The integration of visual data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has ushered in an era of computer vision, greatly expanding the possibilities for object tracking applications. ...Nevertheless, existing UAV datasets predominantly focus on large-scale objects characterized by distinct contours, overlooking single tiny objects encountered in real-world flight scenarios. Extracting appearance information from these diminutive objects poses a considerable challenge for object tracking. To rectify this imbalance in data distribution, we proposed a UAV dataset called Overhead Look Of Drones (OLOD), encompassing 70 sequences meticulously designed to address tiny object tracking. It contains over 55k frames and provides supplementary information about altitude and flight attitude. Additionally, we incorporated 11 challenging attributes to enhance the complexity of the scenes, thereby establishing a comprehensive benchmark for single object tracking. OLOD serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the tracking capabilities of various algorithms when it comes to tiny objects. Subsequently, through experimental results, we shed light on the limitations of existing methods for tracking tiny objects on this benchmark, underscoring the necessity for further research in this field. Our dataset and evaluation code will be released at
https://github.com/yuymf/OLOD
.
Phospho-tau accumulation and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) impairment both contribute importantly to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but whether and how tau dysregulates AHN ...in AD remain poorly understood. Here, we found a prominent accumulation of phosphorylated tau in GABAergic interneurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of AD patients and mice. Specific overexpression of human tau (hTau) in mice DG interneurons induced AHN deficits but increased neural stem cell-derived astrogliosis, associating with a downregulation of GABA and hyperactivation of neighboring excitatory neurons. Chemogenetic inhibition of excitatory neurons or pharmacologically strengthening GABAergic tempos rescued the tau-induced AHN deficits and improved contextual cognition. These findings evidenced that intracellular accumulation of tau in GABAergic interneurons impairs AHN by suppressing GABAergic transmission and disinhibiting neural circuits within the neurogenic niche, suggesting a potential of GABAergic potentiators for pro-neurogenic or cell therapies of AD.
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•Phospho-tau is accumulated in DG GABAergic interneurons of AD patients and mice•Interneuron overexpressing human tau impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis•Tau accumulation reduces GABA, disinhibits local circuits, and promotes astrogliosis•THIP, a δ-GABAAR agonist, improves neurogenesis and cognition in AD mice
Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Zheng et al. report that phospho-tau accumulation in dentate gyrus GABAergic interneurons disrupts adult hippocampal neurogenesis and increased astrogliosis. Importantly, strengthening GABAergic signaling can rescue neurogenesis and improve cognitive functions in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.
The growth and development of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are significant events known to affect muscle plasticity, disease, meat production, and meat quality, which involves the types and functions of ...mRNA and non-coding RNA. Here, MuSCs were cultured from Guangxi fetal cattle. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the RNA expression of mRNA and non-coding RNAs during the cell proliferation and differentiation phases.
Two thousand one hundred forty-eight mRNAs and 888 non-coding RNAs were differentially expressed between cell proliferation and differentiation phases, including 113 miRNAs, 662 lncRNAs, and 113 circRNAs. RT-qPCR verified the differential expression levels of mRNAs and non-coding RNAs, and the differentially expressed circUBE2Q2 was subsequently characterized. Expression profile analysis revealed that circUBE2Q2 was abundant in muscle tissues and intramuscular fat. The expression of cricUBE2Q2 was also significantly upregulated during MuSCs myogenic differentiation and SVFs adipogenic differentiation and decreased with age in cattle muscle tissue. Finally, the molecular mechanism of circUBE2Q2 regulating MuSCs function that affects skeletal muscle development was investigated. The results showed that circUBE2Q2 could serve as a sponge for miR-133a, significantly promoting differentiation and apoptosis of cultured MuSCs, and inhibiting proliferation of MuSCs.
