Well-defined nanoporous palladium (np-Pd) fabricated by a modified electrochemical dealloying procedure is demonstrated to be an excellent electrocatalyst material for reductive degradation of both ...carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene.
An echo-state network (ESN) is an effective alternative to gradient methods for training recurrent neural network. However, it is difficult to determine the structure (mainly the reservoir) of the ...ESN to match with the given application. In this paper, a growing ESN (GESN) is proposed to design the size and topology of the reservoir automatically. First, the GESN makes use of the block matrix theory to add hidden units to the existing reservoir group by group, which leads to a GESN with multiple subreservoirs. Second, every subreservoir weight matrix in the GESN is created with a predefined singular value spectrum, which ensures the echo-sate property of the ESN without posterior scaling of the weights. Third, during the growth of the network, the output weights of the GESN are updated in an incremental way. Moreover, the convergence of the GESN is proved. Finally, the GESN is tested on some artificial and real-world time-series benchmarks. Simulation results show that the proposed GESN has better prediction performance and faster leaning speed than some ESNs with fixed sizes and topologies.
The analysis of influencing factors serves as the cornerstone for the research on smart community construction. Drawing upon both field research and extensive literature study, this paper explores ...the influencing factors of China's smart community construction and its effective paths by taking 52 national pilot zones for community governance and service innovation in China as examples. In the constructed analytical framework of influencing factors, elements such as economic development, capital investment, information infrastructure, community governance, public support system, and smart platform are included. By the use of the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method, the results of the study show that community governance, public support system, and smart platform are necessary conditions for smart community construction, while economic development, capital investment and information infrastructure play a leading role in the four combined paths. Finally, this study provides a new perspective for theoretical research, a reference forgovernmental departments to make decisions, and experience for the construction of smart communities in other developing countries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Using data for Chinese commercial banks from 2000 to 2014, this paper examines the effects of economic policy uncertainty(EPU) on banks’ credit risks and lending decisions. The results reveal ...significantly positive connections among EPU and non-performing loan ratios, loan concentrations and the normal loan migration rate. This indicates that EPU increases banks’ credit risks and negatively influences loan size, especially for joint-equity banks. Given the increasing credit risks generated by EPU, banks can improve operational performance by reducing loan sizes. Further research indicates that the effects of EPU on banks’ credit risks and lending decisions are moderated by the marketization level, with financial depth moderating the effect on banks’ credit risks and strengthening it on lending decisions.
Handwritten digits recognition is a challenging problem in recent years. Although many deep learning-based classification algorithms are studied for handwritten digits recognition, the recognition ...accuracy and running time still need to be further improved. In this paper, an adaptive deep Q-learning strategy is proposed to improve accuracy and shorten running time for handwritten digit recognition. The adaptive deep Q-learning strategy combines the feature-extracting capability of deep learning and the decision-making of reinforcement learning to form an adaptive Q-learning deep belief network (Q-ADBN). First, Q-ADBN extracts the features of original images using an adaptive deep auto-encoder (ADAE), and the extracted features are considered as the current states of Q-learning algorithm. Second, Q-ADBN receives Q-function (reward signal) during recognition of the current states, and the final handwritten digits recognition is implemented by maximizing the Q-function using Q-learning algorithm. Finally, experimental results from the well-known MNIST dataset show that the proposed Q-ADBN has a superiority to other similar methods in terms of accuracy and running time.
Low-rate Denial of service (LDoS) attacks has become one of the biggest threats to the Internet, cloud computing platforms, and big data centers. As an evolutionary species of DDoS attack, LDoS ...attack is essentially different from the DDoS attack. DDoS attacks are the behavior of malicious blocking legitimate network traffic by destroying the targets and the infrastructure around it with huge network traffic. While, LDoS attacks are the behavior of intentional degrading the quality of TCP links by throttling TCP flows to a small fraction of its ideal rate with periodic small pulse sequence. Hence, LDoS attack has a very small flow (around 10%-20% of the background traffic), it is easy to eluding the detection of routers and counter-DoS mechanisms. We try to reveal the mechanism of the LDoS attack and attempt to figure out the generation principle of LDoS attack in this paper. We classify the LDoS attacks and existing defense methods according to time domain and frequency domain in which detection and defense are performed. Furthermore, we highlight the filter approach to defense against LDoS attack. The initial purpose of our work is to encourage researchers to study effective ways to detect and defend against LDoS attacks with innovation and aggressiveness.
Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitute novel small non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 24-31 nucleotides in length that often bind to members of the piwi protein family to play regulatory ...roles. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that in addition to the mammalian germline, piRNAs are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner in a variety of human tissues and modulate key signaling pathways at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. In addition, a growing number of studies have shown that piRNA and PIWI proteins, which are abnormally expressed in various cancers, may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. However, the functions of piRNAs in cancer and their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding piRNA biogenetic processes, functions, and emerging roles in cancer, providing new insights regarding the potential applications of piRNAs and piwi proteins in cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Large single crystals serve as an ideal platform for investigating intrinsic material properties and optoelectronic applications. Here we develop a method, namely, room-temperature liquid diffused ...separation induced crystallization that uses silicone oil to separate the solvent from the perovskite precursors, to grow high-quality perovskite single crystals. The growth kinetics of perovskite single crystals using this method is elucidated, and their structural and optoelectronic properties are carefully characterized. The resultant perovskite single crystals, taking CH
NH
PbBr
as an example, exhibit approximately 1 µs lifetime, a low trap density of 4.4 × 10
cm
, and high yield of 92%, which are appealing for visible light or X-ray detection. We hope our findings will be of great significance for the continued advancement of high-quality perovskite single crystals, through a better understanding of growth mechanisms and their deployment in various optoelectronics. The diffused separation induced crystallization strategy presents a major step forward for advancing the field on perovskite single crystals.
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•Trade-offs and synergies among the same types of ESs differed in different region.•The Multiple Ecosystem Services Landscape Index was higher in mountainous areas.•The complex ...relationship of different region requires different measures.
Understanding the dynamic change and interrelations among multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for the sustainable development of economy and nature, especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration, which is an important capital economic circle and ecological barrier in northern China. In BTH, the spatio-temporal analyses of ESs dynamics were quantified using different models, and their interrelations (i.e., trade-offs and synergies) were analyzed using the partial correlation analysis at the pixel scale. Further, a Multiple Ecosystem Services Landscape Index (MESLI) was built to discuss the integrated capacity and efficiency of ESs. The results were as follows: (1) The inter-annual variation of MESLI was significantly different in each ecological regions. The MESLI of Bashang Plateau (R-A) and Yanshan-Taihang Mountains (R-B) showed increasing trend, while decreased in Beijing-Tianjin-Xiongan Urban Agglomeration (R-C) and the agricultural region of North China Plain (R-D). Both net primary production and water conservation increased during 2000–2015, while habitat quality declined linearly, but promoted to 0.60 during 2016–2018. (2) The MESLI and single ES were high in R-B due to the high vegetation coverage, which benefited from continuous ecological engineering in this region. The low above indexes in R-C and R-D was attributed to the destruction of natural ecosystem caused by agricultural development and urban sprawl. (3) The spatial synergies among ESs were normally well in the northern Yanshan Mountain, while the trade-offs were obvious in the southern Hebei Plain, and the relationship of trade-offs and synergies among ESs in Bashang Plateaus and Beijing-Tianjin-Xiongan urban agglomeration demonstrated uniform distribution. The spatial correlation and differentiation should be considered in policy-making of regional ecosystem management.
Peroxisomes play vital roles in plant growth, development, and environmental stress response. During plant development and in response to environmental stresses, the number and morphology of ...peroxisomes are dynamically regulated to maintain peroxisome homeostasis in cells. To execute their various functions in the cell, peroxisomes associate and communicate with other organelles. Under stress conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in peroxisomes and other organelles activate signal transduction pathways, in a process known as retrograde signaling, to synergistically regulate defense systems. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the plant peroxisome field to provide an overview of peroxisome biogenesis, degradation, crosstalk with other organelles, and their role in response to environmental stresses.
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