A Kagome structure covalent organic framework (COF) film with three‐state NIR electrochromic properties was designed and synthesized. The COFTPDA‐PDA film is composed of hexagonal nanosheets with ...high crystallinity and has three reversible color states at different applied potentials. It has high absorption spectra changes in the NIR region, ascribed to the strong intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) interaction of the Class III mixed‐valence systems of the conjugated triphenylamine species. The film showed sub‐second response time (1.3 s for coloring and 0.7 s for bleaching at 1050 nm) and long retention time in the NIR region. COFTPDA‐PDA film shows superior NIR electrochromic properties in term of response time and stability, attributed to the highly ordered porous structure and the π–π stacking structure of the COFTPDA‐PDA architecture. The COFTPDA‐PDA film was applied in mimicking a flip‐flop logic gate with optical memory function.
A Kagome structure covalent organic framework (COF) film was synthesized and exhibited three‐state electrochromic properties with sub‐second response time and long retention time in the near‐infrared region. Taking potential and absorbance as input and output signal, respectively, a mimicking logic gate with optical memory functions was demonstrated based on the COFTPDA‐PDA film.
The electrochromic property and device construction of a triphenylamine-based oriented two-dimensional covalent organic framework (2D COF) film on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass was reported. ...The characterization of the 2D COF3PA‑TT film revealed that the film was uniform, with good crystallinity, and oriented with its 2D plane parallel to the substrate. For the first time, the electrochromic properties of 2D COF3PA‑TT film were studied. 2D COF3PA‑TT film on ITO exhibited reversible color transition between deep red and dark brown during redox process. Spectroelectrochemical experiments revealed color changes in the absorption spectra of 2D COF3PA‑TT film in the visible and near-infrared regions and showed the characteristics of intervalence charge transfer. The quasi-solid-state electrochromic device was prepared based on the COF3PA‑TT film, and it exhibited moderate performance and stability in the near-infrared region.
Scutellaria baicalensis root is traditionally used for the treatment of common cold, fever and influenza. Flavonoids are the major chemical components of S. baicalensis root.
To evaluate the ...therapeutic effects and action mechanism of flavonoids-enriched extract from S. baicalensis root (FESR) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice.
The anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-complementary properties of FESR and the main flavonoids were evaluated in vitro. Mice were challenged intranasally with influenza virus H1N1 (A/FM/1/47) 2 h before treatment. FESR (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) was administrated intragastrically. Baicalin (BG), the most abundant compound in FESR was given as reference control. Survival rates, life spans and lung indexes of IAV-infected mice were measured. Histopathological changes, virus levels, inflammatory markers and complement deposition in lungs were analyzed.
Compared with the main compound BG, FESR and lower content aglycones (baicalein, oroxylin A, wogonin and chrysin) in FESR significantly inhibited H1N1 activity in virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and markedly decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In vitro assays showed that FESR and BG had no anti-complementary activity whereas baicalein, oroxylin A, wogonin and chrysin exhibited obvious anti-complementary activity.
Oral administration of FESR effectively protected the IAV-infected mice, increased the survival rate (FESR: 67%; BG: 33%), decreased the lung index (FESR: 0.90; BG: 1.00) and improved the lung morphology in comparing with BG group. FESR efficiently decreased lung virus titers, reduced haemagglutinin (HA) titers and inhibited neuraminidase (NA) activities in lungs of IAV-infected mice. FESR modulated the inflammatory responses by decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and increasing the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lung tissues. Although showing no anti-complementary activity in vitro, FESR obviously reduced complement deposition and decreased complement activation product level in the lung .
FESR has a great potential for the treatment of ALI induced by IAV and the underlying action mechanism might be closely associated with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-complementary properties. Furthermore, FESR resulted in more potent therapeutic effect than BG in the treatment of IAV-induced ALI.
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The water‐soluble polypyridine copper complex Cu(F3TPA)(ClO4)2 1; F3TPA=tris(2‐fluoro‐6‐pyridylmethyl)amine catalyzes water oxidation in a pH 8.5 borate buffer at a relatively low overpotential of ...610 mV. Assisted by photosensitizer and an electron acceptor, 1 also exhibits activity as a homogeneous catalyst for photo‐induced O2 evolution with a maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of (1.58±0.03)×10−1 s−1 and a maximum turnover number (TON) of 11.61±0.23. In comparison, the reference Cu(TPA)(ClO4)2 TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine displayed almost no activity under either set of conditions, implying the crucial role of the ligand in determining the behavior of the catalyst. Experimental evidence indicate the molecular catalytic nature of 1, leading to a potentially practical strategy to apply the copper complex in a photoelectrochemical device for water oxidation.
