This paper is concerned with the adaptive decentralized fault-tolerant tracking control problem for a class of uncertain interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown strong interconnections. An ...algebraic graph theory result is introduced to address the considered interconnections. In addition, to achieve the desirable tracking performance, a neural-network-based robust adaptive decentralized fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is given to compensate the actuator faults and system uncertainties. Furthermore, via the Lyapunov analysis method, it is proven that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop system are semiglobally bounded, and the tracking errors of each subsystem exponentially converge to a compact set, whose radius is adjustable by choosing different controller design parameters. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed FTC approach are illustrated with two simulated examples.
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian clock coherence through intercellular coupling, which is resistant to environmental perturbations. We report that primary cilia are required for ...intercellular coupling among SCN neurons to maintain the robustness of the internal clock in mice. Cilia in neuromedin S-producing (NMS) neurons exhibit pronounced circadian rhythmicity in abundance and length. Genetic ablation of ciliogenesis in NMS neurons enabled a rapid phase shift of the internal clock under jet-lag conditions. The circadian rhythms of individual neurons in cilia-deficient SCN slices lost their coherence after external perturbations. Rhythmic cilia changes drive oscillations of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling and clock gene expression. Inactivation of Shh signaling in NMS neurons phenocopied the effects of cilia ablation. Thus, cilia-Shh signaling in the SCN aids intercellular coupling.
This paper is concerned with the problem of adaptive fault-tolerant synchronization control of a class of complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with actuator faults and unknown coupling weights. The ...considered input distribution matrix is assumed to be an arbitrary matrix, instead of a unit one. Within this framework, an adaptive fault-tolerant controller is designed to achieve synchronization for the CDN. Moreover, a convex combination technique and an important graph theory result are developed, such that the rigorous convergence analysis of synchronization errors can be conducted. In particular, it is shown that the proposed fault-tolerant synchronization control approach is valid for the CDN with both time-invariant and time-varying coupling weights. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Abstract
Background
Novel endoscopic techniques used in the treatment of gastric lesions with local submucosal fibrosis need preclinical evaluation and training due to safety limitations. Therefore, ...the purpose of our study was to establish an animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions and assess its feasibility in the evaluation and training of endoscopic techniques.
Methods
In six experimental beagles, a 50% glucose solution was injected into three submucosal areas of the fundus, body, and antrum of the stomach to create gastric local fibrotic target lesions (experimental group). On post-injection day (PID) 7, the injection sites were assessed endoscopically to confirm the presence of submucosal fibrosis formation, and the dental floss clip traction assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (DFC-ESD) procedure was performed on the gastric local fibrotic target lesions to confirm its feasibility after endoscopic observation. The normal gastric mucosa of six control beagles underwent the same procedure (control group). All the resected specimens were evaluated by histological examination.
Results
All 12 beagles survived without postoperative adverse events. On PID 7, 16 ulcer changes were observed at the injection sites (16/18) under the endoscope, and endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed the local submucosal fibrosis formation in all ulcer lesions. The subsequent DFC-ESD was successfully performed on the 32 gastric target lesions, and the mean submucosal dissection time in the ulcer lesions was greater than that in the normal gastric mucosa (15.3 ± 5.6 vs. 6.8 ± 0.8 min;
P
< 0.001). There was no difference in rates of en bloc resection, severe hemorrhage, or perforation between the two groups. Histological analysis of the ulcer lesions showed the absence of epithelial or muscularis mucosae and extensive submucosal fibrous tissue proliferations compared with normal gastric mucosa. Overall, endoscopists had high satisfaction with the realism and feasibility of the animal model.
Conclusion
We developed a novel animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions to simulate difficult clinical situations, which strongly appeared to be suitable for the preclinical evaluation and learning of advanced endoscopic techniques.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Microbial fermentation is the key factor controlling the quality of dark tea.•Serial reactions modify the chemical constituents of tea leaves during fermentation.•Multi-omics approaches are used to ...reveal microbial impact on dark tea quality.
Dark tea is a unique fermented tea produced by solid-state fermentation of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). It includes ripe Pu-erh tea, Fu brick tea, Liupao tea, and other teas. Microbial fermentation is considered to be the key factor controlling the quality of dark tea. It involves a series of reactions that modify the chemical constituents of tea leaves. These chemical conversions during microbial fermentation of dark tea are associated with a variety of functional core microorganisms. Further, Multi-omics approaches have been used to reveal the microbial impact on the conversion of the chemical components in dark tea. In the present review, we provide an overview of the most recent advances in the knowledge of the microbial bioconversion of the chemical components in dark tea, including the chemical composition of dark tea, microbial community composition and dynamics during the fermentation process, and the role of microorganisms in biotransformation of chemical constituents.
