibitor which imparts anticarcinogenic effect by inhibiting the STAT-3 signaling pathway.
Recent structural studies of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family extracellular regions have identified an unexpected mechanism for ligand-induced receptor dimerization that has important ...implications for activation and inhibition of these receptors. Here we describe the 2.8 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the antigen binding (Fab) fragment from cetuximab (Erbitux), an inhibitory anti-EGFR antibody, in complex with the soluble extracellular region of EGFR (sEGFR). The sEGFR is in the characteristic “autoinhibited” or “tethered” inactive configuration. Cetuximab interacts exclusively with domain III of sEGFR, partially occluding the ligand binding region on this domain and sterically preventing the receptor from adopting the extended conformation required for dimerization. We suggest that both these effects contribute to potent inhibition of EGFR activation.
Excessive use of N fertilizers (driven by high-yield goals) and its consequent environmental problems are becoming increasingly acute in agricultural systems. A 2-year field experiment was conducted ...to investigate the effects of three N application methods (application of solid granular urea once (OF) or twice (TF), application of solid granular urea mixed with controlled-release urea once (MF)), and six N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 kg N ha−1) on maize yield, economic benefits, N use efficiency, and soil N balance in the maize (Zea mays L.) film mulching system on the Loess Plateau, China. The grain yield and economic return of maize were significantly affected by the N rate and application method. Compared with the OF treatment, the MF treatment not only increased the maize yield (increased by 9.0–16.7%) but also improved the economic return (increased by 10.9–25.8%). The agronomic N use efficiency (NAE), N partial factor productivity (NPFP) and recovery N efficiency (NRE) were significantly improved by 19.3–66.7, 9.0–16.7 and 40.2–71.5%, respectively, compared with the OF treatment. The economic optimal N rate (EONR) of the OF, TF, and MF was 145.6, 147.2, and 144.9 kg ha−1 in 2019, and 206.4, 186.4, and 146.0 kg ha−1 in 2020, respectively. The apparent soil N loss at EONR of the OF, TF, and MF were 97.1–100.5, 78.5–79.3, and 50.5–68.1 kg ha−1, respectively. These results support MF as a one-time N application method for delivering high yields and economic benefits, with low N input requirements within film mulching spring maize system on the Loess Plateau.
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