•Leverage the website hyperlink structure to discover new inherent phishing patterns.•Enhance phishing detection rate using novel features derived from the web graph.•This is the first work that ...fully utilises graph features for phishing detection.•Graph features attain accuracies up to 97.8% and outperform conventional features.•Achieve immutability and robustness against evolving phishing schemes.
Over the years, various technical means have been developed to protect Internet users from phishing attacks. To enrich the anti-phishing efforts, we capitalise on concepts from graph theories, and propose a set of novel graph features to improve the phishing detection accuracy. The initial phase of the proposed technique involved the extraction of hyperlinks in the webpage under scrutiny and fetching the corresponding neighbourhood webpages. During this process, the page linking data were collected, and used to construct a web graph which models the overall hyperlink and network structure of the webpage. From the web graph, graph measures were computed and extracted as graph features to derive a classifier for detecting phishing webpages. Experimental results show that the proposed graph features achieve an improved overall accuracy of 97.8% when C4.5 was utilised as classifier, outperforming the existing conventional features derived from the same data samples. Unlike conventional features, the proposed graph features leverage inherent phishing patterns that are only visible at a higher level of abstraction, thus making it robust and difficult to be evaded by direct manipulations on the webpage contents. Our proposed graph-based technique also shows promising results when benchmarked against a prominent phishing detection technique. Hence, the proposed technique is an important contribution to the existing anti-phishing research towards improving the detection performance.
Salmonella genomic island 1 (variant SGI1-J3) has been previously identified in multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolated from humans in 1994. In this study, ...antimicrobial resistance, genotypes and genetic relationship were investigated in 96 S. Virchow isolates collected from humans in 2004–2006. XbaI-PFGE analysis separated 96 isolates into two main related clusters, I and II, which consisted of four major pulsotypes differing in prevalence by year. The majority of isolates were MDR to chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, trimethoprim and tetracyclines associated with antimicrobial resistance genes dfrA1, floR2, sulI and tet(G) of variant SGI1-J3. Among nine variants, we determined two novel variants, SGI1-J4 and -J5, which have undergone different homologous recombinational events resulting in partial deletions of the MDR region. The first one contained an empty integron structure and the second presented a deletion extending from the IS6100 element to the adjacent SGI1 backbone. SGI1-J3 is largely encountered in clonally related MDR S. Virchow isolates collected from humans, which spread vertically. The genomic island SGI1 appears to be largely responsible for the diversity of MDR phenotypes among S. Virchow isolates in Taiwan.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromic light-emitting diode (LED) light with different color on the growth and reproductive performances of white Roman breeder geese. ...A randomized complete batch design was utilized for the trial, and the replicate was regarded as one batch. Twenty ganders and fifty-five dames were used in batch 1 (started on 2011/6/17 and ended on 2012/1/31), thirty ganders and eighty-four dames were used in batch 2 (started on 2012/3/23 and ended on 2012/10/26), and thirty ganders and seventy-two dames were used in batch 3 (started on 2013/3/12 and ended on 2013/12/20). Two hundred and ninety-one geese were randomly assigned to 6 rooms in an environmentally controlled house. They were randomly allotted into one of three monochromatic light treatments: Blue, red, or white. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight among the three lighting groups at any point throughout the experimental period. However, compared to the blue light group, significantly more eggs were produced by the red and white light groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, the laying period of the red light group was significantly longer than that of other two groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that red LED-light has the best effect on reproductive performance (i.e. longer laying period and higher total eggs number) at 30 lux light intensity, and is therefore a better choice for the management of breeding geese than blue or white LED-light.
The present study investigated stocking density and genetic lines, factors that may alter the severity and incidence of angel wing (AW), in White Roman geese. Geese (n = 384) from two genetically ...selected lines (normal- winged line, NL, and angel-winged line, AL, respectively) and one commercial line (CL) were raised in four pens. Following common commercial practice, low-stocking-density (LD), medium-stocking-density, and high-stocking-density treatments were respectively administered to 24, 32, and 40 geese per pen at 0 to 3 weeks (1.92 m(2)/pen) and 4 to 6 weeks (13.2 m(2)/pen) of age and to 24, 30, and 36 geese at 7 to 14 weeks (20.0 m(2)/pen) of age. The results revealed that stocking density mainly affected body weight gain in geese younger than 4 weeks, and that geese subjected to LD had a high body weight at 2 weeks of age. However, the effect of stocking density on the severity score of AW (SSAW) and incidence of AW (IAW) did not differ significantly among the treatments. Differences were observed among the genetic stocks; that is, SSAW and IAW were significantly higher in AL than in NL and CL. Genetic selection generally aggravates AW, complicating its elimination. To effectively reduce IAW, stocking density, a suspected causal factor, should be lower than that presently applied commercially.
The discovery of the link between defective apoptotic regulation and cancer cell survival engendered the idea of targeting aberrant components of the apoptotic machinery for cancer therapy. The ...intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is tightly controlled by interactions amongst members of three distinct subgroups of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family of proteins. The pro-survival BCL2 proteins prevent apoptosis by keeping the pro-apoptotic effector proteins BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) in check, while the BH3-only proteins initiate apoptosis by either neutralizing the pro-survival BCL2 proteins or directly activating the pro-apoptotic effector proteins. This tripartite regulatory mechanism is commonly perturbed in B-cell malignancies facilitating cell death evasion. Over the past two decades, structure-based drug discovery has resulted in the development of a series of small molecules that mimic the function of BH3-only proteins called the BH3 mimetics. The most clinically advanced of these is venetoclax, which is a highly selective inhibitor of BCL2 that has transformed the treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Other BH3 mimetics, which selectively target myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) and B-cell lymphoma extra large (BCLxL), are currently under investigation for use in diverse malignancies. Here, we review the current role of BH3 mimetics in the treatment of CLL and other B-cell malignancies and address open questions in this rapidly evolving field.
