A group of crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAM-co-AAc)) microgels with different amount of acrylic acid (AAc) were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. ...The morphology and environmental sensitivity were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM). It was founded that the microgel particles were monodispersed and the diameter of the dried microgel latex particles was about 800nm. Moreover, the volume of the microgel particles decreased as the environmental temperature increased from 15ºC to 50ºC, which revealed the temperature-sensitivity of P(NIPAM-co-AAc)) microgel.
During the period 1979–2019, the interannual variation of summer rainfall in Hong Kong (HK), located on the South China coast, is weakly correlated with tropical forcing, including the El ...Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Instead, HK summer rainfall is strongly correlated with the mid-latitude circulation over the Urals and the preceding spring sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Atlantic (SST-Atl). The above relationship is stronger in negative ENSO summers, where the SST-Atl anomaly tends to persist from spring to summer. The persistence of the warm SST-Atl anomaly is associated with a Rossby wave train propagating from the North Atlantic to East Asia, with a low over the Urals and a high over the high latitudes of Asia. Correspondingly, the upper-tropospheric westerly jet in East Asia becomes stronger and shifts southward toward South China. The enhanced westerly wind over South China is accompanied by an anomalous Philippine Sea anticyclone, which transports more water vapor to the South China coast and causes more rainfall in HK. On the other hand, during positive ENSO summers, HK summer rainfall is affected by variation in the subtropical westerly jet over South China, which is related to water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. This is also associated with a height anomaly over northeastern China and the spring sub-polar North Atlantic SST. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impact of mid-latitude forcing on summer rainfall on the South China coast.
The conversion of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes improves their thermogenesis and promotes energy consumption. Epigenetic modifications affect related genes and interfere with energy ...metabolism, and these are the basis of new ideas for obesity treatment. Neonatal mice show high levels of DNA hypermethylation in white adipose tissue early in life and low levels in brown adipose tissue. Thus, we considered that the regulation of DNA methylation may play a role in the conversion of white adipose to brown. We observed growth indicators, lipid droplets of adipocytes, brown fat specific protein, and miRNA-133a after treatment with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine. The expression of Prdm16 and Ucp-1 in adipocytes was detected after inhibiting miRNA-133a. The results showed a decrease in total lipid droplet formation and an increased expression of the brown fat specific proteins Prdm16 and Ucp-1. This study indicated that 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine promotes white adipocyte browning following DNA demethylation, possibly via the modulation of miR-133a and Prdm16.
Background
The understanding of the heterogeneous cellular microenvironment of colonic polyps in paediatric patients with solitary juvenile polyps (SJPs), polyposis syndrome (PJS) and Peutz–Jeghers ...syndrome (PJS) remains limited.
Methods
We conducted single‐cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) analyses on both normal colonic tissue and different types of colonic polyps obtained from paediatric patients.
Results
We identified both shared and disease‐specific cell subsets and expression patterns that played important roles in shaping the unique cellular microenvironments observed in each polyp subtype. As such, increased myeloid, endothelial and epithelial cells were the most prominent features of SJP, JPS and PJS polyps, respectively. Noticeably, memory B cells were increased, and a cluster of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like colonocytes existed across all polyp subtypes. Abundant neutrophil infiltration was observed in SJP polyps, while CX3CR1hi CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were predominant in SJP and JPS polyps, while GZMAhi natural killer T cells were predominant in PJS polyps. Compared with normal colonic tissues, myeloid cells exhibited specific induction of genes involved in chemotaxis and interferon‐related pathways in SJP polyps, whereas fibroblasts in JPS polyps had upregulation of myofiber‐associated genes and epithelial cells in PJS polyps exhibited induction of a series of nutrient absorption‐related genes. In addition, the TNF‐α response was uniformly upregulated in most cell subsets across all polyp subtypes, while endothelial cells and fibroblasts separately showed upregulated cell adhesion and EMT signalling in SJP and JPS polyps. Cell–cell interaction network analysis showed markedly enhanced intercellular communication, such as TNF, VEGF, CXCL and collagen signalling networks, among most cell subsets in polyps, especially SJP and JPS polyps.
Conclusion
These findings strengthen our understanding of the heterogeneous cellular microenvironment of polyp subtypes and identify potential therapeutic approaches to reduce the recurrence of polyps in children.
Single‐cell profiling of colonic polyps from pediatric patients with SJP, JPS or PJS.
Our results systematically provide a detailed atlas of the cellular microenvironments of SJP, JPS, and PJS polyps in pediatric patients.
This study provides a valuable resource which can facilitate exploration of the pathogenesis of colonic polyps and identify novel therapeutic targets in the future
.
