Fuzhong buffalo, a native breed of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is traditionally used as a draft animal to provide farm power in the rice cultivation. In addition, the Fuzhong buffalo also ...prepared for the bullfighting festival organized by the locals. The detection of the selective signatures in its genome can help in elucidating the selection mechanisms in its stamina and muscle development of a draft animal.
In this study, we analyzed 27 whole genomes of buffalo (including 15 Fuzhong buffalo genomes and 12 published buffalo genomes from Upper Yangtze region). The ZHp, ZFst, π-Ratio, and XP-EHH statistics were used to identify the candidate signatures of positive selection in Fuzhong buffalo. Our results detected a set of candidate genes involving in the pathways and GO terms associated with the response to exercise (e.g., ALDOA, STAT3, AKT2, EIF4E2, CACNA2D2, TCF4, CDH2), immunity (e.g., PTPN22, NKX2-3, PIK3R1, ITK, TMEM173), nervous system (e.g., PTPN21, ROBO1, HOMER1, MAGI2, SLC1A3, NRG3, SNAP47, CTNNA2, ADGRL3). In addition, we also identified several genes related to production and growth traits (e.g., PHLPP1, PRKN, MACF1, UCN3, RALGAPA1, PHKB, PKD1L). Our results depicted several pathways, GO terms, and candidate genes to be associated with response to exercise, immunity, nervous system, and growth traits.
The selective sweep analysis of the Fuzhong buffalo demonstrated positive selection pressure on potential target genes involved in behavior, immunity, and growth traits, etc. Our findings provided a valuable resource for future research on buffalo breeding and an insight into the mechanisms of artificial selection.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Currently, multidrug-resistant Salmonella contamination prevention and control are facing with enormous difficulties and challenges in food contamination management. In this study, two lytic ...Salmonella phages (SWJM-01 and SWJM-02), belonged to Kuttervirus and Felixounavirus family, respectively, were isolated and characterized. The dsDNA genome sequence of SWJM-01 was 155,472 bp with 44.91% GC content, encoding 206 open reading frames (ORFs), while SWJM-02 was 84,679 bp with 38.98% GC content, encoding 147 ORFs. The latent periods of SWJM-01 and SWJM-02 were both 20 min. Their burst sizes were about 52 and 108 FPU/infected cell, respectively. SWJM-01 and SWJM-02 can lytic19.1% and 95.2% of Salmonella (total 42 strains), respectively, revealing that SWJM-02 is bacteriophage with wide spectrum. In addition, they both maintained relatively high activities in broad environment conditions of pH (4–12) and temperature (30–60 °C). Furthermore, the OD600 values after treatment with SWJM-01, SWJM-02 and their cocktail declined to 1.037, 0.762 and 0.341, respectively, as well as the bacterial counts in lettuce and milk significantly reduced after treatment with phages and their cocktail at 4 °C for 3 d. All results suggested that these two phages can be used as antibacterial agents to control Salmonella contamination in foods, especially phage cocktail.
•Two lytic Salmonella phages (SWJM-01, SWJM-02) were isolated and identified.•SWJM-01 and SWJM-02 can effectively control the growth of Salmonella.•SWJM-02 with a broad host rang was stable in extreme alkaline environment.•Phage cocktail was a potential agent for biocontrol in foods during cold storage.
•An in vitro fermentation of FCS-pg by human gut microflora was investigated.•FCS-pg can be digested by gut microflora from partial human fecal samples.•FCS-pg was mainly fermented by Bacteroides, ...Bifidobacterium and Clostridium.•It increased the content of probiotics bacteria in achieving health-enhancing effect.
A fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS-pg) with highly repeated structure from Pearsonothuria graeffei was subjected to a in vitro fermentation model to investigate its fermentability and effects on human gut microflora. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurement found FCS-pg can be fermented to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut microflora from partial human fecal samples. 16S rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiling and real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that FCS-pg mainly increased the proportions of Clostridium cluster XI, Bacteriodes prevotella group, Bifidobacterium genus, Clostridium cluster I and Clostridium cluster XIVab, whereas the numbers of the Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus decreased. These results indicated that FCS-pg was mainly fermented by Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium. It increased the content of probiotics bacteria in achieving health-enhancing effect, was slightly different than most sulfated polysaccharides from marine animals. The current study provides useful new information on the mechanism of absorption and functional activity on FCS-pg within the gastrointestinal tract of the human body.