In this paper, we propose an extended car-following model and an electricity consumption model to study the effects of the road’s slope on the electric vehicle’s electricity consumption. The ...numerical results show that each electric vehicle’s electricity consumption increases with the uphill’s tilt angle and decreases with the downhill’s tilt angle. In addition, each electric vehicle’s electricity consumption increases with the uphill’s (downhill’s) length under a certain tilt angle.
•An extended car-following model is proposed.•An electricity consumption model is proposed.•The electric vehicle’s electricity consumption is explored on uphill.•The electric vehicle’s electricity consumption is studied on downhill.
In China, policy and social taboo prevent unmarried adolescents from accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Research is needed to determine the SRH needs of highly disadvantaged ...groups, such as adolescent female sex workers (FSWs). This study describes SRH knowledge, contraception use, pregnancy, and factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception among adolescent FSWs in Kunming, China.
A cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was employed to recruit adolescents aged 15 to 20 years, and who self-reported having received money or gifts in exchange for sex in the past 6 months. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered by trained peer educators or health workers. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine correlates of low knowledge and unmet need for modern contraception.
SRH knowledge was poor among the 310 adolescents surveyed; only 39% had heard of any long-acting reversible contraception (implant, injection or IUD). Despite 98% reporting not wanting to get pregnant, just 43% reported consistent condom use and 28% currently used another form of modern contraception. Unmet need for modern contraception was found in 35% of adolescents, and was associated with having a current non-paying partner, regular alcohol use, and having poorer SRH knowledge. Past abortion was common (136, 44%). In the past year, 76% had reported a contraception consultation but only 27% reported ever receiving SRH information from a health service.
This study demonstrated a low level of SRH knowledge, a high unmet need for modern contraception and a high prevalence of unintended pregnancy among adolescent FSWs in Kunming. Most girls relied on condoms, emergency contraception, or traditional methods, putting them at risk of unwanted pregnancy. This study identifies an urgent need for Chinese adolescent FSWs to be able to access quality SRH information and effective modern contraception.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this the first of a series of Letters, we present a panchromatic data set in the Extended Groth Strip region of the sky. Our survey, the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey ...(AEGIS), aims to study the physical properties and evolutionary processes of galaxies at z 6 1. It includes the following deep, wide-field imaging data sets: Chandra/ACIS X-ray, GALEX ultraviolet, CFHT/MegaCam Legacy Survey optical, CFHT/CFH12K optical, Hubble Space Telescope/ACS optical and NICMOS near-infrared, Palomar/WIRC near-infrared, Spitzer/IRAC mid-infrared, Spitzer/MIPS far-infrared, and VLA radio continuum. In addition, mis region of the sky has been targeted for extensive spectroscopy using the Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) on the Keck II 10 m telescope. Our survey is compared to other large multiwavelength surveys in terms of depth and sky coverage.
Summary Objective The present study aimed to determine the role of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and EAA transporters (EAATs) in an osteoarthritis (OA) model of rabbit knees. Methods OA was induced ...in New Zealand white male rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in one knee of one hind limb; the other knee left unoperated. Rabbits that received ACLT of knee were assigned to the ACLT group ( n = 6), while a sham-operated group ( n = 6) underwent arthrotomy with no ACLT. Six naïve rabbits that received no surgery were used as normal control. The width of the knee joint was measured to determine the severity of joint inflammation. Before operation and at 10, 20, and 30 weeks after operation, knee joint dialysates were collected by microdialysis and assayed for EAAs by high-performance liquid chromatography. Gross morphology and histopathology and EAATs glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expression in the articular cartilage of the knees were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results In the ACLT knees, a significant increase in the joint width was observed (5.3 ± 0.9 mm, P < 0.05) at 30 weeks after operation, while the sham-operated and naïve knees showed no difference as compared with the basal values. The concentrations (μM) of aspartate and glutamate in knee dialysates at 30 weeks after ACLT in naïve, sham, and ACLT were 0.36 ± 0.07 and 4.5 ± 1.10; 0.38 ± 0.09 and 4.61 ± 1.11; 0.67 ± 0.18 and 9.71 ± 2.89, respectively. Levels of glutamate and aspartate in the dialysates obtained from the ACLT knees increased by 213.3 ± 29.6% and 187.5 ± 33.8% ( P < 0.05) when compared to those in the sham-operated knees. Both naïve and ACLT chondrocytes were positively stained by antibodies against GLAST and GLT-1. GLAST and GLT-1 protein expressions were significantly increased in the ACLT knees ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate an involvement of EAAs and EAATs in the pathogenesis of OA in ACLT rabbits.
Cache optimization, i.e., determining the optimal content placement and routing paths, is essential for obtaining high performance of cache-enabled networks. This paper studies the problem of ...optimizing system throughput and content delivery cost over cache networks with lossy links (i.e., ICN-based wireless IoT systems), where content is divided into packet-level chunks, and packets may be lost in transmission. We first propose a new performance metric - the expected overall content routing cost for satisfied requests (RCS), for better characterizing content delivery cost under packet losses. RCS at the same time possesses the attractive mathematical property of super-modularity. We then formulate an optimization problem for the task through jointly optimizing content caching and request routing, and analyze it under fixed-routing scenario. The formulated problem is NP-hard and we prove it is reducible to the one of minimizing content routing cost without packet losses. We establish rules for the reduction, and leverage existing efficient algorithm to solve the problem. We also propose a potential -based online algorithm that is simple and adaptive to traffic changes and packet losses. The effectiveness of our mechanism is validated through extensive simulations over a wide array of network topologies.
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