Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes. Recently, disorder of Cu homeostasis can be observed in many malignancies. Elevated Cu levels in ...serum and tissue are correlated with cancer progression. Hence, targeting Cu has emerged as a novel strategy in cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of physiological Cu metabolism and its homeostasis, followed by a discussion of the dysregulation of Cu homeostasis in cancer and the effects of Cu on cancer progression. Finally, recent therapeutic advances using Cu coordination complexes as anticancer agents, as well as the mechanisms of their anti‐cancer action are discussed. This review contributes full comprehension to the role of Cu in cancer and demonstrates the broad application prospect of Cu coordination compounds as potential therapeutic agents.
Copper (Cu) is a trace element necessary in animals as well as human beings. However, excessive Cu is toxic to immunocytes, but the precise mechanism is largely unclear so far. This work was ...conducted aiming to examine the Cu-mediated autophagy mechanism together with its role in Cu toxicology in RAW264.7 cells. Here, we demonstrated that CuSO
reduced the cell viability depending on its dose. CuSO
could obviously increase autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. According to the obtained results, CuSO
induced autophagy through Akt/AMPK/mTOR pathway which characterized by down regulation of p-Akt (Ser473)/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR, p-ULK1(Ser757)/ULK1 and subsequent up-regulation of p-AMPKα/AMPKα and p-ULK1(Ser555)/ULK1. Furthermore, CuSO
significantly induced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). In addition, CuSO
-mediated apoptosis and autophagy might be suppressed through suppressing mtROS generation by exposure to Mito-TEMPO. Intriguingly, autophagy promotion with rapamycin could decrease the apoptosis and the inhibition of autophagy with knock down Atg5 could enhance the apoptosis induced by CuSO
. Moreover, our results suggested that mtROS is the original cause in CuSO
-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, CuSO
induced autophagy through mtROS-dependent Akt/AMPK/mTOR signalling pathwayin RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, autophagy activation might potentially generate a protection mechanism for improving CuSO
-induced RAW264.7 cell apoptosis.
The cellulose/graphene oxide (GO) networks as the scaffold of free-standing aerogel electrodes are developed by using lithium bromide aqueous solution, as the solvent, to ensure the complete ...dissolution of cotton linter pulp and well dispersion/reduction of GO nanosheets. Polyaniline (PANI) nanoclusters are then coated onto cellulose/GO networks via in-situ polymerization of aniline monomers. By optimized weight ratio of GO and PANI, the ternary cellulose/GO
/PANI aerogel film exhibits well-defined three-dimensional porous structures and high conductivity of 1.15 S/cm, which contributes to its high areal specific capacitance of 1218 mF/cm
at the current density of 1.0 mA/cm
. Utilizing this cellulose/GO
/PANI aerogel film as electrodes in a symmetric configuration supercapacitor can result in an outstanding energy density as high as 258.2 µWh/cm
at a power density of 1201.4 µW/cm
. Moreover, the device can maintain nearly constant capacitance under different bending deformations, suggesting its promising applications in flexible electronics.
To investigate the diagnostic value of multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in benign and malignant spinal fractures.
MRI data of patients with pathologically confirmed malignant vertebral ...fractures were retrospectively collected and compared with those with benign vertebral fractures. The image omics features of T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were extracted respectively, and were randomly divided into training and test sets at 8:2. The training set adopted recursive feature elimination method and minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) regression to screen the variables. Three image omics models, T1WI, T2WI and the combination of two sequences, were constructed by logistic regression, and the diagnostic efficiency of each model was verified by the test set. The receiver operating curve evaluated the diagnostic efficiency of the model.
A total of 111 vertebrae with fracture were included in 97 patients, 55 with benign fracture and 56 with malignant fracture. In the training set, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the T1WI model were 0.892, 88.9% and 81.4%, respectively. In T2WI model, the results were 0.924, 82.2% and 95.3%, respectively. The combined models of the two sequences were 0.934, 90.0% and 87.5%, respectively. In the test set, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of T1WI model were 0.877, 80.0% and 92.3%, respectively. In T2WI model, the results were 0.923, 90.0% and 92.3%, respectively. The combined models were 0.933, 100.0% and 87.5%, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of the two-sequence combined image omics model was better than that of the radiologist.
The combined model, incorporating T1WI and T2WI, outperformed single-sequence models in terms of diagnostic accuracy. The integration of multisequence radiomic features provided enhanced texture information, contributing to superior accuracy and efficiency in diagnosing malignant spinal fractures.
