Accessible Summary
What is known on the subject?
Women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than men; 19.2%–69.0% of women have experienced IPV, and the percentage is ...increasing.
Survivors of IPV suffer from physical, psychological, social and reproductive health problems and numerous adverse health consequences such as post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These are considered IPV comorbidities, especially among women.
What the paper adds to existing knowledge?
This study reviews and reinforces existing scientific knowledge regarding the application of trauma‐informed care (TIC), including intervention content or type, frequency, duration of session and length.
This study focused on the effects of TIC. Furthermore, it examines short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcome effects, which are more significant for clinical practice.
What are the implications for practice?
Development of a standardized protocol to address specific needs for TIC in IPV care settings.
Among multidisciplinary teams, nurses are the ideal professionals to support women experiencing IPV. They can understand their traumatic experiences better, improve their therapeutic relationships and engage patients in collaborative care.
Introduction
Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are considered intimate partner violence (IPV) comorbidities, especially among women. Trauma‐informed care (TIC) is the most common element of IPV care.
Aim
This study analysed the short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcomes of TIC on PTSD, depression and anxiety in women experiencing IPV.
Method
The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines were followed, and databases were searched from their inception to September 2022.
Results
Thirteen randomized controlled trials included 850 women randomly assigned to the TIC and usual care groups. Overall, TIC showed a superior psychological health‐improving effect. Depression and anxiety significantly improved after treatment and at three and 6 months. No difference was observed in PTSD between the two groups at 3 and 6 months.
Discussion
The growing evidence demonstrates that the lack of IPV intervention effects reported by reviews may be due to the attributes of PTSD, heterogeneity of TIC intervention design and components of TIC. Therefore, its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive.
Implications for Practice
We analysed studies by stratifying intervention frequencies of once or twice a week. Regardless of the intervention frequency, length and design, PTSD decreased immediately after the TIC intervention. However, a significant difference in depression was observed after a TIC intervention of above 9 weeks.
Recently, the gut microbiota has been found to be associated with many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, depression, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular ...disease (CVD). Among various gut microbiota-derived metabolites (GMs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites are the most frequently discussed metabolites. LC–MS/MS shows advantages in quantifying the levels of metabolites with good sensitivity and selectivity; however, the poor ionization efficiency and polar characteristics of SCFAs make their analysis challenging, especially when analyzing plasma samples with low SCFA concentrations. Moreover, without characteristic fragment ions for unconjugated BAs and different detection ion modes for TRP metabolites and BAs, GM analysis is complex and time-consuming. To overcome these problems, we developed a derivatization method combined with LC–MS/MS to enhance the sensitivity and LC retention of GMs. Through derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH), 7 SCFAs, 9 bile acids, and 6 tryptophan metabolites can be simultaneously analyzed via separation within 14 min on a reversed-phase C18 column. For accurate quantification, 13C6-3NPH-labeled standards were used as one-to-one internal standards. This derivatization approach was optimized and then validated. We further applied this method to investigate the targeted GM profile in patients with CVD. The results showed a significant reduction in plasma butyrate levels in CVD patients compared with healthy controls, suggesting its potentially protective role in CVD. In summary, this work provides a sensitive and effective LC–MS/MS method for simultaneously quantifying gut microbiota-related metabolites in human plasma, which could benefit various future gut microbiota-related studies.
Rationale
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and its associated mortality is on the rise. Metabolomics is a potential strategy for breast cancer detection. The post‐column ...infused internal standard (PCI‐IS)‐assisted liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for quantitative metabolomics. In this study, we evaluated the performance of targeted metabolomics with the PCI‐IS quantification method to identify women with breast cancer.
Methods
We used metabolite profiling to identify 17 dysregulated metabolites in breast cancer patients. Two LC/MS/MS methods in combination with the PCI‐IS strategy were developed to quantify these metabolites in plasma samples. Detection models were built through the analysis of plasma samples from 176 subjects consisting of healthy volunteers and breast cancer patients.
