Although photons in free space barely interact, matter can mediate interactions between them resulting in optical nonlinearities. Such interactions at the single-quantum level result in an on-site ...photon repulsion, crucial for photon-based quantum information processing and for realizing strongly interacting many-body states of light. Here, we report repulsive dipole-dipole interactions between electric field-tuneable, localized interlayer excitons in the MoSe
/WSe
heterobilayer. The presence of a single, localized exciton with an out-of-plane, non-oscillating dipole moment increases the energy of the second excitation by ~2 meV-an order of magnitude larger than the emission linewidth and corresponding to an inter-dipole distance of ~7 nm. At higher excitation power, multi-exciton complexes appear at systematically higher energies. The magnetic field dependence of the emission polarization is consistent with the spin-valley singlet nature of the dipolar molecular state. Our finding represents a step towards the creation of excitonic few- and many-body states such as dipolar crystals with spin-valley spinor in van der Waals heterostructures.
The exploration of next-generation sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is a worldwide concern to replace the current commercial lithium-ion batteries, mitigating the increasing exhaustion of Li resources. ...Sodium transition metal oxides are considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials for SIBs. The anionic redox reaction in Li-rich transition metal oxides is capable of providing extra capacity in addition to the cationic redox activities in lithium-ion batteries. A similar phenomenon exists in SIBs, which even applies to Na-deficient transition metal oxides. Moreover, transition metal oxides with mixed phase also demonstrate great potential. In this review, studies on anionic redox are first systematically introduced. The up-to-date advances on high-capacity transition metal oxide cathode materials for SIBs are then classified and summarized in different groups associated with or without anionic redox. The existing challenges as well as available solutions and strategies are discussed, and proposals with new insights are made at the end. It is expected that this work can provide new perspectives on controlling the anionic redox activity and finding novel high-capacity oxide cathode materials for SIBs.
This work provides guidance on controlling anionic redox activity and finding novel high-capacity transition metal oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF)‐based therapy is among the most efficient and crucial therapeutics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which indicates that TwHF is a potential source ...of novel anti‐RA drugs. However, accumulating studies have observed that TwHF‐based therapy induces multi‐organ toxicity, which prevents the wide use of this herb in clinical practice, although several recent studies have attempted to reduce the toxicity of TwHF. Notably, our research group developed a “Clinical Practice Guideline for Tripterygium Glycosides/Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis” (No. T/CACM 1337‐2020) approved by the China Association of Chinese Medicine to standardize the clinical application of TwHF‐based therapy and thus avoid adverse effects. Although great strides have been made toward the characterization of TwHF‐based therapy and revealing its underlying pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms, several crucial gaps in knowledge remain as potential barriers to enhance its therapeutic effects on the premise of safety assurance. This review offers a global view of TwHF, ranging from its chemical constituents, quality control, clinical observations, and underlying pharmacological mechanisms to toxic manifestations and mechanisms. We focus on the important and emerging aspects of this field and highlight the major challenges and strategies for using novel techniques and approaches to gain new insights into unresolved questions. We hope that this review will improve the understanding of TwHF application and draw increasing interdisciplinary attention from clinicians that practice both Chinese and Western medicine, basic researchers, and computer scientists.
Sodium-ion batteries have received remarkable attention as next-generation high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices because of their cost effectiveness and the broad geographical ...distribution of sodium. As a critical component of sodium-ion batteries, anode materials, especially nanostructured anodes, have a significant effect on the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries. Recent research indicates that phosphorus and metal phosphides show great promise as anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries because of their low cost and relatively high theoretical gravimetric and volumetric specific capacities. In this review, we systematically summarize recent research progress on state-of-the-art nanostructured phosphorus and phosphides, including the synthetic strategies, Na-storage mechanisms, and the relationship between the nanostructure and electrochemical performance. Moreover, we present an overview of future challenges and opportunities based on current developments.
Given that many people suffer from large‐area skin damage, skin regeneration is a matter of high concern. Here, an available method is developed for the formation of large‐area robust skins through ...three stages: fabrication of a biodegradable sealant‐loaded nanofiber scaffold (SNS), skin tissue reconstruction, and skin regeneration. First, a microfluidic blow‐spinning strategy is proposed to fabricate a large‐scale nanofiber scaffold with an area of 140 cm × 40 cm, composed of fibrinogen‐loaded polycaprolactone/silk fibroin (PCL/SF) ultrafine core–shell nanofibers with mean diameter of 65 nm. Then, the SNS forms, where the gelling reaction of fibrin sealant occurs in situ between thrombin and fibrinogen on PCL/SF nanofiber surface, to promote the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, accelerating skin regeneration. Through an in vivo study, it is shown that the SNS can rapidly repair acute tissue damage such as vascular bleeding and hepatic hemorrhage, and also promote angiogenesis, large‐area abdominal wall defect repair, and wound tissue regeneration for medical problems in the world. Besides, it avoids the risk of immune rejection and secondary surgery in clinical applications. This strategy offers a facile route to regenerate large‐scale robust skin, which shows great potential in abdominal wall defect repair.
