SUMMARY
Bulk segregation analysis (BSA) utilizes a strategy of pooling individuals with extreme phenotypes to conduct economical and rapidly linked marker screening or quantitative trait locus (QTL) ...mapping. With the development of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology in the past 10 years, BSA methods and technical systems have been gradually developed and improved. At the same time, the ever‐decreasing costs of sequencing accelerate NGS‐based BSA application in different species, including eukaryotic yeast, grain crops, economic crops, horticultural crops, trees, aquatic animals, and insects. This paper provides a landscape of BSA methods and reviews the BSA development process in the past decade, including the sequencing method for BSA, different populations, different mapping algorithms, associated region threshold determination, and factors affecting BSA mapping. Finally, we summarize related strategies in QTL fine mapping combining BSA.
Significance Statement
This paper provides a landscape of BSA methods in the next‐generation sequencing (NGS) era and a guideline to select a proper method for bulk segregation analysis mapping design. In addition, quantitative trait locus fine mapping strategies are summarized for researchers in the field.
We report herein on remote control over a reversible phase transition of robust luminescent hybrid hydrogels as enabled by the rational selection and incorporation of photoswitches. Azobenzene units ...functionalized with a guanidinium group were utilized as the photoswitches and incorporated through a host–guest inclusion method involving α‐cyclodextrins functionalized with 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) groups. While the guanidinium functional groups bind to the negatively charged Laponite matrix surface to connect organic and inorganic components, the PDA groups enable simultaneous coordination with different lanthanide metal ions, thus rendering the hydrogel broadly luminescent. Owing to its conformation‐dependent binding behavior with α‐cyclodextrin, the isomerization of azobenzene induced association or dissociation of the inclusion complexes and thus lead to a reversible photocontrolled sol↔gel phase transition of the luminescent hybrid hydrogels.
Remote control over a reversible sol↔gel phase transition of a robust luminescent hybrid hydrogel (see picture) was enabled by the incorporation of photoswitchable host–guest inclusion compounds into the hydrogel system. Guanidinium groups on the azobenzene guest units bind to a Laponite matrix, and pyridinedicarboxylic acid groups on the α‐cyclodextrin host units coordinate to lanthanide ions, thus rendering the hydrogel broadly luminescent.
After modern information technology with the computer network as the core has entered the practice of college English teaching, the traditional college English teaching mode has undergone many ...changes and has brought confusion and challenges to English teaching. To this end, this study addresses the current situation of the reform practice of English teaching in colleges and universities and applies the relevant theories of foreign language teaching to elaborate and justify the multiple interactive teaching modes of English in colleges and universities under the information technology environment. The LDA-WO model is constructed in this paper, and students’ performance in the selected experimental and control classes before and after the multi-interactive teaching is analyzed and studied. The results of the analysis showed that the Z-values of students’ independent learning in the experimental class were 2.67, 3.78, 4.25, 3.17, and 5.61, all < Z
= 1.96, which means that the student’s independent learning in the experimental class had improved significantly after the experiment, and there was a significant difference compared with the control class. In conclusion, the multi-interactive teaching model has a certain improvement effect on college students’ English listening and speaking ability, literacy ability, and strategy useability.
The spatial heterogeneity of the influences of various driving factors on the digital economy restricts the further development of regional coordination. This paper constructs an index system for ...measuring the development level of the digital economy from the three dimensions of infrastructure construction, digital application and digital industry development. Using the entropy method to measure the development level of the digital economy in each region in 2018 and based on the theory of economic growth and new economic geography, a theoretical model of the influences of input factors, technological progress and institutional changes on China's digital economy is established. Combined with Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model analysis, the spatial distribution pattern of China's digital economy and its influencing factors are discussed. The results show that there is a large gap in the development level of the digital economy in the eight comprehensive economic regions, and the development level of the digital economy presents a significant spatial correlation in space. The driving patterns of input factors, technological progress and institutional changes to the spatial distribution of the digital economy show obvious spatial differentiation. This study provides important referential value for promoting the coordinated development of the regional digital economy.
While photoluminescence printing is a widely applied anticounterfeiting technique, there are still challenges in developing new generation anticounterfeiting materials with high security. Here we ...report the construction of a photoresponsive supramolecular coordination polyelectrolyte (SCP) through hierarchical self-assembly of lanthanide ion, bis-ligand and diarylethene unit, driven by metal-ligand coordination and ionic interaction. Owing to the conformation-dependent photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the lanthanide donor and diarylethene acceptor, the ring-closure/ring-opening isomerization of the diarylethene unit leads to a photoreversible luminescence on/off switch in the SCP. The SCP is then utilized as security ink to print various patterns, through which photoreversible multiple information patterns with visible/invisible transformations are realized by simply alternating the irradiation with UV and visible light. This work demonstrates the possibility of developing a new class of smart anticounterfeiting materials, which could be operated in a noninvasive manner with a higher level of security.
The development of efficient red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with an emission wavelength beyond 600 nm remains a great challenge for organic light‐emitting diodes ...(OLEDs). Herein, two pairs of isomers are designed and synthesized by attaching electron‐donor 9,9‐diphenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DPAC) moiety to the different positions of two kinds of highly rigid planar acceptor cores (PDCN and PPDCN). Their TADF efficiencies and emission maxima (599–726 nm) are regulated by molecular isomer manipulation. Interestingly, the photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPLs) of trans‐isomers T‐DA‐1 and T‐DA‐2 (78% and 89%) are remarkably higher than those of their corresponding cis‐isomers C‐DA‐1 and C‐DA‐2 (12% and 14%). Significantly increased ΦPL values can be explained by single crystal structures and theoretical simulation. As a result, a deep red TADF‐OLED based on T‐DA‐2 displays a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.26% at 640 nm. Notably, at a brightness of 100 cd m−2, the EQE value of T‐DA‐2‐based device still remains at an extremely high level of 23.95%, representing the highest value for reported red TADF‐OLEDs at the same brightness. These results provide a reasonable pathway to optimize optoelectronic properties and thereby construct efficient red TADF emitters through rational isomer engineering.
