Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death that was discovered in recent years and is usually accompanied by a large amount of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation during the cell death process; the ...occurrence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent. Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors, nervous system diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, kidney injury, and blood diseases. How to intervene in the occurrence and development of related diseases by regulating cell ferroptosis has become a hotspot and focus of etiological research and treatment, but the functional changes and specific molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis still need to be further explored. This paper systematically summarizes the latest progress in ferroptosis research, with a focus on providing references for further understanding of its pathogenesis and for proposing new targets for the treatment of related diseases.
Effective capture of radioactive iodine is of paramount importance for the safe and long‐term storage of fission products in the nuclear fuel cycle. Herein, a series of functionalized Th‐UiO‐66 MOFs ...was employed as a model to investigate the effects of substituents on iodine adsorption in both solution and vapor states. Sorption studies revealed that the electro‐donating amino group exhibits the most positive role on increasing the removal rate of iodine from cyclohexane and the uptake capacity of iodine vapor. Particularly, the disubstituted Th‐UiO‐66‐(NH2)2 can effectively remove 91.9 % of iodine (300 mg L−1) from cyclohexane and capture 969 mg g−1 iodine vapor, significantly higher than 59.6 % and 334 mg g−1 of untagged Th‐UiO‐66, respectively. In addition, the substituent effect on the radiolytic stability of MOFs was for the first time investigated, leading to the unearthing of one of the most radioresistant MOFs Th‐UiO‐66‐NH2 reported to date.
A systematic study on the effects of aromatic substitution on iodine adsorption was performed by employing Th‐UiO‐66 as a platform, giving rise to the disubstituted Th‐UiO‐66‐(NH2)2 with the best iodine sorption performance. Moreover, aromatic substitution was employed as a new strategy to enhance the radioresistance of MOFs.
This paper presents a novel fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) to reduce mutual coupling between coplanar spaced microstrip antenna elements. The structure of the proposed FDGS is studied. ...Bandgap characteristic of second and third iterative FDGS is achieved. The second and third iterative FDGSs are used to reduce mutual coupling between microstrip antenna elements. Mutual coupling reduction performance of third iterative FDGS is better than that of second iterative FDGS. And dimension of FDGS can be decreased by using higher level iterative FDGS. The third iterative FDGS is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results both show that more than 35-dB mutual coupling reduction is obtained by using the third iterative FDGS. Moreover, the envelope correlation of antenna elements with FDGS is quite smaller than that of antenna elements without FDGS.
Since December 2019, the infection of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) caused an outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and caused great public concern. Both COVID-19 and SARS-CoV ...belong to the coronavirus family and both invade target cells through ACE2. An in-depth understanding of ACE2 and a series of physiological and physiological changes caused by the virus invading the human body may help to discover and explain the corresponding clinical phenomena and then deal with them timely. In addition, ACE2 is a potential therapeutic target. This article will summarize the role of ACE2 in multiple organ damage caused by COVID-19 and SARS-CoV, targeted blocking drugs against ACE2, and drugs that inhibit inflammation in order to provide the basis for subsequent related research, diagnosis and treatment, and drug development.
The uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites upon cycling might result in low coulombic efficiency and severe safety hazards. Herein, a lithiophilic binary lithium–aluminum alloy layer, which was ...generated through an in situ electrochemical process, was utilized to guide the uniform metallic Li nucleation and growth, free from the formation of dendrites. Moreover, the formed LiAl alloy layer can function as a Li reservoir to compensate the irreversible Li loss, enabling long‐term stability. The protected Li electrode shows superior cycling over 1700 h in a Li|Li symmetric cell.
Dendrite‐free anodes: An efficient lithium–aluminum alloy medium with increased affinity for Li and generated through an in situ electrochemical process is engineered to guide uniform Li nucleation and suppress the growth of Li dendrites.
Although various catalytic materials have emerged for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it remains crucial to develop intrinsically effective catalysts with minimum uses of expensive and scarce ...precious metals. Metallic glasses (MGs) or amorphous alloys show up as attractive HER catalysts, but have so far limited to material forms and compositions that result in high precious‐metal loadings. Here, an Ir25Ni33Ta42 MG nanofilm exhibiting high intrinsic activity and superior stability at an ultralow Ir loading of 8.14 µg cm−2 for HER in 0.5 m H2SO4 is reported. With an overpotential of 99 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 35 mV dec−1, and high turnover frequencies of 1.76 and 19.3 H2 s−1 at 50 and 100 mV overpotentials, the glassy film is among the most intrinsically active HER catalysts, outcompetes any reported MG, representative sulfides, and phosphides, and compares favorably with other precious‐metal‐containing catalysts. The outstanding HER performance of the Ir25Ni33Ta42 MG film is attributed to the synergistic effect of the novel alloy system and amorphous structure, which may inspire the development of multicomponent alloys for heterogeneous catalysis.
