Phenanthrene sorption by fruit cuticles (tomato, apple, and grape), potato tuber periderm, and their fractions were investigated to elucidate effects of compositional characteristics on affinity of ...plant cuticle (above-ground) and periderm (below-ground) with hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). The distinct roles of the extractable lipids (waxes), the depolymerizable lipids (cutin/suberin), the nonsaponifiable lipids (cutan/suberan) and polysaccharide are discussed. The cutin/suberin rather than waxes dominates the sorption properties of bulk cuticle/periderm, but the sorption coefficient (K d) is linearly correlated with the total lipid contents. Polysaccharide plays a negative role in HOC sorption due to its obviously poor affinity with HOCs and restriction effect on the other powerful sorptive regions in cuticle/periderm. The significantly lower sorption of periderm than cuticle is attributed to the former having higher polysaccharide and lower depolymerizable lipids. The linear correlation of K d of bulk cuticle/periderm with polysaccharide content is observed for a potential prediction of plant uptake.
Copper recovery is the core of waste printed circuit boards （WPCBs） treatment. In this study, we proposed a feasible and efficient way to recover copper from WPCBs concentrated metal scraps by direct ...electrolysis and thctors that affect copper recovery rate and purity, mainly CuSO4.5H2O concentration, NaCI concentration, H2SO4 concentration and current density, were discussed in detail. The results indicated that copper recovery rate increased first with the increase ofCuSO4- 5H2O, NaCI, H2SO4 and current density and then decreased with further increasing these conditions. NaCI, H2SO4 and current density also showed a similar impact on copper purity, which also increased first and then decreased. Copper purity increased with the increase of CuSO4.5H2O. When the concentration of CuSO4-5H2O NaCI and H2oSO4 was respectively 90, 40 and 118 g/L and current density was 80 mA/cm-, copper recovery rate and purity was up to 97.32% and 99.86%, respectively. Thus, electrolysis proposes a feasible and prospective approach for waste printed circuit boards recycle, even for e-waste, though more researches are needed for industrial application.
The addition of the third component ITIC and PTB7-Th broadens the absorption spectra and improve blends morphology, leading to an increase in the efficiency of the ternary organic solar cells by 8% ...and 13%, respectively.
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The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OFQx-T:PC71BM blend films reaches 7.59%. On this basis, ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) were fabricated with ITIC or PTB7-Th as the third component. The ternary OSCs with 50 wt% ITIC in acceptors exhibits an enhanced efficiency, from 7.59% to 8.17%. Also, the PCE of ternary OSCs with 50 wt% PTB7-Th in donors achieves 8.72%, which is 13% higher than that of binary OSCs. The PCE improvement of two ternary OSCs is mainly due to the increase of short-circuit current density (Jsc), which can be attributed to the complementary absorption spectra and improved film morphology. This work suggests that the selection of an appropriate third component plays a critical role in improving the PCE of ternary OSCs.
Carrying out the immediate rehabilitation interventional therapy will better improve the curative effect of rehabilitation therapy, after the condition of bedridden stroke patients becomes stable. A ...new lower limb rehabilitation training module, as a component of a synchronous rehabilitation robot for bedridden stroke patients’ upper and lower limbs, is proposed. It can electrically adjust the body shape of patients with a different weight and height. Firstly, the innovative mechanism design of the lower limb rehabilitation training module is studied. Then, the mechanism of the lower limb rehabilitation module is simplified and the geometric relationship of the human–machine linkage mechanism is deduced. Next, the trajectory planning and dynamic modeling of the human–machine linkage mechanism are carried out. Based on the analysis of the static moment safety protection of the human–machine linkage model, the motor driving force required in the rehabilitation process is calculated to achieve the purpose of rationalizing the rehabilitation movement of the patient’s lower limb. To reconstruct the patient’s motor functions, an active training control strategy based on the sandy soil model is proposed. Finally, the experimental platform of the proposed robot is constructed, and the preliminary physical experiment proves the feasibility of the lower limb rehabilitation component.
In this work, interactions between different host materials and a blue TADF polymer named P1 are systematically investigated. In photoluminescence, the host can have substantial impact on the ...photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and the intensity of delayed fluorescence (
Φ
DF
), where more than three orders of magnitude difference of
Φ
DF
in various hosts is observed, resulting from a polarity effect of the host material and energy transfer. Additionally, an intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) emission with pronounced TADF characteristics is observed between P1 and 2,4,6-tris3-(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (PO-T2T), with a singlet-triplet splitting of 7 meV. It is noted that the contribution of harvested triplets in monochrome organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) correlates with
Φ
DF
. For devices based on intermolecular CT-emission, the harvested triplets contribute ~90% to the internal quantum efficiency. The results demonstrate the vital importance of host materials on improving the PLQY and sensitizing
Φ
DF
of TADF polymers for efficient devices. Solution-processed polychrome OLEDs with a color close to a white emission are presented, with the emission of intramolecular (P1) and intermolecular TADF (PO-T2T:P1).
