Abstract
Many high quality studies have emerged from public databases, such as Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), The ...Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC); however, these data are often characterized by a high degree of dimensional heterogeneity, timeliness, scarcity, irregularity, and other characteristics, resulting in the value of these data not being fully utilized. Data-mining technology has been a frontier field in medical research, as it demonstrates excellent performance in evaluating patient risks and assisting clinical decision-making in building disease-prediction models. Therefore, data mining has unique advantages in clinical big-data research, especially in large-scale medical public databases. This article introduced the main medical public database and described the steps, tasks, and models of data mining in simple language. Additionally, we described data-mining methods along with their practical applications. The goal of this work was to aid clinical researchers in gaining a clear and intuitive understanding of the application of data-mining technology on clinical big-data in order to promote the production of research results that are beneficial to doctors and patients.
Single‐cell and in situ cell‐based operation with nanopipette approach offers a possibility to elucidate the intracellular processes and may aid the improvement of therapy efficiency and precision. ...We present here a photo‐responsive hydrogel‐nanopipette hybrid system that can achieve single‐cell operation with high spatial/temporal resolution and negligible cell damage. This strategy overcomes long‐time obstacles in nanopipette single‐cell studies as high electric potential (ca. 1000 mV) or organic solvent is always used during operations, which would inevitably impose disturbance and damage to targeted cells. The light‐triggered system promotes a potential‐free, non‐invasive single‐cell injection, resulting in a well‐retained cell viability (90 % survival rate). Moreover, the photo‐driven injection enables a precisely dose‐controllable single‐cell drug delivery. Significantly reduced lethal doses of doxorubicin (163–217 fg cell−1) are demonstrated in corresponding cell lines.
The fabrication of photo‐responsive hydrogel‐nanopipette system ensures both precision single‐cell operation and high cell preservation. Upon light‐controlled, non‐invasive operation, a high cell viability over 90 % as well as precise quantification of injection are obtained. Hence, a single‐cell precise‐dosing is achieved with a minimum lethal dose of 163–217 fg cell−1.
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) as a unique photophysical process has been intensively explored for their features in fields from optical sensing, bioimaging to optoelectronic devices. However, ...all AIE luminogens (AIEgens) hardly recover into the initial dispersed state after illuminating at the ultimate aggregated state, which limits AIEgens to achieve reversible sensing and reproducible devices. To real-time manipulate the emission of AIEgen, here we take the advantage of confined space in the quartz nanopore to achieve a nanopore-size-dependent restriction of AIEgens for reversible conversions of "on-to-off" and "off-to-on" emission. By electrochemically manipulating 26 fL AIEgen solution inside nanopore confinement, AIE illuminates while moves along nanopore from the constricted tip to inside cavity at a velocity of 1.4-2.2 μm s
, and vice versa. We further apply this dynamic manipulation for a target delivery of AIEgen into single cells, which opens up new possibility to design powerful and practical AIE applications.
Background
Data on the incidence, mortality, and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy‐makers with the information needed to allocate resources ...appropriately. The purpose of this study was to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results to estimate the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) for oral cancer from 1990 to 2017.
Methods
We collected detailed data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2017 from the GBD 2017. The global incidence, mortality, and DALYs attributable to oral cancer as well as the corresponding age‐standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated. The estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs of incidence (ASRI) and mortality (ASRM) and age‐standardized DALYs of oral cancer were also calculated according to regions and countries to quantify the secular trends in these rates.
Results
We tracked the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of oral cancer in 195 countries/territories over 28 years. Globally, the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of oral cancer increased by about 1.0‐fold from 1990 to 2017. The ASRI of oral cancer showed a similar trend, increasing from 4.41 to 4.84 per 100,000 person‐years during the study period. The ASRM remained approximately stable at about 2.4 per 100,000 from 1990 to 2017, as did the age‐standardized DALYs, at about 64.0 per 100,000 person‐years. ASRI was highest in Pakistan (27.03/100,000, 95% CI = 22.13‐32.75/100,000), followed by Taiwan China, and lowest in Iraq (0.96/100,000, 95% CI = 0.86‐1.06/100,000). ASRM was highest in Pakistan (16.85/100,000, 95% CI = 13.92‐20.17/100,000) and lowest in Kuwait (0.51/100,000, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.58/100,000).
Conclusions
The ASRI of oral cancer has increased slightly worldwide, while the ASRM and age‐standardized DALY have remained stable. However, these characteristics vary between countries, suggesting that current prevention strategies should be reoriented, and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall the increase in oral cancer.
Clarifying the hidden but intrinsic feature of single nanoparticles by nanoelectrochemistry could help understand its potential for diverse applications. The uncontrolled interface and bandwidth ...limitation in the electrochemical measurement put the obstacle in single particle collision. Here, we demonstrate a well‐defined 30 nm nanopore electrode with a rapid chemical‐electrochemical fabrication method which provides a high reproducibility in both size and performance. A capacitance‐based detection mechanism is demonstrated to achieve a high current resolution of 0.6 pA ±0.1 pA (RMS) and a high the temporal resolution of 0.01 ms. By utilizing this electrode, the dynamic interactions of every single particle in the mixture could be directly read during the collision process. The collision frequency is two orders of magnitude higher than previous reports, which helps reveal the hidden features of nanoparticles during the complex and multidimensional interaction processes.