This article is concerned with the data-driven attack detection problem for cyber-physical systems with the actuator attacks and measurement noise. In most of existing data-driven detection methods, ...<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_\infty</tex-math></inline-formula> index is used to characterize the sensitivity performance. It is well-known that compared with the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_\infty</tex-math></inline-formula> index, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_-</tex-math></inline-formula> index can significantly improve the diagnostic performance. However, the detection system design based on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_-/H_\infty</tex-math></inline-formula> mixed optimization technique has not been solved within the data-driven framework. In this article, a residual generator is constructed from the available input-output (I/O) data. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_\infty</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_-</tex-math></inline-formula> indices are defined from the viewpoint of time-domain to characterize the robustness of residual generator against measurement noise and sensitivity to attack signals, respectively. In particular, a novel weighting system, which is expressed as an I/O model, is designed to transform the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_-</tex-math></inline-formula> performance into an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_\infty</tex-math></inline-formula> constraint, and the detection system design problem based on <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_-/H_\infty</tex-math></inline-formula> mixed optimization technique is finally formulated into a constraint-type optimization one, which can be solved by the classical Lagrange multiplier method. Also, the proposed detection method is applied to a networked dc servo motor system to verify its advantages and effectiveness.
An efficient and readily scalable thioetherification between 1,1‐diphenylethene (DPE) and sodium arylsulfinate was developed for the synthesis of 1,1‐diphenylvinylsulfide (DPVS) with the yield up to ...99 %. The photophysical properties of DPVS show that the introduction of arylsulfenyl groups onto the parent molecule DPE makes DPVS a novel type of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen (AIEgen) with large Stoke's shift (up to 188 nm). These DPVS possess AIE properties due to restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM), as demonstrated by crystal structure analysis. Importantly, the AIE performance of DPVS can be applied to sense the nitroaromatic explosive picric acid in aqueous systems through a “turn‐off” response.
A simple thioetherification between 1,1‐diphenylethene as an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐imparting unit and sodium sulfinates provides a new route for the conversion of compounds with aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) properties into AIE luminogens. This reaction delivers up to 99 % yield under mild conditions without additional oxidant, and gives access to novel trisubstituted‐ethene‐type AIEgens with potential for use in sensing applications.
Plastome (plastid genome) sequences provide valuable information for understanding the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of plants. Although the rapid development of high-throughput ...sequencing technology has led to an explosion of plastome sequences, annotation remains a significant bottleneck for plastomes. User-friendly batch annotation of multiple plastomes is an urgent need.
We introduce Plastid Genome Annotator (PGA), a standalone command line tool that can perform rapid, accurate, and flexible batch annotation of newly generated target plastomes based on well-annotated reference plastomes. In contrast to current existing tools, PGA uses reference plastomes as the query and unannotated target plastomes as the subject to locate genes, which we refer to as the reverse query-subject BLAST search approach. PGA accurately identifies gene and intron boundaries as well as intron loss. The program outputs GenBank-formatted files as well as a log file to assist users in verifying annotations. Comparisons against other available plastome annotation tools demonstrated the high annotation accuracy of PGA, with little or no post-annotation verification necessary. Likewise, we demonstrated the flexibility of reference plastomes within PGA by annotating the plastome of
using that of
as a reference. The program, user manual and example data sets are freely available at https://github.com/quxiaojian/PGA.
PGA facilitates rapid, accurate, and flexible batch annotation of plastomes across plants. For projects in which multiple plastomes are generated, the time savings for high-quality plastome annotation are especially significant.
Metastasis is a well-known poor prognostic factor in cancer. However, the mechanisms how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Besides, ...tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor progression, yet the contribution of lncRNA-mediated crosstalk between TAMs and CRC cells to tumor progression is not well understood. In this study, we report that lncRNA RPPH1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues, and the RPPH1 overexpression was associated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis. RPPH1 was found to promote CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RPPH1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells via interacting with β-III tubulin (TUBB3) to prevent its ubiquitination. Furthermore, CRC cell-derived exosomes transported RPPH1 into macrophages which mediate macrophage M2 polarization, thereby in turn promoting metastasis and proliferation of CRC cells. In addition, exosomal RPPH1 levels in blood plasma turned out to be higher in treatment-naive CRC patients but lower after tumor resection. Compared to CEA and CA199, exosomal RPPH1 in CRC plasma displayed a better diagnostic value (AUC = 0.86). Collectively, RPPH1 serves as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target in CRC.
This paper is concerned with the problem of synchronization control of complex dynamical networks (CDN) subject to nonlinear couplings and uncertainties. An fuzzy logical system-based adaptive ...distributed controller is designed to achieve the synchronization. The asymptotic convergence of synchronization errors is analyzed by combining algebraic graph theory and Lyapunov theory. In contrast to the existing results, the proposed synchronization control method is applicable for the CDN with system uncertainties and unknown topology. Especially, the considered uncertainties are allowed to occur in the node local dynamics as well as in the interconnections of different nodes. In addition, it is shown that a unified controller design framework is derived for the CDN with or without coupling delays. Finally, simulations on a Chua's circuit network are provided to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
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