A water‐soluble copper polypyridine complex performs as a homogeneous catalyst for both photo‐induced and electrocatalytic O2 evolution, which allows a derivative to be assembled into a photoelectrochemical device for water oxidation (see figure; ITO=indium–tin oxide, bpy=bipyridine).
Methods based on prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have been reported for photothermal immunoassays in analytical nanoscience fields but most suffer from low sensitivity and are not beneficial for ...routine use. Herein, we design an in situ amplified near-infrared (NIR) photothermal immunoassay for the quantitative screening of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) on a portable thermometer using PBNP-encapsulated nanoliposomes as photosensitive materials. Biotinylated liposomes loaded with numerous prussian blue nanoparticles were synthesized through a typical reverse-phase evaporation method. The photothermal immunoassay was carried out in an anti-NSE capture antibody-coated microplate using the biotinylated anti-NSE secondary antibody. With the sandwiched immunoreaction and the biotin-avidin linkage, the subsequent photothermal measurement of PBNPs released from the liposomes with buffered surfactant including Tween 20 was conducted on a digital thermometer under near-infrared 808 nm laser irradiation, accompanied by the convertion of NIR-light wavelength to heat. Under the optimum conditions, the photothermal immunoassay displayed a wide dynamic concentration range of 0.1-100 ng mL-1 with a low detection limit for NSE of 0.053 ng mL-1. Good reproducibility (RSD ≤ 2.78% for intra-assay; RSD ≤ 4.39% for inter-assay), high selectivity against other biomarkers, and a long-term stability (≥94.9% of the initial signal during six-month storage) were acquired in the photothermal immunoassay. Impressively, the analysis of 7 human serum specimens for target NES via the photothermal immunoassay also gave well-matched results with the referenced human NSE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Purpose
To investigate the effect of intradialytic resistance exercise on inflammation markers and sarcopenia indices in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with sarcopenia.
Methods
Forty-one MHD ...patients with sarcopenia were divided into an intervention group (group E,
n
= 21) and a control group (group C,
n
= 20). Group C patients only received routine hemodialysis care, whereas group E patients received progressive intradialytic resistance exercise with high or moderate intensity for 12 weeks at three times per week (using the weight of the lower limbs and elastic ball movement of the upper limb) on the basis of routine hemodialysis care.
Results
After 12 weeks, a significant difference in physical activity status (maximum grip strength, daily pace, and physical activity level), Kt/V, and C-reactive protein was found between groups E and C. Inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α) increased or decreased more significantly in group E than in group C.
Conclusions
This study showed that intradialytic resistance exercise can improve physical activity effectively and reduce microinflammatory reactions even if this simple exercise does not affect the muscle mass in MHD patients with sarcopenia.
Due to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody decay and SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccine booster doses are a constant concern. It was focused on whether the third dose can quickly evoke and activate immunity and ...produce a sufficient and durable immune protection.
To evaluate the responses and durations of five subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and their predictive values for protection after the administration of a three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines regimens.
A prospective cohort study of five subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA) was carried out to evaluate the efficacies and immune characteristics of a three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines regimen in 32 volunteers. The dynamic response and immune decay were longitudinally profiled at 18 serial time points over 368 days.
The neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG and anti-Spike IgA levels rapidly increased to 773.60 (380.90-1273.00) IU/mL, 639.30 (399.60-878.60) AU/mL, 34.48 (16.83-44.68) S/CO and 0.91 (0.35-1.14) S/CO, respectively, after the administration of the third dose. Compared to the peak value after the second dose, these values were increased by 4.22-fold, 3.71-fold, 1.01-fold and 0.92-fold. On the other hand, the half-lives of the neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, and anti-Spike IgG were 56.26 (95% CI, 46.81 to 70.49) days, 66.37 (95% CI, 54.90 to 83.88) days, and 82.91 (95% CI, 63.65 to 118.89) days, respectively. Compared to the half-lives after the second dose, these values were increased by 1.71-fold, 2.00-fold, and 2.93-fold, respectively. Nevertheless, the positive conversion rate of anti-Spike IgM was decreased to 9.38% (3/32), which was much lower than that after the second dose (65.63% (21/32)).
