The problem of robust fault-tolerant control for actuators of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters is studied in this paper. Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to describe the wind energy ...conversion system (WECS). Fuzzy dedicated observer (FDO) and fuzzy proportional integral observer (FPIO) are established to reconstruct the system state and actuator fault, respectively. Fuzzy Robust Scheduling Fault-Tolerant Controller (FRSFTC) is designed by parallel distributed compensation (PDC) method, so as to realize the purpose of active fault tolerance for actuator faults and ensure the robust stability of the system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Taylor series, Lyapunov function, and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed method is feasible and effective applied to WECS with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG).
Ex vivo production of induced megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets from stem cells is an alternative approach for supplying transfusible platelets. However, it is difficult to generate large numbers of ...MKs and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells (HSPCs).
To optimize the differentiation efficiency of megakaryocytic cells from HSPCs, we first employed a platelet factor 4 (PF4)-promoter reporter and high-throughput screening strategy to screen for small molecules. We also investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of candidate small molecules on megakaryocytic differentiation of human HSPCs.
The small molecule Ricolinostat remarkably promoted the expression of PF4-promoter reporter in the megakaryocytic cell line. Notably, Ricolinostat significantly enhanced the cell fate commitment of MK progenitors (MkPs) from cord blood HSPCs and promoted the proliferation of MkPs based on cell surface marker detection, colony-forming unit-MK assay, and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. MkPs generated from Ricolinostat-induced HSPCs differentiated into mature MKs and platelets. Mechanistically, we found that Ricolinostat enhanced MkP fate mainly by inhibiting the secretion of IL-8 and decreasing the expression of the IL-8 receptor CXCR2.
The addition of Ricolinostat to the culture medium promoted MkP differentiation from HSPCs and enhanced the proliferation of MkPs mainly by suppressing the IL-8/CXCR2 pathway. Our results can help the development of manufacturing protocols for the efficient generation of MKs and platelets from stem cells in vitro.
Fungal pathogens have evolved combinations of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) to deconstruct host plant cell walls (PCWs). An understanding of this process is hoped to create a basis for ...improving plant biomass conversion efficiency into sustainable biofuels and bioproducts. Here, an approach integrating enzyme activity assay, biomass pretreatment, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and genomic analysis of PCWDEs were applied to examine digestibility or degradability of selected woody and herbaceous biomass by pathogenic fungi. Preferred hydrolysis of apple tree branch, rapeseed straw, or wheat straw were observed by the apple-tree-specific pathogen
, the rapeseed pathogen
, and the wheat pathogen
, respectively. Delignification by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment increased PCW digestibility, and the increase was generally more profound with non-host than host PCW substrates. Hemicellulase pretreatment slightly reduced or had no effect on hemicellulose content in the PCW substrates tested; however, the pretreatment significantly changed hydrolytic preferences of the selected pathogens, indicating a role of hemicellulose branching in PCW digestibility. Cellulose organization appears to also impact digestibility of host PCWs, as reflected by differences in cellulose microfibril organization in woody and herbaceous PCWs and variation in cellulose-binding domain organization in cellulases of pathogenic fungi, which is known to influence enzyme access to cellulose. Taken together, this study highlighted the importance of chemical structure of both hemicelluloses and cellulose in host PCW digestibility by fungal pathogens.
The transport of auxin controls developmental events in plants. Here, we report that in addition to maintaining vacuolar pH, the$H^{+}-pyrophosphatase$, AVP1, controls auxin transport and ...consequently auxin-dependent development. AVP1 overexpression results in increased cell division at the onset of organ formation, hyperplasia, and increased auxin transport. In contrast, avp1-1 null mutants have severely disrupted root and shoot development and reduced auxin transport. Changes in the expression of AVP1 affect the distribution and abundance of the P-adenosine triphosphatase and Pinformed 1 auxin efflux facilitator, two proteins implicated in auxin distribution. Thus, AVP1 facilitates the auxin fluxes that regulate organogenesis.
Higher order actin filament structures are necessary for cytoplasmic streaming, organelle movement, and other physiological processes. However, the mechanism by which the higher order cytoskeleton is ...formed in plants remains unknown. In this study, we identified a novel actin-cross-linking protein family (named CROLIN) that is well conserved only in the plant kingdom. There are six isovariants of CROLIN in the Arabidopsis genome, with CROLIN1 specifically expressed in pollen. In vitro biochemical analyses showed that CROLIN1 is a novel actin-cross-linking protein with binding and stabilizing activities. Remarkably, CROLIN1 can cross-link actin bundles into actin networks. CROLIN1 loss of function induces pollen germination and pollen tube growth hypersensitive to latrunculin B. All of these results demonstrate that CROLIN1 may play an important role in stabilizing and remodeling actin filaments by binding to and cross-linking actin filaments.