An extremely flat low‐iridium‐content Ir25Ni33Ta42 metallic glass film with an ultralow Ir loading is presented as an intrinsically active and highly stable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acids. This work provides a novel alloy system for HER in acids, and is helpful for the development of heterogeneous catalysts in multicomponent alloys.
Radiation dosimeters displaying conspicuous response of irradiance are highly desirable, owing to the growing demand of monitoring high-energy radiation and environmental exposure. Herein, we present ...a case of dosimetry based on a discrete nanocluster, Th
(OH)
(O)
(H
O)
(TPC)
(HCOO)
∙4DMF∙H
O (Th-SINAP-100), by judiciously incorporating heavy Th
polynuclear centers as radiation attenuator and organic linkers as photo-responsive sensor. Interestingly, dual-module photochromic transitions upon multiple external stimuli including UV, β-ray, and γ-ray are integrated into this single material. The striking color change, and more significantly, the visible color transition of luminescence in response to accumulating radiation dose allow an on-site quantitative platform for naked-eye detection of ionization radiations over a broad range (1-80 kGy). Single crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations reveal that the dual-module photochromism can be attributed to the π(TPC) → π*(TPC) intermolecular charge transfer driven by enhanced π-π stacking interaction between the adjacent TPC moieties upon irradiation.
Background
Ageing, chronic diseases, prolonged inactivity, and inadequate nutrition pose a severe threat to skeletal muscle health and function. To date, experimental evidence suggests that ...ageing‐related subclinical inflammation could be an important causative factor in sarcopenia. Although inflammatory signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental animal models of sarcopenia, few studies have surveyed the clinical association between circulating factors and muscle mass in patients before and after lifestyle interventions. In this study, we evaluated whether proinflammatory cytokines are associated with the onset of sarcopenia, which circulating factors are associated with the severity of sarcopenia, and how these factors change after lifestyle interventions in sarcopenic elderly persons.
Methods
A total of 56 elderly subjects (age ≥ 60 years) with sarcopenia and 56 elderly non‐sarcopenic subjects, who met entry criteria and had given informed consent, were selected from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital multicentre prospective longitudinal sarcopenia study for testing relevant circulating factors. Thirty‐two elderly subjects from the sarcopenic cohort completed a 12 week intensive lifestyle intervention programme with whey supplements (30 g/day) and a personalized resistance training regimen. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines and metabolic hormones, pre‐intensive and post‐intensive lifestyle interventions, were measured.
Results
The sarcopenic group was significantly older (72.05 ± 6.54 years; P < 0.001), more likely to be inactive and female (57.1% of all sarcopenic patients), and had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (16% higher risk). Compared with non‐sarcopenic subjects, serum interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐18, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and leptin were significantly higher, while insulin growth factor 1, insulin, and adiponectin were significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that high levels of TNF‐α (>11.15 pg/mL) and TWEAK (>1276.48 pg/mL) were associated with a 7.6‐fold and 14.3‐fold increased risk of sarcopenia, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, high levels of TWEAK were still associated with a 13.4‐fold increased risk of sarcopenia. Intensive lifestyle interventions led to significant improvements in sarcopenic patients' muscle mass and serum profiles of TWEAK, TNF‐α, IL‐18, insulin, and adiponectin (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
High levels of the inflammatory cytokines TWEAK and TNF‐α are associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia, while the metabolic hormones insulin growth factor 1, insulin, and adiponectin are associated with a decreased risk of sarcopenia in our Chinese patient cohort. Intensive lifestyle interventions could significantly improve muscle mass, reduce inflammation, and restore metabolic hormone levels in sarcopenic patients. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02873676.
A nanotubular metal−organic framework (MOF), {(WS4Cu4)I2(dptz)3·DMF} n (dptz = 3,6-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) for sensing small solvent molecules is presented. ...When accommodating different solvent molecules as guests, the resulting inclusion compounds exhibit different colors depending on the solvent guests, and more interestingly, the band gaps of these solvent-included complexes are in linear correlation with the polarity of the guest solvents. The solvent molecules can be sensed by the changes of UV−vis spectra of the corresponding inclusion compounds, showing a new way of signal transduction as a new kind of sensor. The sensing by such a MOF occurs within the channel-containing material rather than on the external surface.
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