Results
Three isotope standards were selected as the PCI‐ISs for the metabolites. The accuracy was within 82.8–114.16%, except for citric acid and lactic acid at high concentration levels. The repeatability and intermediate precision were all lower than 15% relative standard deviation. We have identified several metabolites that indicate the presence of breast cancer. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity of the linear combinations of metabolite concentrations and age with the highest AUROC were 0.940 (0.889–0.992), 88.4% and 94.2% for pre‐menopausal woman, respectively, and 0.828 (0.734–0.922), 73.5% and 85.1% for post‐menopausal women, respectively.
Conclusions
The targeted metabolomics with PCI‐IS quantification method successfully established prediction models for breast cancer detection. Further study is essential to validate these proposed markers.
This paper extended the theory of planning behavior (ETPB) to examine the antecedents of consumer behavioral intention in order to explore the sustainable factors of a landscape restaurant. Following ...theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the related literature for landscape perception and preference, we initially developed a preliminary list of items, and after the expert review and pre-test, we employed a 33-item measure under a five-factor structure and collected a total of 395 valid questionnaires. The empirical results show that landscape perception and preference (LP&P), attitude (AT), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavior control (PBC) have positive impacts, among which LP&P has the most significantly positive impact on consumer behavioral intention. Thus, ETPB helps contribute to the decision-making model of landscape restaurants. Lastly, we discuss managerial implications and future research directions.
In this work, a simple and rapid synthesis method was developed to prepare silver nanoplates (AgNPLs) with a high aspect ratio. A microwave heating process with a high heating rate and uniform ...heating was used to promote the silver reduction reaction. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as the precursor of AgNPLs, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) played the role of a solvent and reducing agent. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) with a molecular weight of 29,000 and a PVP/AgNO3 ratio of 10 were used to control the shape of synthesized AgNPLs. By adjusting the optimal microwave heating parameters, temperature ramping rate, reaction time, and reaction temperature, triangular AgNPLs with high aspect ratios could be produced. The synthesized AgNPLs had an edge length up to 700 nm and a thickness of 35 nm with aspect ratios up to 20. The AgNPLs were also used to produce conductive patterns via pen writing with a conductivity of 2 × 106 S/m to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the synthesized nanomaterials for electronic applications.
The current treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is imperfect. Our study thus delves into the potential of using Dickkopf-1 antisense (DKK1-AS) to treat OI.
We analysed serum DKK1 levels and ...their correlation with lumbar spine and hip T-scores in OI patients. Comparative analyses were conducted involving bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and bone tissues from wild-type mice, untreated OI mice, and OI mice treated with DKK1-ASor DKK1-sense (DKK1-S).
Significant inverse correlations were noted between serum DKK1 levels and lumbar spine (correlation coefficient = - 0.679, p = 0.043) as well as hip T-scores (correlation coefficient = - 0.689, p = 0.042) in OI patients. DKK1-AS improved bone mineral density (p = 0.002), trabecular bone volume/total volume fraction (p < 0.001), trabecular separation (p = 0.010), trabecular thickness (p = 0.001), trabecular number (p < 0.001), and cortical thickness (p < 0.001) in OI mice. DKK1-AS enhanced the transcription of collagen 1α1, osteocalcin, runx2, and osterix in BMSC from OI mice (all p < 0.001), resulting in a higher von Kossa-stained matrix area (p < 0.001) in ex vivo osteogenesis assays. DKK1-AS also reduced osteoclast numbers (p < 0.001), increased β-catenin and T-cell factor 4 immunostaining reactivity (both p < 0.001), enhanced mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate per bone surface (both p < 0.001), and decreased osteoclast area (p < 0.001) in OI mice. DKK1-AS upregulated osteoprotegerin and downregulated nuclear factor-kappa B ligand transcription (both p < 0.001). Bone tissues from OI mice treated with DKK1-AS exhibited significantly higher breaking force compared to untreated OI mice (p < 0.001).
Our study elucidates that DKK1-AS has the capability to enhance bone mechanical properties, restore the transcription of osteogenic genes, promote osteogenesis, and inhibit osteoclastogenesis in OI mice.