Probing for nanoparticles: A 30 nm confined nanopore electrode (CNE) was fabricated to directly recognize intrinsic collision information of single nanoparticles of different sizes. The rapid method and controlled nanopore dimensions enable a high reproducibility. A new detection mechanism enables 0.01 ms ultrasensitive collision detection with high current resolution and collision frequency.
We have developed a glass nanopore based single molecule tool to investigate the dynamic oligomerization and aggregation process of Aβ1-42 peptides. The intrinsic differences in the molecular size ...and surface charge of amyloid aggregated states could be distinguished through single molecule induced characteristic current fluctuation. More importantly, our results reveal that the neurotoxic Aβ1-42 oligomer tends to adsorb onto the solid surface of nanopores, which may explain its instability and highly neurotoxic features.
We have employed glass nanopore as a single molecule technique for direct sensing amyloidosis process of Aβ1-42 peptide, which of great significance in Alzheimer's disease.
Purpose
Patients with CO intoxication were demonstrated to exhibit white matter (WM) injuries, changes in substantia nigra, dopamine transporter dysfunctions of striatum and Parkinsonism symptoms. We ...aimed to investigate the relationship between WM injuries of dopaminergic pathways and dopamine transporter dysfunctions of the striatum in patients with acute CO intoxication using both diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Materials and methods
Seventeen patients with acute CO intoxication and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. DKI data were acquired from all participants and Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 SPECT scan was performed on each patient. DKI datasets were fitted to obtain axial, radial and mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial, radial and mean kurtosis for voxel-based comparison. In addition, the TRODAT-1 binding ratio of the striatum was calculated using the occipital cortices as a reference. In significant regions, correlational analysis was performed to understand the relationship between DKI indices and TRODAT-1 binding ratio.
Results
The results showed that DKI indices were significantly altered in multiple WM regions broadly involving the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and nigrostriatal pathway. The correlation analysis further revealed significant correlations between DKI indices and the TRODAT-1 binding ratio in the nigrostriatal pathway (absolute correlation coefficients ranged from 0.5992 to 0.6950,
p
<0.05), suggesting that CO-induced early WM injuries were associated with dopamine transporter dysfunctions of striatum.
Conclusion
We concluded that DKI and Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 SPECT scans were helpful in early detection of global WM injuries associated with dysfunctions of dopamine transporter in patients with acute CO intoxication.
Key Points
• Voxel-based diffusion kurtosis imaging analysis was helpful in globally detecting early white matter injuries in patients with acute CO intoxication.
• CO-induced early white matter injuries were broadly located in basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and nigrostriatal pathway.
• Early white matter injuries in dopaminergic pathways were significantly correlated with dopamine transporter dysfunctions of the striatum.
Our study aimed to examine the contribution of commonly used tools, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and develop a formula for conversion ...of these tests in the Chinese population. We also create a predictive model for the detection of Chinese patients' mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We recruited 168 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) from 12 medical centres or teaching hospitals in Taiwan, and each participant received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to find predictors of MCI with the help of a generalized additive model. We found that patients with an MMSE > 25 or a MoCA > 21 were less likely to have MCI. The discrimination powers of the two tests used for detecting MCI were 0.902 and 0.868, respectively, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The best predictive model suggested that patients with a higher MMSE score, delayed recall scores of the 12-item Word Recall Test ≥ 5.817, and no test decline in the visuospatial index were less likely to have MCI (ROC = 0.982). Our findings have clinical utility in MCI detection in Chinese PD and need a larger sample to confirm.
Uterine sarcoma (US) is a rare malignant uterine tumor with aggressive behavior and rapid progression. The purpose of this study was to constructa comprehensive nomogram to predict cancer-specific ...survival (CSS) of patients with US-based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
A retrospective population-based study was conducted using data from patients with US between 2010 and 2015 from the SEER database. They were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort ata 7-to-3 ratio. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Subsequently, a nomogram was established to predict patient CSS. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated by the concordance index (C-index) and the area under the curve (AUC). Finally, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration plotting, and decision-curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the benefits of the new prediction model.
A total of 3861 patients with US were included in our study. As revealed in multivariate Cox analysis, age at diagnosis, race, marital status, insurance record, tumor size, pathology grade, histological type, SEER stage, AJCC stage, surgery status, radiotherapy status, and chemotherapy status were found to be independent prognostic factors. In our nomogram, pathology grade had strongest correlation with CSS, followed by age at diagnosis and surgery status. Compared to the AJCC staging system, the new nomogram showed better predictive discrimination with a higher C-index in the training and validation cohorts (0.796 and 0.767 vs. 0.706 and 0.713, respectively). Furthermore, the AUC value, calibration plotting, NRI, IDI, and DCA also demonstrated better performance than the traditional system.
Our study validated the first comprehensive nomogram for US, which could provide more accurate and individualized survival predictions for US patients in clinical practice.
PDF
