Evidence from human cohorts indicates that chronic insomnia is associated with higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), yet whether gut microbiota plays a role is unclear. Here, in a ...longitudinal cohort (n = 1809), we find that the gut microbiota-bile acid axis may link the positive association between chronic insomnia and CMD. Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 are the main genera mediating the positive association between chronic insomnia and CMD. These results are also observed in an independent cross-sectional cohort (n = 6122). The inverse associations between those gut microbial biomarkers and CMD are mediated by certain bile acids (isolithocholic acid, muro cholic acid and nor cholic acid). Habitual tea consumption is prospectively associated with the identified gut microbiota and bile acids in an opposite direction compared with chronic insomnia. Our work suggests that microbiota-bile acid axis may be a potential intervention target for reducing the impact of chronic insomnia on cardiometabolic health.
In literature of work-related values and attitudes, it is often argued that different work attitudes could be attributed to different ethnic origins and cultural backgrounds. This perspective article ...argues that we should avoid a deterministic argument of cultural essentialism and explore how ethnic differences in work values were formed in specifical socioeconomic and cultural contexts. To support this argument, this research conducted in-depth interviews to explore the mechanisms underlying the formation of British and Chinese immigrant engineers' work values in three dimensions: intrinsic-extrinsic, masculine-feminine, uncertainty avoidance-entrepreneurial risk. The main finding in this paper is that the different social and cultural milieus where both ethnic groups grew up to a large extent contributed to their different work habitus, which further resulted in their different work values. To conclude, this paper contributes to the literature by rejecting the cultural essentialism, which links individual work attitudes with their ethnic/cultural backgrounds in a "deterministic" way.
Little is known about the inter-relationship among fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota and metabolites, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human prospective cohort study. The aim of the present ...study was to investigate the prospective association of fruit and vegetable intake with human gut microbiota and to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable-related gut microbiota and their related metabolites with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.
This study included 1879 middle-age elderly Chinese adults from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Baseline dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (2008-2013). Fecal samples were collected at follow-up (2015-2019) and analyzed for 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomics. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin. We used multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models to investigate the prospective associations of fruit and vegetable intake with gut microbiota and the association of the identified gut microbiota (fruit/vegetable-microbiota index) and their related fecal metabolites with T2D risk, respectively. Replications were performed in an independent cohort involving 6626 participants.
In the GNHS, dietary fruit intake, but not vegetable, was prospectively associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. The fruit-microbiota index (FMI, created from 31 identified microbial features) was positively associated with fruit intake (p < 0.001) and inversely associated with T2D risk (odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95%CI 0.71-0.97). The FMI-fruit association (p = 0.003) and the FMI-T2D association (OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.84-0.97) were both successfully replicated in the independent cohort. The FMI-positive associated metabolite sebacic acid was inversely associated with T2D risk (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.51-0.86). The FMI-negative associated metabolites cholic acid (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13-1.62), 3-dehydrocholic acid (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.09-1.54), oleylcarnitine (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.45-2.20), linoleylcarnitine (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.37-2.05), palmitoylcarnitine (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33-2.02), and 2-hydroglutaric acid (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.25-1.72) were positively associated with T2D risk.
Higher fruit intake-associated gut microbiota and metabolic alteration were associated with a lower risk of T2D, supporting the public dietary recommendation of adopting high fruit intake for the T2D prevention.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about a significant shift in labor market dynamics, leading to a notable increase in labor market flexibilization. One prominent aspect of this transformation is the ...growing variation in working time patterns. The irregular and unpredictable nature of working time may contribute to increased stress levels, difficulty in establishing routines, and challenges in maintaining work-life boundaries. Drawing on China General Social survey 2021, this study aims to examine (1) the relationship between working time variation and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic in China; (2) whether the relationship can be mediated by work-family conflict; (3) to what extent the relationship varies across occupations. We find that working time variation is associated with significantly worse mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic in China, and around half of the negative effect can be mediated by increased work-family conflict. Moreover, the negative association is more pronounced among non-professional occupations than professional occupations. Overall, these findings shed light on the detrimental impact of working time variation on mental health and its potential mechanism, highlighting how novel work paradigm may interact with existing labor market inequalities to shape workers’ mental health.
•Working time variation is associated with significantly worse mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic in China.•Around half of the negative effect can be mediated by increased work-family conflict.•The negative effect of working time variation is more evident among non-professional occupations.
Background
Bispectral index (BIS), an index used to monitor the depth of anesthesia, can be interfered with by the electromyogram (EMG) signal. The 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF95) also can ...reflect the sedation depth. Remimazolam in monitored anesthesia care results in higher BIS values than propofol, though in the same sedation level assessed by Modified Observers Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (MOAA/S). Our study aims to illustrate whether EMG is involved in remimazolam causing higher BIS value than propofol preliminarily and to explore the correlations among BIS, EMG, and SEF95 under propofol and remimazolam anesthesia.