Two pairs of isomers with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and obviously different photoluminescence efficiency are developed via rational isomer engineering. A highly efficient red thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light‐emitting diode with a maximum external quantum efficiency up to 26.26% at a peak wavelength of 640 nm and low roll‐off is achieved.
Visual orientation seems to indicate the decline of oral communication, but oral communication has its own living space under the new media ecology. Research has found that in the digital media era, ...voice communication is manifested as a single-level feature that simulates current interaction and information communication. Although voice communication is a lie constructed by individuals, the interaction between the subject’s discourse and the actual field of interaction separate the emotional distance, but the situation is harmonious and inclusive. The following voice communication and new media technologies are still trustworthy. Aiming at multifactor evolutionary algorithm (MFEA), the most classical multifactor evolutionary algorithm in multitask computation, we theoretically analyze the inherent defects of MFEA in dealing with multitask optimization problems with different subfunction dimensions and propose an improved version of the multifactor evolutionary algorithm, called HD-MFEA. In HD-MFEA, we proposed heterodimensional selection crossover and adaptive elite replacement strategies, enabling HD-MFEA to better carry out gene migration in the heterodimensional multitask environment. At the same time, we propose a benchmark test problem of multitask optimization with different dimensions, and HD-MFEA is superior to MFEA and other improved algorithms in the test problem. Secondly, we extend the application scope of multitask evolutionary computation, and for the first time, the training problem of neural networks with different structures is equivalent to the multitask optimization problem with different dimensions. At the same time, according to the hierarchical characteristics of neural networks, a heterodimensional multifactor neural evolution algorithm HD-MFEA neuro-evolution is proposed to train multiple neural networks simultaneously. Through experiments on chaotic time series data sets, we find that HD-MFEA neuro-evolution algorithm is far superior to other evolutionary algorithms, and its convergence speed and accuracy are better than the gradient algorithm commonly used in neural network training.
High‐voltage LiCoO2 is an attractive cathode for ultra‐high energy lithium‐ion batteries in the 5G era. However, the practical application of LiCoO2 is largely hindered by the unstable structure ...under high voltage. Herein, dextran sulfate lithium (DSL) is used as a versatile binder to improve the cycling stability of LiCoO2 at 4.6 V. A coulombic efficiency of almost 100% and 93.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles has been achieved. The aqueous DSL binder can be evenly coated onto the surfaces of LiCoO2 particles to function as an artificial interface, significantly preventing the decomposition of electrolyte and the dissolution of Co ions. More importantly, the superior interaction between the sulfate acid groups of DSL chains and the LiCoO2 particles enhances the stability of CoO chemical bonds, further suppressing the detrimental phase transition from O3 to H1‐3 above 4.55 V. The stabilization of high‐voltage LiCoO2 through the binder is facile and enlightening to design high energy battery materials.
We investigate and examine the tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of AlSi10Mg alloys fabricated by laser powder-bed-fusion (L-PBF) technology. Repeated stress relaxation experiments were ...performed to characterize the dependence of activation volume and mobile dislocation density on their intrinsic cellular structures. For the first time, the deformation mechanism of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloys was probed by combining these thermal activation analyses with delicate microstructural examinations. A transition in rate-controlling mechanism from a combined effect of solid solution and dislocation “forests” that formed around cellular boundaries, to conventional precipitate/particle strengthening was proposed, when the continuous cellular structure of the as-printed AlSi10Mg gradually vanished. A model was also developed in collaboration to further understand the deformation physics of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg. Moreover, we found a remarkably improved exhaustion rate of mobile dislocations in AlSi10Mg with continuous cellular structure, which was attributed to a strong work hardening behavior caused by the enhanced accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations during straining. These cellular structure-related deformation and work hardening mechanisms were primarily interpreted by the different constraint of Si phase on the soft Al matrix. Our results highlight the unique microstructures in additively manufactured metals/alloys that may offer deformation mechanisms substantially distinct from those of their conventional counterparts.
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•An in-depth analysis of the deformation physics of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy was first made.•The rate-controlling mechanism was governed by the combined effect of solid solution and dislocation “forests”.•The deformation mechanisms of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloys showed strong reliance on cellular structures.
Temperature sensors play a significant role in biology, chemistry, and engineering, especially those that can work accurately in a noninvasive manner. We adopted a photoinduced post‐synthetic ...copolymerization strategy to realize a membranous ratiometric luminescent thermometer based on the emissions of two lanthanide ions. This novel mixed‐lanthanide polyMOF membrane exhibits not only the integrity and temperature sensing behaviour of the Ln‐MOF powder but also excellent mechanical properties, such as flexibility, elasticity, and processability. Moreover, the polyMOF membrane shows remarkable stability under harsh conditions, including high humidity, strong acid and alkali (pH 0–14), which allowed the mapping of temperature distributions in extreme circumstances. This work highlights a simple strategy for polyMOF membrane formation and pushes forward the further practical application of Ln‐MOF‐based luminescent thermometers in various fields and conditions.
A polyMOF membranous luminescent thermometer is realized through the copolymerization of mixed‐lanthanide MOF with butyl methacrylate monomers. The membrane material not only exhibits ratiometric temperature sensing behavior in a flexible form but also shows remarkable stability under harsh conditions, making it a promising candidate for commercial applications.
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