Compared to the second dose, the third dose dramatically increased the antibody levels and decay times. However, the half-life of neutralizing antibody remained unsatisfactory. Due to decay, a fourth dose, and even annual revaccination, might be considered in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination management strategy.
Abstract
Optical activity is one of the most fundamental phenomena in nature. The existing theoretical description of optical activity is the circular birefringence, proposed in 1825 by Fresnel. It ...states that the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) and left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) waves in a chiral medium propagate at different velocities. Here we show that this is not the case. After obtaining the refraction and reflection coefficients of any elliptically polarized wave at the surface of an isotropic chiral medium, we derive the conditions for single-mode refraction. By means of the process of single-mode refraction, we demonstrate that both the refracted RCP and the refracted LCP waves at normal incidence can be expressed as a coherent superposition of a pair of orthogonal linearly polarized waves that are rotated simultaneously. As a result, they must propagate at the same velocity as the linearly polarized waves. A physical interpretation is also given in detail. In particular, we show that the state of polarization of any elliptically polarized wave in a chiral medium is rotated with propagation. Such a rotation amounts to the rotation of polarization bases without involving the change of the Jones vector. The rotation of the RCP and LCP waves, as special cases of elliptically polarized waves, results in two opposite phases as if they propagated at different phase velocities with their polarization states transmitted unchanged. These results demonstrate that the conventional characterization of optical polarization is incomplete. A further investigation into its new features is of great significance.
Dysregulation of the balance between cell proliferation and cell death is a central feature of malignances. Death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) regulates programmed cell death including ...apoptosis and autophagy. Our previous study showed that DAPK3 downregulation was detected in more than half of gastric cancers (GCs), which was related to tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying DAPK3-mediated tumor suppression remains unclear. Here, we showed that the tumor suppressive function of DAPK3 was dependent on autophagy process. Mass spectrometry, in vitro kinase assay, and immunoprecipitation revealed that DAPK3 increased ULK1 activity by direct ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser556. ULK1 phosphorylation by DAPK3 facilitates the ULK1 complex formation, the VPS34 complex activation, and autophagy induction upon starvation. The kinase activity of DAPK3 and ULK1 Ser556 phosphorylation were required for DAPK3-modulated tumor suppression. The coordinate expression of DAPK3 with ULK1 Ser556 phosphorylation was confirmed in clinical GC samples, and this co-expression was correlated with favorable survival outcomes in patients. Collectively, these findings indicate that the tumor-suppressor roles of DAPK3 in GC are associated with autophagy and that DAPK3 is a novel autophagy regulator, which can directly phosphorylate ULK1 and activate ULK1. Thus, DAPK3 might be a promising prognostic autophagy-associated marker.
Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbon (NSCDPC) was prepared using a one-step method using a purple-leaf plum kernel shell, potassium benzoate, and
N
,
N
′-diphenylthiourea (DPTU) as the carbon ...precursor, the activator and the nitrogen and sulfur source, respectively. The use of potassium benzoate with weak alkalinity and causticity facilitates obtaining abundant microporous structures and heteroatoms. Meanwhile, the dopant
N
,
N
′-diphenylthiourea plays a synergic activation role. The optimal layer-stacked NSCDPC
750-1
exhibits abundant ultramicropores and defect sites, developed interconnected channels, a large specific surface area, and rich nitrogen and sulfur contents, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance. As expected, NSCDPC
750-1
exhibits a high specific capacitance of 338 F g
−1
at 0.5 A g
−1
in 6 M KOH electrolyte, an outstanding rate performance with 280 F g
−1
at 20 A g
−1
, and remarkable durability with 92.3% retention after 10 000 cycles. In addition, a symmetric supercapacitor assembled with NSCDPC
750-1
as the electrode and 6 M KOH as the electrolyte possesses an outstanding specific capacitance of 111 F g
−1
at 0.5 A g
−1
, an excellent rate capability, and a high energy density of 30.22 W h kg
−1
. The impressive electrochemical performance makes NSCDPC
750-1
a promising supercapacitor electrode material.
Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbon materials with excellent electrochemical performance were prepared using a one-step carbonization and activation method.
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