Background: Higher order actin filament structures are involved in many cellular processes.
Results:Arabidopsis CROLIN1 contains a predicted actin-cross-linking domain and shows F-actin binding, cross-linking, and stabilizing activities in vitro.
Conclusion: CROLIN1 functions as an actin-binding and cross-linking protein.
Significance: CROLIN1 is a previously undiscovered plant actin-cross-linking protein.
An increase in transient enclosure voltage can threaten the personal safety of workers and the normal operation of secondary equipment and may cause discharge between the flanges of gas insulated ...switchgear (GIS) enclosures. This study considered the spark-discharge fault between GIS enclosure flanges of a 500-kV nuclear power plant in China when the disconnect switch is operated in the background. The dynamic arc model during the operation of the disconnect switch was improved in this study, and the equivalent calculation model of transient enclosure voltage (TEV) caused by very fast transient overvoltage generated during the operation of the disconnect switch was established using the electromagnetic transient program ATP-EMTP. Suppression measures of the discharge phenomena were also discussed. The results demonstrated that the transient enclosure voltage caused by the operation of the disconnect switch can reach 75 kV in the most severe case, which causes discharge between the flanges. Reducing the residual charge on the island side of the disconnect switch, installing a metal oxide arrester, and reducing the inductance of the ground wire have different inhibitory effects on this discharge phenomenon, but they all have their limitations. The most simple and effective control measure is to use a short joint between two flanges. The study conclusions can be used as reference for preventing such discharge phenomena.
Zinc finger transcription factors are involved broadly in development and tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the little studied zinc finger transcription factor ZNF382 functions as a tumor ...suppressor in multiple carcinomas. Although broadly expressed in normal tissues, ZNF382 expression was attenuated in multiple carcinoma cell lines due to promoter CpG methylation. ZNF382 was also frequently methylated in multiple primary tumors (nasopharyngeal, esophageal, colon, gastric, and breast). Ectopic expression of ZNF382 in silenced tumor cells significantly inhibited their clonogenicity and proliferation and induced apoptosis. We further found that ZNF382 inhibited NF-kappaB and AP-1 signaling and downregulated the expression of multiple oncogenes including MYC, MITF, HMGA2, and CDK6, as well as the NF-kappaB upstream factors STAT3, STAT5B, ID1, and IKBKE, most likely through heterochromatin silencing. ZNF382 could suppress tumorigenesis through heterochromatin-mediated silencing, as ZNF382 was colocalized and interacted with heterochromatin protein HP1 and further changed the chromatin modifications of ZNF382 target oncogenes. Our data show that ZNF382 is a functional tumor suppressor frequently methylated in multiple carcinomas.
A disintegrins and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family members have been reported dysregulated in various cancers. Through refining a loss of heterozygosity locus at 11q25 ...by array-CGH, we identified ADAMTS8 as a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene. Although ADAMTS8 downregulation has been reported in several tumors, its biologic function and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we found that ADAMTS8 is broadly expressed in normal tissues but frequently downregulated or silenced by promoter methylation in common carcinoma cell lines, including nasopharyngeal, esophageal squamous cell, gastric, and colorectal carcinomas. Pharmacologic or genetic demethylation restored ADAMTS8 expression, indicating that promoter methylation mediates its silencing. Aberrant methylation of ADAMTS8 was also detected in several types of primary tumors but rarely in normal tissues. Further functional studies showed that restoring ADAMTS8 expression suppressed tumor cell clonogenicity through inducing apoptosis. ADAMTS8 as a secreted protease inhibited epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling along with decreased levels of phosphorylated MEK and ERK. We further found that ADAMTS8 disrupted actin stress fiber organization and inhibited tumor cell motility. Thus, our data demonstrate that ADAMTS8 metalloprotease acts as a functional tumor suppressor through antagonizing EGFR-MEK-ERK signaling, in addition to its previously reported anti-angiogenesis function, and is frequently methylated in common tumors.
This study uncovers the tumor suppressive function of ADAMTS8, one of the ADAMTS family members, and its frequent methylation in certain tumors could be developed as a potential biomarker.
It has been reported that mutations in CDH1 gene are associated with genetic susceptibility to colon, stomach, breast and prostate cancers. Here, an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from a ...patient with double primary gastric and colon carcinoma carrying germline mutation (c. 1679C > G) in CDH1 gene was generated. The iPSC line had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotent markers and had ability to generate three germ layers.
PDF