The MEMS design and modeling tools that have been developed typically rely on finite element models, or even more coarse-grained macro models. However, some of the next generation of MEMS devices ...will be so small that the finite element models are pushed to the atomic limit where they fail, and a new type of model becomes necessary. The aim of this research work is to provide a systematic method to perform molecular dynamics simulation or evaluation for adhesion of micro/nano-gear train during surface sliding friction in MEMS. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations of adhesion problem in micro-gear train are proposed. Based on analysis of surface sliding friction and the transmitting characteristics of micro-gear train, a simplified model to simulate surface sliding between metals by MD is proposed because the surface property is a dominant factor for the performance of gear system. The simulation results show that adhesion tends to occur between two micro-gears after certain cycles and such adhesion accounts for the friction force and the temperature increase. The driving force also plays a significant role on adhesion of micro-gears. The simulation results are in consistence with the experimental results in the literature. The MD model presented in this paper meets a lot of the important requirements of the tribology design of micro-gears and other heterogeneous MEMS. It is meaningful to prolong the lifetime of micro-gear train by using the model to select proper parameters.
Aim. To investigate the diagnostic yield and etiologies of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) using capsule endoscopy (CE) or double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). Method. We studied ...the data of 532 consecutive patients with OGIB that were referred to Xinqiao Hospital in Chongqing from December 2005 to January 2012. A lesion that was believed to be the source of the bleeding (ulceration, mass lesion, vascular lesion, visible blood, inflammation, or others) was considered to be a positive finding. We analyzed the diagnostic yield of CE and SBE and the etiologies of OGIB. Result. CE and SBE have similar diagnostic yields, at 71.9% (196/231) and 71.8% (251/304), respectively. The most common etiology was erosions/ulceration (27.1%) followed by mass lesion (19.4%) and angiodysplastic/vascular lesions (13.9%). By stratified analysis, we found that erosions/ulceration (27.1%) was the most common etiology for the 21–40-year age group. Mass lesion was the most common etiology in the 41–60-year age group. However, in the >60 years age group, angiodysplastic/vascular lesions were significantly increased compared with the other groups, even though erosions/ulceration was most common. Conclusion. In this study, we found that CE and SBE have similar diagnostic yields and erosions/ulceration was the most common reason for OGIB, followed by mass lesion and angiodysplasias.
Background Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a non-neoplastic histiocytic proliferation predominantly affecting lymph nodes, and ...usually presents with massive painless cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied by fever and weight loss. Extranodal involvement occurs in over 40% of patients; however, isolated extranodal disease without lymph node involvement is unusual. Although extranodal involvement has been reported in diverse sites, central nervous system manifestation, particularly in spinal cord is distinctly rare. It is a diagnostic challenge for radiologists and histopathologists to differentiate RDD from other spinal lesions because of its similarities in radiological and histological findings. Herein we describe a case of unusual isolated RDD in spinal cord. The radiology and clinicopathology of this lesion, as well as its differential diagnosis are discussed. Methods The clinical manifestation of a patient with intraspinal primary RDD occurring C3-6 level was presented retrospectively. Gross resected mass was routinely paraffin-embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Dako EnVision immunohistochemical staining system was used to detect the tumor antigen expressions, including S-100 protein (S-100), CD1a and CD68 (KP-1). Results A 25-year-old female patient presented with 3-month history of numbness and weakness in both upper limbs associated with an increasing neck back pain. There was no fever and lymphadenopathy found in the patient. MRI of the whole spine revealed a subdural mass extending from C3 to C6 level of cervical spinal cord with homogeneous enhancement after contrast administration. Laminectomy and midline opening of the dura were performed. The subdural lesion appeared to have no capsule and attach the dura mater. The lesion was removed totally. Under the microscopic examination, dense fibrosis and intense chronic inflammation with focal neutrophilic infiltrates were noted. The clusters of large histiocytes with eosinophilic, finely granular cytoplasm and multinucleate giant cells were also observed in the lesion. Emperipolesis with intact lymphocytes within the cytoplasm of the large histiocytes were present. Mitotic activity and necrotic area were not observed. Special stains for organisms were negative. By immunohistochemical analysis, the characteristic histiocytes were positive for S-100 and CD68 and negative for CD1a. Based on clinical presentations and histological findings, a final histological diagnosis of primary RDD in spinal cord was made according to the criteria of WHO classification. The patient did not receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and attended follow-up for 12 months, without any neurological deficit or signs of recurrence. Conclusions Isolated intraspinal RDD is rare. The definite diagnosis of this lesion should be made under the microscopical examination because the preoperative radiological appearance of the lesion does not differ from other lesions occurring in spinal cord, such as inflammatory pseudotumor, meningioma and lymphoma. Although good prognosis is obtained from gross total resection in most of reported patients with this lesion, recurrence could be found in individual cases, and chemotherapy and (or) radiotherapy had been applied for a few cases with multiple organs involvement to control the progression of lesion. Due to the rarity of its site, the strictly differential diagnosis should be made when the isolated RDD is encountered in spinal cord.
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