Patients and methods
Twenty-eight patients were randomly divided into propofol (P) and remimazolam (RM) groups. Patients in the two groups received alfentanil 10 μg/kg, followed by propofol 2 mg/kg and remimazolam 0.15 mg/kg. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO
2
) were routinely monitored. The BIS, EMG, and SEF95 were obtained through BIS VISTATM. The primary outcomes were BIS, EMG, and the correlation between BIS and EMG in both groups. Other outcomes were SEF95, the correlation between BIS and SEF95, and the correlation between EMG and SEF95. And all the statistical and comparative analysis between these signals was conducted with SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.
Results
BIS values, EMG, and SEF95 were significantly higher in the RM group than in the P group (all
p
< 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between BIS and EMG in the RM group (
r
= 0.416). Nevertheless, the BIS in the P group showed a weak negative correlation with EMG (
r
= −0.219). Both P (
r
= 0.787) and RM group (
r
= 0.559) had a reasonably significant correlation coefficient between BIS and SEF95. SEF95 almost did not correlate with EMG in the RM group (
r
= 0.101).
Conclusion
Bispectral index can be interfered with high EMG intensity under remimazolam anesthesia. However, EMG can hardly affect the accuracy of BIS under propofol anesthesia due to low EMG intensity and a weak negative correlation between EMG and BIS. Moreover, SEF95 may have a great application prospect in predicting the sedation condition of remimazolam.
Two isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-Ta ternary system at 1200 °C and 1300 °C have been determined by using electron probe microanalysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and differential scanning ...calorimeter. A Laves phase (Ni, Cr)2Ta(HT)(C14 structure) with large solid solubility stabilized by the Ni addition was determined in both two isothermal sections. The composition range of this phase was about 25.8–66.0 at.% Cr, 2.5-44.3 at.% Ni, and 24.0-40.0 at.% Ta at 1200 °C, which increased with raising temperature. The melting point of the Ni-Cr alloys decreased with the addition of Ta. No ternary compound was found in both these two isothermal sections. The present work could be significant for practical application of nickel-based alloys and future thermodynamics assessment of the Ni-Cr-Ta ternary system.
Two isothermal sections of the Ni-V-Ta ternary system at 1200 °C and 1000 °C have been experimentally established using X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, energy dispersive ...spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimeter with equilibrated key alloys. The equilibrium composition of each phase is measured by electron probe microanalysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicate that: (1) nine three-phase and eight three-phase regions were confirmed in the isothermal section at 1200 °C and 1000 °C, respectively; (2) the C14 phase with a large solubility of about 51.2 at. % Ni was observed at 1200 °C, while it forms a single-phase region at 1000 °C; (3) a small liquid region was confirmed at 1200 °C, but disappeared at 1000 °C.
Objectives: This paper reports on the first study in China that used nationally representative data to compare mental health and depressive feeling between empty-nest and non-empty-nest elderly ...people (over 60 years old), and examine whether the health disparities (if any) can
be explained by differences in family, emotional, housework, and economic support. Methods: We used the 2010 China General Social Survey and multivariate regression models to examine mental health and depressive feeling of 556 non-empty-nest and 210 empty-nest elderly people in China.
Results: After controlling for various socio-demographic characteristics, although the empty-nest elderly were significantly more likely to report depressive feeling and poor mental health than non-empty-nest elderly, the difference was only statistically significant for depressive
feeling. Importantly, the disparity in both depressive feeling and mental health can be mediated by differences in family economic support and household economic pressure. Conclusions: Our results highlight the risks of depressive feeling arising from the empty-nest living arrangement
of elderly people and suggest that a poorer economic situation may result from decreased mental health. Drawing upon these results, future public policies aimed at improving mental health of empty-nest elderly may need to be more targeted to improve their economic conditions such as ameliorating
pension and social welfare system shortcomings.
Switch defective/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-subunit machines that play vital roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. ...However, the mechanisms by which SWI/SNF complexes recognize their target loci in plants are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are core subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and critical for SWI/SNF genomic targeting. These three BRDs interact directly with multiple SWI/SNF subunits, including the BRAHMA (BRM) catalytic subunit. Phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of the brd1 brd2 brd13 triple mutant revealed that these BRDs act largely redundantly to control gene expression and developmental processes that are also regulated by BRM. Genome-wide occupancy profiling demonstrated that these three BRDs extensively colocalize with BRM on chromatin. Simultaneous loss of function of three BRD genes results in reduced BRM protein levels and decreased occupancy of BRM on chromatin across the genome. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the bromodomains of BRDs are essential for genomic targeting of the BRD subunits of SWI/SNF complexes to their target sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are core subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and reveal their biological roles in facilitating genomic targeting of BRM-containing SWI/SNF complexes in plants.
SWI/SNF complexes play vital roles in the regulation of gene transcription in plants; however, the mechanisms by which plant SWI/SNF complexes are targeted to specific genomic loci remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified three new core subunits of Arabidopsis BRM-containing SWI/SNF complexes. We demonstrated that the three homologous bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 function to recognize acetylated chromatin via their bromodomains to mediate the genome-wide targeting of plant SWI/SNF complexes.
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