Planar optics constructed from subwavelength artificial atoms have been suggested as a route to the physical realization of steganography with controlled intrinsic redundancy at single-pixel levels. ...Unfortunately, two-dimensional geometries with uniform flat profiles offer limited structural redundancy and make it difficult to create advanced crypto-information in multiplexed physical divisions. Here, we reveal that splashing three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanovolcanoes could allow for a steganographic strategy in angular anisotropy, with high resolution, full coloration, and transient control of structural profiles. Highly reproducible 3D morphologies of volcanic nanosplashes are demonstrated by creating a standardized recipe of laser parameters. Such single nanovolcanoes can be well controlled individually at different splashing stages and thus provide a lithography-free fashion to access various spectral responses of angularly coordinated transverse and vertical modes, leading to the full-range coloration. This chip-scale demonstration of steganographic color images in angular anisotropy unfolds a long-ignored scheme for structured metasurfaces and thereby provides a paradigm for information security and anticounterfeiting.
In this paper, a novel class of stochastic coupled systems with Lévy noise on networks (SCSLNNs) is presented. Both white noise and Lévy noise are considered in the networks. By exploiting graph ...theory and Lyapunov stability theory, criteria ensuring pth moment exponential stability and stability in probability of these SCSLNNs are established, respectively. These principles are closely related to the topology of the network and the perturbation intensity of white noise and Lévy noise. Moreover, to verify the theoretical results, stochastic coupled oscillators with Lévy noise on a network and stochastic Volterra predator-prey system with Lévy noise are performed. Finally, a numerical example about oscillators' network is provided to illustrate the feasibility of our analytical results.
The role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in disease pathogenesis is unclear. We show that HERV-K is activated in a subpopulation of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ...and that its envelope (env) protein may contribute to neurodegeneration. The virus was expressed in cortical and spinal neurons of ALS patients, but not in neurons from control healthy individuals. Expression of HERV-K or its env protein in human neurons caused retraction and beading of neurites. Transgenic animals expressing the env gene developed progressive motor dysfunction accompanied by selective loss of volume of the motor cortex, decreased synaptic activity in pyramidal neurons, dendritic spine abnormalities, nucleolar dysfunction, and DNA damage. Injury to anterior horn cells in the spinal cord was manifested by muscle atrophy and pathological changes consistent with nerve fiber denervation and reinnervation. Expression of HERV-K was regulated by TAR (trans-activation responsive) DNA binding protein 43, which binds to the long terminal repeat region of the virus. Thus, HERV-K expression within neurons of patients with ALS may contribute to neurodegeneration and disease pathogenesis.
In budding yeast, the mitotic exit network (MEN), a GTPase signaling cascade, integrates spatial and temporal cues to promote exit from mitosis. This signal integration requires transmission of a ...signal generated on the cytoplasmic face of spindle pole bodies (SPBs; yeast equivalent of centrosomes) to the nucleolus, where the MEN effector protein Cdc14 resides. Here, we show that the MEN activating signal at SPBs is relayed to Cdc14 in the nucleolus through the dynamic localization of its terminal kinase complex Dbf2-Mob1. Cdc15, the protein kinase that activates Dbf2-Mob1 at SPBs, also regulates its nuclear access. Once in the nucleus, priming phosphorylation of Cfi1/Net1, the nucleolar anchor of Cdc14, by the Polo-like kinase Cdc5 targets Dbf2-Mob1 to the nucleolus. Nucleolar Dbf2-Mob1 then phosphorylates Cfi1/Net1 and Cdc14, activating Cdc14. The kinase-primed transmission of the MEN signal from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus exemplifies how signaling cascades can bridge distant inputs and responses.
Optical activity (OA) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize molecular chirality, explore the stereo-specific structure and study the solution-state conformation of biomolecules, which is ...widely utilized in the fields of molecular chirality, pharmaceutics and analytical chemistry. Due to the considerably weak effect, OA spectral analysis has high demands on measurement speed and sensitivity, especially for organic biomolecules. Moreover, gas-phase OA measurements require higher resolution to resolve Doppler-limited profiles. Here, we show the unmatched potential of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) in magnetic optical activity spectroscopy (MOAS) of gas-phase molecules with the resolution of hundred-MHz level and the high-speed measurement of sub-millisecond level. As a demonstration, we achieved the rapid, high-precision and high-resolution MOAS measurement of the nitrogen dioxide Formula: see text+Formula: see text band and the nitric oxide overtone band, which can be used to analyze fine structure of molecules. Besides, the preliminary demonstration of liquid-phase chiroptical activity (as weak as 10
) has been achieved with several seconds of sampling time, which could become a routine approach enabling ultrafast dynamics analysis of chiral structural conformations.