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is an increasingly attractive plant for its health and pharmaceutical, beverage, and cosmetic applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical ...effects of roselle drink on antioxidant activity, blood pressure, and skin condition. Roselle drink used in this study contained rich phenolics (1.96 g of gallic acid equivalent/100 ml) and anthocyanins (1.65 g of cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalent/100 ml). In a randomized, cross‐over, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study, 39 healthy adults received drank 200 ml of roselle drink or placebo‐control drink for 6 months. A significant reduction in the blood pressure was observed in the roselle drink treated group when compared with preintervention values. After 6 months of treatment with roselle drink, serum phenolics contents, the levels of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and glutathione reductase (GSH‐Rd) were significantly increased in healthy subjects. However, a significant increment in skin redness and skin moisture was observed in the facial skin of roselle drink‐treated participants. Oral administration of roselle drink for 6 months significantly lowered the blood pressure, improved antioxidation level, and positively regulated skin redness as well as moisture. Phenolics and anthocyanins in roselle could be the major potential contributors to such health effects.
Practical applications
Roselle is a typical plant. Continuous administration of roselle drink clearly improved antioxidation levels, reduced blood pressure and positively regulated skin redness and moisture. Phenloics and anthocyanins in roselle could be the major potentila contributors of such health benefits.
Oral administration of roselle‐based drink for 6 months significantly lowered the blood pressure.
Roselle‐based drink treatment improved antioxidant status and lowered oxidative stress.
Roselle‐based drink positively regulated skin erythema as well as skin moisture.
Regular drinking of roselle‐based drink could significantly improve overall health status.
Swine are a critical amplifying host involved in human Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreaks. Cross-genotypic immunogenicity and sterile protection are important for the current genotype III (GIII) ...virus-derived vaccines in swine, especially now that emerging genotype I (GI) JE virus (JEV) has replaced GIII virus as the dominant strain. Herein, we aimed to develop a system to generate GI JEV virus-like particles (VLPs) and evaluate the immunogenicity and protection of the GI vaccine candidate in mice and specific pathogen-free swine. A CHO-heparan sulfate-deficient (CHO-HS(-)) cell clone, named 51-10 clone, stably expressing GI-JEV VLP was selected and continually secreted GI VLPs without signs of cell fusion. 51-10 VLPs formed a homogeneously empty-particle morphology and exhibited similar antigenic activity as GI virus. GI VLP-immunized mice showed balanced cross-neutralizing antibody titers against GI to GIV viruses (50% focus-reduction micro-neutralization assay titers 71 to 240) as well as potent protection against GI or GIII virus infection. GI VLP-immunized swine challenged with GI or GIII viruses showed no fever, viremia, or viral RNA in tonsils, lymph nodes, and brains as compared with phosphate buffered saline-immunized swine. We thus conclude GI VLPs can provide sterile protection against GI and GIII viruses in swine.
The virulence of genotype I (GI) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is under debate. We investigated differences in the virulence of GI and GIII JEV by calculating asymptomatic ratios based on ...serologic studies during GI- and GIII-JEV endemic periods. The results suggested equal virulence of GI and GIII JEV among humans.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
(1) Background: This study investigates the effects of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on NF-κB signaling, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) singling, and microRNA-21 in HepG2 cells. (2) Methods: HepG2 cells ...were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate hepatic inflammation. The investigation focused on the expression of NF-κB activation, which was analyzed using Western blot, confocal microscopy, and Electrophoretic Mobility-shift Assays (EMSA). Additionally, NF-κB and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) singling expressions of micro-RNA-21, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, cyp7A1, and shp were assessed by RT-PCR. (3) Results: UDCA effectively downregulated LPS-induced expressions of NF-κB/65, p65 phosphorylation, and also downregulated FXR activity by Western blot. Confocal microscopy and EMSA results confirmed UDCA’s role in modulating NF-κB signaling. UDCA reduced the expressions of LPS-induced COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6, which were related to NF-κB signaling. UDCA downregulated LPS-induced cyp7A1 gene expression and upregulated shp gene expression, demonstrating selective gene regulation via FXR. UDCA also significantly decreased micro-RNA 21 levels. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates UDCA’s potent anti-inflammatory effects on NF-κB and FXR signaling pathways, and thus its potential to modulate hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis through interactions with NF-κB and FXR. The decrease in micro-RNA 21 expression further underscores its therapeutic potential.
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