Learning physical properties of a quantum system is essential for the developments of quantum technologies. However, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle constrains the potential knowledge one can ...simultaneously have about a system in quantum theory. Aside from its fundamental significance, the mathematical characterization of this restriction, known as ‘uncertainty relation’, plays important roles in a wide range of applications, stimulating the formation of tighter uncertainty relations. In this work, we investigate the fundamental limitations of variance-based uncertainty relations, and introduce several ‘near optimal’ bounds for incompatible observables. Our results consist of two morphologically distinct phases: lower bounds that illustrate the uncertainties about measurement outcomes, and the upper bound that indicates the potential knowledge we can gain. Combining them together leads to an
uncertainty interval
, which captures the essence of uncertainties in quantum theory. Finally, we have detailed how to formulate lower bounds for product-form variance-based uncertainty relations by employing entropic uncertainty relations, and hence built a link between different forms of uncertainty relations.
We study the quantification of genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) for general multipartite states. A set of inequalities satisfied by the entanglement of N-partite pure states is derived by ...exploiting the restrictions on entanglement distributions, showing that the bipartite entanglement between each part and its remaining ones cannot exceed the sum of the other partners with their remaining ones. Then a series of triangles, named concurrence triangles, are established corresponding to these inequalities. Proper genuine multipartite entanglement measures are thus constructed by using the geometric mean area of these concurrence triangles, which are non-increasing under local operation and classical communication. The GME measures classify which parts are separable or entangled with the rest ones for non genuine entangled pure states. The GME measures for mixed states are given via the convex roof construction, and a witness to detect the GME of multipartite mixed states is presented by an approach based on state purifications. Detailed examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our GME measures.
•A set of polygamy inequalities is derived by exploiting the restrictions on entanglement distributions.•GME measure is established based on the geometric mean area of concurrence triangles.•The GME measures classify the separability of pure states.•A witness to detect the genuine multipartite mixed states is presented.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs with transcript lengths exceeding 200 nt. lncRNAs suppress or promote cancer mainly by regulating gene expression. The aim of this study ...was to explore the role of lncRNAs activated in metastatic PCa (lncAMPC) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Total RNAs were isolated from NPC and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 60 NPC patients and subjected to RT-qPCR to analyze differential expression of lncAMPC and miR-214. The roles of lncAMPC and miR-214 in regulating PTEN expression were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the BrdU assay. The results showed that lncAMPC was overexpressed in NPC tissues and was localized in both nuclei and cytoplasms of NPC cells. MiR-214 was positively correlated with lncAMPC. LncAMPC overexpression upregulated miR-214 and indirectly downregulated PTEN via miR-214. BrdU incorporation assay showed that lncAMPC and miR-214 overexpression increased cell proliferation. PTEN overexpression completely reversed the promoting effects of lncAMPC and miR-214 overexpression on cell proliferation. Therefore, lncAMPC might downregulate PTEN via miR-214 to increase NPC cell proliferation.
Hydrogenolysis of carbon–oxygen bonds is a versatile synthetic method, of which hydrogenolysis of bioderived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to furanic fuels is especially attractive. However, ...low-temperature hydrogenolysis (in particular over non-noble catalysts) is challenging. Herein, nickel nanoparticles (NPs) inlaid nickel phyllosilicate (NiSi-PS) are presented for efficient hydrogenolysis of HMF to yield furanic fuels at 130–150 °C, being much superior with impregnated Ni/SiO2 catalysts prepared from the same starting materials. NiSi-PS also shows a 2-fold HMF conversion intrinsic rate and 3-fold hydrogenolysis rate compared with the impregnated Ni/SiO2. The superior performance originated from the synergy of highly dispersed nickel NPs and substantially formed acid sites due to coordinatively unsaturated Ni (II) sites located at the remnant nickel phyllosilicate structure, as revealed by detailed characterizations. The model reactions over the other reference catalysts further highlighted the metal–acid synergy for hydrogenolysis reactions. NiSi-PS can also efficiently catalyze low-temperature hydrogenolysis of bioderived furfural and 5-methylfurfural, demonstrating a great potential for other hydrogenolysis reactions.
We adopt a continuous model to estimate the Grothendieck constants. An analytical formula to compute the lower bounds of Grothendieck constants has been explicitly derived for arbitrary orders, which ...improves previous bounds. Moreover, our lower bound of the Grothendieck constant of order three gives a refined bound of the threshold value for the nonlocality of the two-qubit Werner states.
We study the optimal quantum control of heteronuclear two-qubit systems described by a Hamiltonian containing both nonlocal internal drift and local control terms. We derive an explicit formula to ...compute the minimum time required to steer the system from an initial state to a specified final state. As applications the minimal time to implement Controlled-NOT gate, SWAP gate and Controlled-U gate is calculated in detail. The experimental realizations of these quantum gates are explicitly presented.
The quantum measurement incompatibility is a distinctive feature of quantum mechanics. We investigate the incompatibility of a set of general measurements and classify the incompatibility by the ...hierarchy of compatibilities of its subsets. By using the approach of adding noises to measurement operators, we present a complete classification of the incompatibility of a given measurement assemblage with
members. Detailed examples are given for the incompatibility of unbiased qubit measurements based on a semidefinite program.
Fifteen oil seepage and solid bitumen samples in the Southern Guizhou Depression were analyzed with GC-MS. Characteristics of molecular markers and carbon isotopes are discussed systemically. The ...results showed that the oil seepage and solid bitumen samples in the Southern Guizhou Depression could be divided into two families： Ordovician and Siluric samples, and Permian samples. The two families are different in alkanes distribution, biomarkers, aromatic hydrocarbon composition, and stable carbon isotopes; differences mainly caused by source rock variation.
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