This paper considers the global stability problem for some stochastic coupled systems on networks (SCSNs). We provide a systematic method for constructing a global Lyapunov function for these SCSNs, ...by using graph theory and the Lyapunov second method. Consequently, a new global stability principle, which has a close relation to the topology property of the network, is given. As an application to the results, we employ the principle to two well-known coupled systems in physical and ecology, and then some easy-verified sufficient conditions which guarantee the global stability are obtained.
The rotational dynamics of a molecule is sensitive to neighboring atoms or molecules, which can be used to probe the intermolecular interactions in the gas phase. Here, we real-time track the ...laser-driven rotational dynamics of a single N
molecule affected by neighboring Ar atoms using coincident Coulomb explosion imaging. We find that the alignment trace of N-N axis decays fast and only persists for a few picoseconds when an Ar atom is nearby. We show that the decay rate depends on the rotational geometry of whether the Ar atom stays in or out of the rotational plane of the N
molecule. Additionally, the vibration of the van der Waals bond is found to be excited through coupling with the rotational N-N axis. The observations are well reproduced by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation after taking the interaction potential between the N
and Ar into consideration. Our results demonstrate that environmental effects on a molecular level can be probed by directly visualizing the rotational dynamics.
Purpose
Increasing data have shown that biochar amendment can improve soil fertility and crop production, but there is little knowledge about whether biochar amendment can improve water infiltration ...in saline soils. We hypothesized that biochar amendment could promote water infiltration in saline soil. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of biochar amendment on water infiltration and find the suitable amendment rate and particle size of biochar as a saline soil conditioner.
Materials and methods
We measured water infiltration parameters in a coastal saline soil (silty loam) amended with non-sieved biochar at different rates (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10%,
w
/
w
) or sieved biochar of different particle sizes (≤ 0.25 mm, 0.25–1 mm, and 1–2 mm) at 1 and 10% (
w
/
w
).
Results and discussion
Compared with the control, amending non-sieved biochar at 10% significantly decreased water infiltration into the saline soil (
P
< 0.05). In contrast, sieved biochar of ≤ 0.25 mm significantly improved water infiltration capacity, irrespective of the amendment rate. Sieved biochar of 1–2 mm was less effective to improve soil porosity and when amended at 10%, it even reduced the water infiltration capacity. The Philip model (
R
2
= 0.983–0.999) had a better goodness-of-fit than the Green-Ampt model (
R
2
= 0.506–0.923) for simulation of cumulative infiltration.
Conclusions
Amending biochar sieved to a small particle size improved water infiltration capacity of the coastal saline soil compared with non-sieved biochar irrespective of the amendment rate. This study contributes toward improving the hydrological property of coastal saline soil and rationally applying biochar in the field.
Aberrant methylation of the global genome has been investigated as a prognostic indicator in various cancers, but the results are controversial and ambiguous.
This meta-analysis presents pooled ...estimates of the evidence to elucidate this issue. We searched the electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane library (up to August 2013) to identify all of the relevant studies. The association between the level of surrogates' indexes of genome-wide hypomethylation (LINE-1, Alu and Sat-α) and the overall survival (OS) of cancer patients was examined. In addition, the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to estimate the influences through fixed-effects and random-effects model. Finally, twenty studies with total population of 5447 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that the summary HRs for the studies employing LINE-1, Alu, and Sat-α repetitive elements also show that the global DNA hypomethylation have significant desirable effects on the tumour prognostic value. The pooled HRs (and CIs) of LINE-1, Alu and Sat-α were 1.83 (1.38-2.44), 2.00 (1.16-3.45), and 2.92 (1.04-8.25), with a heterogeneity measure index of I2 (and p-value) shows of 66.6% (p = 0.001), 57.1% (p = 0.053) and 68.2% (p = 0.076) respectively. The meta-regression and subgroup analysis indicated that the percentage of hypomethylated sample of cancer patients is one source of heterogeneity.
Our meta-analysis findings support the hypothesis that the global DNA hypomethylation is associated with a detrimental prognosis in tumour patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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