CircUBE2Q2 is associated with muscle growth and development and induces MuSCs myogenic differentiation through sponging miR-133a. This study will provide new clues for the mechanisms by which mRNAs and non-coding RNAs regulate skeletal muscle growth and development, affecting muscle quality and diseases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was frequently assessed in COVID‐19 infection and reported to be associated with adverse outcomes. However, there was no consensus regarding the optimal cutoff ...value for RDW. Records of 98 patients with COVID‐19 from the First People's Hospital of Jingzhou were reviewed. They were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value for RDW on admission by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis: ≤11.5% (n = 50) and >11.5% (n = 48). The association of RDW with the severity and outcomes of COVID‐19 was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the RDW was a good discrimination factor for identifying COVID‐19 severity (area under the curve = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.626–0.830, p < 0.001). Patients with RDW > 11.5% more frequently suffered from critical COVID‐19 than those with RDW ≤ 11.5% (62.5% vs. 26.0%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed RDW to be an independent predictor for critical illness due to COVID‐19 (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.27−4.55, p = 0.007). A similar result was obtained when we included RDW > 11.5% into another model instead of RDW as a continuous variable (OR = 5.41, 95% CI: 1.53−19.10, p = 0.009). RDW, as an inexpensive and routinely measured parameter, showed promise as a predictor for critical illness in patients with COVID‐19 infection. RDW > 11.5% could be the optimal cutoff to discriminate critical COVID‐19 infection.
Highlights
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RDW is an inexpensive and routinely measured parameter that was independently associated with the disease severity of COVID‐19 infection.
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RDW > 11.5% could be the optimal cutoff to discriminate critical COVID‐19 infection and might be helpful in clinical practice to identify critical cases at an early stage.
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Future studies should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanism of the association between RDW and the severity of illness in COVID 19 infection.
The wait times for patients from their appointments to receiving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are usually long. To reduce this wait time, the present study proposed that service time wastage ...could be reduced by adjusting MRI examination scheduling by prioritizing patients who require examinations involving the same type of coil. This approach can reduce patient wait times and thereby maximize MRI departments' service times. To simulate an MRI department's action workflow, 2,447 MRI examination logs containing the deidentified information of patients and radiation technologists from the MRI department of a medical center were used, and a hybrid simulation model that combined discrete-event and agent-based simulations was developed. The experiment was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the service time was increased by adjusting the examination schedule and thereby reducing the number of coil changes. In the second stage, the maximum number of additional patients that could be examined daily was determined. The average number of coil changes per day for the four MRI scanners of the aforementioned medical center was reduced by approximately 27. Thus, the MRI department gained 97.17 min/d, which enabled them to examine three additional patients per month. Consequently, the net monthly income of the hospital increased from US$17,067 to US$30,196, and the patient wait times for MRI examinations requiring the use of flexible torso and head, shoulder, 8-inch head, and torso MRI coils were shortened by 6 d and 23 h, 2 d and 15 h, 2 d and 9 h, and 16 h, respectively. Adjusting MRI examination scheduling by prioritizing patients that require the use of the same coil could reduce the coil-setting time, increase the daily number of patients who are examined, increase the net income of the MRI department, and shorten patient wait times for MRI examinations. Minimizing the operating times of specific examinations to maximize the number of services provided per day does not require additional personnel or resources. The results of the experimental simulations can be used as a reference by radiology department managers designing scheduling rules for examination appointments.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristic of a single-stage centrifugal pump with inlet inducer and outlet Radial Guided Vanes (RGVs) influenced by the clocking effect for the first ...time. Different from general ones, the outlet RGVs in this paper have specificities. The hydraulic performance and dynamic characteristics of the centrifugal pump are numerically studied and validated by experiments. The results indicate that there is an optimum position of RGVs that can not only increase the pump head and efficiency but also reduce the pressure fluctuation intensity. A non-dimensional parameter describing the velocity non-uniformity of the impeller outlet is first proposed, which is negatively related to the pump's hydraulic performance. The clocking position of the RGVs will affect the velocity homogeneity at the impeller outlet, and further influence the hydraulic characteristics of the pump. Besides, the clocking effect of outlet RGVs mainly affects the amplitudes of BPF for both the pressure fluctuation and radial force, and the most obvious frequency of pressure pulsation and radial force is 3 BPF correlating with the inlet inducer. It is recommended to install the volute-tongue tip near the middle of two vanes.