Few studies focused on the roles of high glucose combined with high lipid in placental development or fetal growth. This study was designed to investigate the roles of high glucose combined with high ...lipid in mitochondrial dysfunction of JEG-3 cells. We determined the cellular proliferation and apoptosis, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactic acid dehydrogenase in control group, high glucose group, high lipid group, and high glucose and high lipid group, together with the mitochondrial dysfunction, Nrf2, HO-1, SMAC, and cytochrome
(Cyt-
) expression. Significant decrease of SOD and significant elevation of MDA was seen in high glucose and high lipid group compared with the other three groups. There was significant decrease in mitochondrial SMAC and Cyt-
in high glucose group, high lipid group, and high glucose and high lipid group compared with those of control group. Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression in high glucose combined with high lipid group showed significant decrease compared with that of high lipid group or high glucose group. We speculated that combination of high glucose and high lipid induced oxidative stress in JEG-3 cells, and Nrf2/ARE pathway may be related to this process.
We propose a photonic system for instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) of wideband microwave signals with a tunable measurement range and resolution based on a polarization-maintaining fiber ...Bragg grating (PM-FBG). Firstly, in order to be insensitive to laser power fluctuation, we aim at generating two different frequency to amplitude characteristics so that we can normalize them to obtain an amplitude comparison function (ACF). Then we encode these two different wavelengths in two perpendicular polarizations by using the PM-FBG which shows different transmission profiles at two polarizations. The ACF is capable of being adjusted by tuning polarization angle, therefore the measurement range and resolution are tunable. By theoretical analyses and simulated verification, a frequency measurement range of 0~17.2 GHz with average resolution of ±0.12 GHz can be achieved, which signifies a wide measurement range with relatively high resolution. Our system does not require large optical bandwidth for the components because the wavelength spacing can be small, making the system affordable, stable, and reliable with more consistent characteristics due to the narrowband nature of the optical parts. PM-FBG with high integration can be potentially used for more polarization manipulating systems and the use of a single-polarization dual-wavelength laser can simplify the architecture and enhance the stability.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A highly efficient Ruddlesden‐Popper structure anode material with a formula of Sr3Fe1.3Mo0.5Ni0.2O7‐δ (RP‐SFMN) has been developed for hydrocarbon fueled solid oxide fuel cells (HF‐SOFC) ...application. It is demonstrated that a nanostructured RP‐SFMN anode decorated with in‐situ exsolved Ni nanoparticles (Ni@RP‐SFMN) has been successfully prepared by annealing the anode in reducing atmosphere similar to the operating conditions. The phase compositions, valence states, morphologies, and electrocatalytic activities of RP‐SFMN material have been characterized in detail. In addition, the in‐situ exsolution mechanism of the metallic Ni phase from the parent oxide is clearly explained by using density function theory calculation. The peak output power density at 800°C is significantly enhanced from 0.163 to 0.409 W/cm2 while the electrode polarization resistance is effectively lowered from 0.96 to 0.30 Ω cm2 by the substitution of B‐site Fe by Ni, which is attributed to the improved electrocatalytic activities induced by the in‐situ exsolved Ni nanocatalysts. Moreover, the single cell with RP‐SFMN anode exhibits good stability in 3% H2O humidified H2 and syngas for 110 and 60 h at 800°C, respectively. Our findings indicate that RP‐SFMN is a greatly promising anode candidate of HF‐SOFCs due to its good electrochemical performance and stability during the operation.
Metallic Ni nanoparticles decorated Ruddlesden‐Popper type oxide, generated during the operation via the in‐situ exsolution technique, have been verified as an efficient and stable anode for hydrocarbon fueled solid oxide fuel cells because of the excellent electrocatalytic properties of Ni nanocatalysts as well as good sintering and coking resistance of parent oxide.
The Sox family member Sox30 is highly expressed in the testis of several vertebrate species and has been shown to play key roles in spermiogenesis. However, its transcription regulation remains ...unclear. Here, we analyzed the
promoter from the teleost fish Nile tilapia (
) and predicted a putative cis-regulatory element (CRE) for doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1), a male-specific transcription factor involved in male sex differentiation. Transcriptional profiling revealed that
and
similarly exhibited a high expression in tilapia testes from 90 days after hatching (dah) to 300 dah, and the transcription of the
gene was reduced about one-fold in the testes of male tilapia with
knockdown. Further dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that
overexpression significantly promoted transcriptional activity of the
promoter and this promotion was decreased following the mutation of putative CRE for Dmrt1 within the
promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-based PCR (ChIP-PCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that Dmrt1 directly binds to putative CRE within the
promoter. These results together indicate that Dmrt1 positively regulates the transcription of the tilapia
gene by directly binding to specific CRE within the
promoter.
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