Nuciferine, a major aporphine alkaloid obtained from the leaves of
Nelumbo nucifera
, exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its protective effects against inflammatory bowel ...diseases (IBD) has never been explored. In this study, an ulcerative colitis (UC) model was established in BALb/c mice by the continuous administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 1 week. From day 8 to day 14, the DSS-treated mice were divided into a high-dose and a low-dose nuciferine treatment group and were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding dose of the drug. Body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), and colon length were measured. Histological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. T lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The ratio of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells were estimated by flow cytometry. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to compare the composition and relative abundance of the gut microbiota among the different treatment groups. The results showed that nuciferine treatment led to a significant improvement in symptoms, such as histological injury and colon shortening in mice with DSS-induced UC. Nuciferine treatment improved the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 balance in the DSS-induced IBD model, as well as the composition of the intestinal microflora. At the phylum level, compared with the control group, the abundance of
Firmicutes
and
Actinobacteriota
was decreased in the model group, whereas that of Bacteroidetes increased. Meanwhile, at the genus level, compared with the control group, the numbers of the genera Lachnospiraceae_
Clostridium, Bilophila
and
Halomonas
reduced in the model group, while those of
Bacteroides, Parabacteroides
, and
Paraprevotella
increased. Notably, nuciferine administration reversed this DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. These results indicated that nuciferine modulates gut microbiota homeostasis and immune function in mice with DSS-induced UC.
Abstract
The rainy season over southern China (SC) begins with the onset of the South China Sea monsoon around mid-May. We demonstrate here that the SC precipitation exhibits a notable drying ...(wetting) trend prior to (after) the monsoon onset, leading to a more abrupt thus amplified hydrological transition over SC in early summer. The contrasting precipitation trends are largely driven by the recent decline in mid-latitude synoptic eddy activity. Weakened mid-latitude synoptic disturbances suppress SC frontal activities before the monsoon onset, facilitating the drying trend, and enhance the spatial stationarity of the SC monsoonal front after the monsoon onset, leading to the wetting trend. CMIP6 models in general fail to capture the contrasting trends between the two periods. In models where both the trends in precipitation and mid-latitude synoptic eddy activity are well captured, the amplification of the hydrological transition over SC is projected to continue well into the late 21
st
century. Our results highlight the footprints of hemispheric-scale climate change in regional hydroclimate and the obvious challenges faced by climate models in capturing such footprints.
Histone acetylation is a well-characterized epigenetic modification controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Imbalanced histone acetylation has been observed ...in many primary cancers. Therefore, efforts have been made to find drugs or small molecules such as HDAC inhibitors that can revert acetylation levels to normal in cancer cells. We observed dose-dependent reduction in the endogenous and exogenous protein expression levels of KAT8 (also known as human MOF), a member of the MYST family of HATs, and its corresponding histone acetylation at H4K5, H4K8, and H4K16 in chemotherapy drug gemcitabine (GEM)-exposed T24 bladder cancer (BLCA) cells. Interestingly, the reduction in MOF and histone H4 acetylation was inversely proportional to GEM-induced γH2AX, an indicator of chemotherapy drug effectiveness. Furthermore, pGL4-MOF-Luc reporter activities were significantly inhibited by GEM, thereby suggesting that GEM utilizes an MOF-mediated anti-BLCA mechanism of action. In the CCK-8, wound healing assays and Transwell® experiments, the additive effects on cell proliferation and migration were observed in the presence of exogenous MOF and GEM. In addition, the promoted cell sensitivity to GEM by exogenous MOF in BLCA cells was confirmed using an Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Taken together, our results provide the theoretical basis for elucidating the anti-BLCA mechanism of GEM.
Our aim was to study the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on iNOS and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) of hepatic fibrosis rat, and discuss the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism of caffeic ...acid phenethyl ester.
We observed changes of NO and H2S in serum of hepatic fibrosis rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test OD value of iNOS and CSE in serum of each. The expressions of iNOS and CSE protein in the liver were also detected by immunohistochemistry.
Compared with the model group, the expression of NO and iNOS was decreased obviously and the level of H2S and CSE was increased in the CAPE group.
CAPE has the effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis, which can be realized through adjusting the expression level of iNOS and CSE.
This study investigates the variations and feedback attributions of changes in surface temperature between strong and weak East Asian winter monsoons. The variations of winter-mean surface air ...temperature are dominated by two distinct principal modes that account for 70.9% of the total variance. The first mode features high correlation with the high-latitude atmospheric circulation, including a correlation coefficient of −0.53 with the Arctic Oscillation in January, and the second mode is significantly linked to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, with a correlation coefficient of −0.37. The surface temperature anomalies of each mode are decomposed into partial temperature anomalies resulting from radiative and nonradiative feedback processes by applying a coupled climate feedback–response analysis method to quantify contributions from thermodynamic and dynamic processes. Results indicate that the surface cooling associated with both modes is mainly attributed to the nonradiative feedback processes of atmospheric dynamics and surface sensible heating and to the radiative feedback processes of water vapor and clouds. The first mode exhibits a deep barotropic anomalous high that weakens the high-latitude westerly jet stream but strengthens the midlatitude westerly jet stream. This circulation feature traps cold and dry air over northern East Asia. For the second mode, the ocean and land heat storage processes induce a large thermal gradient over eastern China and the northwestern Pacific, resulting in a large pressure gradient. Northerly anomalies further reinforce the pressure gradient, which favors cold air intruding southward into the tropics.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hierarchical CoMn
2
O
4
microspheres assembled by nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method and a subsequent annealing treatment. XRD detection indicate the ...crystal structure. SEM and TEM results reveal the 3-dimensional porous and micro-/nanostructural microsphere assembled by nanoparticles with a size of 20-100 nm. The CoMn
2
O
4
electrode show initial specific discharge capacity of approximately 1546 mAh/g at the current rates 100 mA/g with a coulombic efficiency of 66.7% and remarkable specific capacities (1029-485 mAh/g) at various current rates (100-2800 mA/g).
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