To better understand the interaction mechanisms of plant surfaces with polar organic compounds, sorption of 4-chlorophenol, 2,4- dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by fruit cuticles （i.e., ...tomato, apple, and pepper）, and potato tuber periderm were investigated. The roles of cuticular components （waxes, cutin, cutan and sugar） on sorption of chlorophenols are quantitatively compared. Cutin and waxes govern the sorption capacity of bulk apple cuticle by hydrophobic interactions. Potato periderm with highest sugar content exhibits the lowest sorption capability for the chlorophenols. With the increase of hydrophobicity （i.e., Kow ） of sorbate, the relative contribution of lipophilic components （wax, cutin and cutan） on total sorption increases, however, the ratios of Koc to Kow decreases due to increasing ionization degree of sorbates.
In the process of rehabilitation, the objectivity and the accuracy of rehabilitation assessment have an obvious impact on the follow-up training. To improve this problem, using a multi-sensor source, ...this paper attempts to establish a comprehensive assessment method of the finger rehabilitation effect, including three indicators of finger muscle strength, muscle fatigue degree, and range of motion. Firstly, on the basis of the fingertip pressure sensor of the End-Effector Finger Rehabilitation Robot, a mathematical model of finger muscle strength estimation was established, and the estimated muscle strength was scored using the entropy weight method. Secondly, using an sEMG signal sensor, a fatigue monitoring system was designed in the training process, and the fatigue degree was determined on the basis of the change trend of the eigenvalues of MAV and RMS. Lastly, a human–machine motion coupling model was established, and the joint range of motion acquisition and scoring model were obtained on the basis of the motor encoder. According to the above three indicators, using the AHP assessment method to establish a comprehensive rehabilitation assessment method, the effectiveness of the method was verified by experiments. This paper provides a potential new idea and method for objective, accurate, and convenient assessment of finger function rehabilitation, which is of positive significance for alleviating the burden on rehabilitation doctors and improving rehabilitation efficiency.
To precisely predict organics accumulation and crop safety, the affinity of fruit cuticles for naphthalene and 1-naphthol was investigated with the presence of three surfactants below and above the ...critical micelle concentration (CMC), including anionic sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB), and nonionic polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). Tomato and apple cuticles with distinct compositions were selected. With increasing SDBS concentrations, apparent sorption coefficients (K d*) of 1-naphthol by both cuticles first increased a bit and then decreased slightly. The K d* of naphthalene by tomato cuticle is sensitive to SDBS concentration with a sharp increase and then decrease, whereas SDBS has little effect on naphthalene K d* by apple cuticle. For CTMAB with lower CMC, the naphthalene K d* decreased more quickly. Tween 20 seems to be ineffective on naphthalene sorption by both cuticles. Nevertheless, the intrinsic sorption coefficients (K d) were almost promoted by the coexisting surfactants, resulting from the cuticle-sorbed surfactant’s plasticizing effect.
The design of high-performance porous adsorbents for phosphorus removal is a persistently hot topic to maintain a sustainable aquatic ecosystem. In the present study, a self-templating strategy using ...LaFe cyanometallates (CMs) as precursors was adopted to prepare porous LaFe bimetal oxides with optimizable structure and composition for phosphate adsorption. The results showed that a high supplied LaIII/FeII ratio enabled an adequate coordination polymerization in the preparation of LaFe CM precursor and led to a striking three-dimensional (3D) structure of “twin lotus flower” with high coordinated water content, which resulted in a 3D flower-like LaFe oxide with high surface area and high porosity (mainly in mesopore). The LaFe oxide of LaFe15T possessing the optimal La/Fe ratio (1.5: 1) exhibited the most superior performance of phosphate adsorption, where La was confirmed to be the main active site for phosphate capture via ligand exchange mechanism. The batch and column tests of phosphate adsorption showed that the 3D flower-like LaFe oxides are effective adsorbents for phosphate removal. Therefore, the structure optimization in the template preparation stage is an effective strategy to design porous LaFe bimetal oxides as high-performance phosphorus removal materials.
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•A self-templating strategy is used to fabricate porous LaFe bimetal oxides.•The LaFe bimetal oxides are optimized of their pore structure and La active sites.•The optimized LaFe oxide presents high-performance for phosphate removal.
The uptake of organic chemicals by plants is considered of great significance as it impacts their environmental transport and fate and threatens crop growth and food safety. Herein, the dependence of ...the uptake, penetration, and distribution of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the morphology and micro-structures of cuticular waxes on leaf surfaces was investigated. Plant surface morphologies and wax micro-structures were examined by scanning emission microscopy, and hydrophobicities of plant surfaces were monitored through contact angle measurements. PAHs in the cuticles and inner tissues were distinguished by sequential extraction, and the cuticle was verified to be the dominant reservoir for the accumulation of lipophilic pollutants. The interspecies differences in PAH concentrations cannot be explained by normalizing them to the plant lipid content. PAHs in the inner tissues became concentrated with the increase of tissue lipid content, while a generally negative correlation between the PAH concentration in cuticles and the epicuticular wax content was found. PAHs on the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf were differentiated for the first time, and the divergence between these two sides can be ascribed to the variations in surface morphologies. The role of leaf lipids was redefined and differentiated.
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