Here, two new polyoxometalate (POM)‐based biimidazole (H2biim) complexes formulated as Ag(H2biim)22Ag4(H2biim)4(PW12O40)2 (1) and Ag(H3biim)2PW12O40·4H2O (2) were synthesized by a hydrothermal ...method, and their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and other physico‐chemical and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, by using 1 and 2 as precursors, graphene as a carrier and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as a reducing agent, two kinds of POM and Ag nanoparticle with high dispersion loaded graphene composite materials (denoted as PW12/Ag/graphene‐a and PW12/Ag/graphene‐b, respectively) were prepared through a one‐step synthesis method. PW12/Ag/graphene‐a and PW12/Ag/graphene‐b were applied in electrocatalytic water oxidation in neutral media and obtained lower overpotentials than the reference electrodes including Ag/graphene, PW12/graphene, and PW12/Ag/graphene owing to a synergistic role of the three components. The composite electrodes display good stability. This work provides new insight for preparing water oxidation catalysts using Ag‐based POMs as precursors.
Herein, two new Keggin type POM‐based Ag‐containing H2biim complexes were synthesized and used as precursors for preparation of POM and Ag nanoparticle loaded graphene composite materials, which show good activity and stability for electrocatalytic water oxidation under neutral conditions.
Chronicity of pain is one of the most interesting questions in chronic pain study. Clinical and experimental data suggest that supraspinal areas responsible for negative emotions such as depression ...and anxiety contribute to the chronicity of pain. The amygdala is suspected to be a potential structure for the pain chronicity due to its critical role in processing negative emotions and pain information.
This study aimed to investigate whether amygdala or its subregions, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central medial amygdala (CeA), contributes to the pain chronicity in the spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain model of rats.
(1) Before the establishment of the SNI-induced neuropathic pain model of rats, lesion of the amygdaloid complex with stereotaxic injection of ibotenic acid (IBO) alleviated mechanical allodynia significantly at days 7 and 14, even no mechanical allodynia at day 28 after SNI; Lesion of the BLA, but not the CeA had similar effects; (2) however, 7 days after SNI when the neuropathic pain model was established, lesion of the amygdala complex or the BLA or the CeA, mechanical allodynia was not affected.
These results suggest that BLA activities in the early stage after nerve injury might be crucial to the development of pain chronicity, and amygdala-related negative emotions and pain-related memories could promote pain chronicity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Development of semiconductor catalysts is an attractive way to solve energy shortage and pollution problems. In this work, a kind of ternary heterojunction nanocomposite g-C3N4/Co3O4/Ag2O was ...successfully prepared, whose morphology, structure and composition were characterized by TEM, EDS, XRD and XPS analysis. Photocatalytic experiments prove that g-C3N4/Co3O4/Ag2O shows good photodegradation efficiency (98.09%) for RhB under visible light. The free radical capture experiment indicates that the hole, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical all contribute to the photocatalytic process. In addition, it is found that introducing Ag2O into the composite can efficiently promote the formation of H2O2via the reduction of O2. An electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) study further confirms that the value of electron transfer during the ORR is 2.07 for g-C3N4/Co3O4/Ag2O, indicating the promoted two-electron O2 reduction reaction to H2O2. Based on the above results and energy band structures of semiconductors, a possible photocatalysis mechanism is proposed.
Enzyme immobilization is of increasing importance for biocatalysis, for which good supports are critical. Herein, two new Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate (POM)‐based coordination polymers, namely, ...{Cu(H2biim)2{Cu(H2biim)2(μ‐H2O)}2Cu(H2biim)(H2O)2H({Cu(H2biim)(H2O)2}0.5)2((μ‐C3HN2Cl2){Cu(H2biim)}2){Z(H2O)P5W30O110}⋅x H2O}n (1: Z=Na, x=9; 2: Z=Ag, x=10; H2biim=2,2′‐biimidazole) were designed and synthesized. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit the same skeletons, which contain multiple CuII complex fragments and penta‐supported {ZP5W30} (Z=Na, Ag) clusters. They were first employed to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Results show that compounds 1 and 2 are good supports for HRP immobilization, and exhibit higher enzyme loading, lower loading times, and excellent reusability. The immobilized HRP (HRP/1 or HRP/2) was further applied to detect H2O2, and good sensitivity, wide linear range, low detection limit, and fast response were achieved. This work shows that POM‐based hybrid materials are a new kind of promising support for enzyme immobilization.
Pinning down catalysts: Two new Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate‐based coordination polymers were synthesized and applied to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP). These polymers exhibited higher enzyme loading, required a shorter loading time, and exhibited excellent reusability (see figure).
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