An accessible method is proposed to enable large‐area skin regeneration from a biodegradable sealant‐loaded nanofiber scaffold (SNS) to skin tissue, showing great advantages and clinical significance in terms of wound healing, anti‐infection, and tissue regeneration (reepithelialization, epidermal thinning, and collagen alignment), solving the medical problems of large‐area abdominal trauma.
Iron-based Prussian blue analogs are promising low-cost and easily prepared cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Their materials quality and electrochemical performance are heavily reliant on ...the precipitation process. Here we report a controllable precipitation method to synthesize high-performance Prussian blue for sodium-ion storage. Characterization of the nucleation and evolution processes of the highly crystalline Prussian blue microcubes reveals a rhombohedral structure that exhibits high initial Coulombic efficiency, excellent rate performance, and cycling properties. The phase transitions in the as-obtained material are investigated by synchrotron in situ powder X-ray diffraction, which shows highly reversible structural transformations between rhombohedral, cubic, and tetragonal structures upon sodium-ion (de)intercalations. Moreover, the Prussian blue material from a large-scale synthesis process shows stable cycling performance in a pouch full cell over 1000 times. We believe that this work could pave the way for the real application of Prussian blue materials in sodium-ion batteries.
Leukemia, the most common cancer in children, is a hematological malignancy caused by clonal proliferation of abnormal lymphoid or hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and/or lymphoid system. ...Leukemias can be classified into many subtypes based on cell of origin, clinical, phenotypic, and genetic information. Tremendous advances have been made in the leukemia field during the last several decades. Our understanding of the biology of different types of leukemia has significantly improved through a huge amount of basic and clinical research. The application of advanced diagnostic technologies has led to the identification of not only new leukemia subtypes but also the clinical outcomes of all leukemias. One classic example is pediatric acute lymphoblast leukemia, the most common fatal disease in children, which has become a highly curable disease with a curable rate of over 80%. The book Leukemia, written by an international team has covered many of these achievements. It provides the most up-to-date information on important topics such as the new 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of hematolymphoid tumors, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, minimal residual disease, pharmacogenomics, diagnostic use of flow cytometry, and gives updates on several interesting leukemia entities such as infant leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes, secondary acute myeloid leukemia, and myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFRA rearrangement. This book will be of great value to a wide audience seeking information in the leukemia field either for clinical purposes or research purposes.
Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tubes (CFFTs) have attracted interest for their structural applications in corrosive environments. However, a weak interfacial strength between the ...fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube and the concrete infill may develop due to concrete shrinkage and inadequate concrete compaction during concrete casting, which will destroy the confinement effect and thereby reduce the load bearing capacity of a CFFT. In this paper, the lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) method was adopted to assess the concrete infill condition of CFFTs. The basic idea of this method is that the velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagation in the FRP material is about half of that in concrete material. Any voids or debonding created along the interface between the FRP tube and the concrete will delay the arrival time between the pairs of PZT transducers. A comparison of the arrival times of the PZT pairs between the intact and the defected CFFT was made to assess the severity of the voids or the debonding. The feasibility of the methodology was analyzed using a finite-difference time-domain-based numerical simulation. Experiments were setup to validate the numerical results, which showed good agreement with the numerical findings. The results showed that the ultrasonic time-of-flight method is able to detect the concrete infill condition of CFFTs.
The current satellite network traffic forecasting methods cannot fully exploit the long correlation between satellite traffic sequences, which leads to large network traffic forecasting errors and ...low forecasting accuracy. To solve these problems, we propose a satellite network traffic forecasting method with an improved gate recurrent unit (GRU). This method combines the attention mechanism with GRU neural network, fully mines the characteristics of self-similarity and long correlation among traffic data sequences, pays attention to the importance of traffic data and hidden state, learns the time-dependent characteristics of input sequences, and mines the interdependent characteristics of data sequences to improve the prediction accuracy. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to obtain the best network model Hyperparameter and improve the prediction efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method has the best fitting effect with real traffic data, and the errors are reduced by 26.9%, 37.2%, and 57.8% compared with the GRU, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Fractional Autoregressive Integration Moving Average (FARIMA) models, respectively.
Corrosion of concrete reinforcement members has been recognized as a predominant structural deterioration mechanism for steel reinforced concrete structures. Many corrosion detection techniques have ...been developed for reinforced concrete structures, but a dependable one is more than desired. Acoustic emission technique and fiber optic sensing have emerged as new tools in the field of structural health monitoring. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental investigation on corrosion monitoring of a steel reinforced mortar block through combined acoustic emission and fiber Bragg grating strain measurement. Constant current was applied to the mortar block in order to induce accelerated corrosion. The monitoring process has two aspects: corrosion initiation and crack propagation. Propagation of cracks can be captured through corresponding acoustic emission whereas the mortar expansion due to the generation of corrosion products will be monitored by fiber Bragg grating strain sensors. The results demonstrate that the acoustic emission sources comes from three different types, namely, evolution of hydrogen bubbles, generation of corrosion products and crack propagation. Their corresponding properties are also discussed. The results also show a good correlation between acoustic emission activity and expansive strain measured on the specimen surface.
PDF
