3D cellular graphene films with open porosity, high electrical conductivity, and good tensile strength, can be synthesized by a method combining freeze‐casting and filtration. The resulting ...supercapacitors based on 3D porous reduced graphene oxide (RGO) film exhibit extremely high specific power densities and high energy densities. The fabrication process provides an effective means for controlling the pore size, electronic conductivity, and loading mass of the electrode materials, toward devices with high energy‐storage performance.
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and metastasis in lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Thus, understanding the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis ...will improve the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we found that expression of cluster of differentiation 109 (CD109) was correlated with the invasive and metastatic capacities of lung adenocarcinoma cells. CD109 is upregulated in tumorous tissues, and CD109 overexpression was associated with tumor progression, distant metastasis, and a poor prognosis in patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, expression of CD109 regulates protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling via its association with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of CD109 decreases EGFR phosphorylation, diminishes EGF‐elicited activation of AKT/mTOR, and sensitizes tumor cells to an EGFR inhibitor. Taken together, our results show that CD109 is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in lung cancer patients.
CD109 promotes lung cancer metastasis through promoting EGFR‐AKT‐mTOR signaling and CD109 is an independent prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma.
MEMS based 3D double stacked tower pixel biosensor 10 × 10 array with integration of readout circuit for detection of saliva pH ion is demonstrated. The pixel biosensor comprised a driving electrode, ...sensing electrode and double stack tower pixel structure. The sensitivity of double stacked tower biosensor can be auxiliary enhanced by proposed lower-jitter low dropout regulator circuit and dual offset cancellation comparator. The double stacked tower sensor is fabricated by MEMS backend-of-line CMOS process, it is compatible with CMOS frontend readout circuits and integrated as a system-on-chip (SoC). The double stacked tower pixel by MEMS process is to obtain a larger volume ratio of charge groups in a pixel of biosensor to enhance the sensitivity and linearity for ion detection. With the double stacked tower structure in biosensor, the sensitivity is improved by 31% than that of single tower structure proved by simulation. A wide-range linearity from pH 2.0 to pH 8.3, high sensitivity of -21 ADC counts/pH (or 212 mV/pH), response time of 5 s, repetition of 98.9%, and drift over time of 0.5 mV are achieved. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor was performed to confirm the artificial saliva from healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, the measured ADC counts from proposed biosensor SoC was in consistent of that measured cyclic voltametric (CV) method very well. The proposed 3D double stack tower biosensor and readout circuit can be further integrated with internet-of-thing (IoT) device and NFC for data transmission for continuous pH sensing to facilitate the chronic gingiva disease health care at home.
The conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) has been considered to be a promising pseudocapacitive electrode material for supercapacitors due to its high specific capacitance, low cost, and ...environmental friendliness. However, the poor cycling stability of PANI during the charge–discharge processes limits its widespread practical application. Herein, a facile synthetic method is demonstrated for covalently grafting an aniline tetramer (TANI), the basic building block of PANI, onto 3D graphene networks via perfluorophenylazide coupling chemistry to create a hybrid electrode material for ultralong‐life supercapacitors. The design, which substitutes long‐chain PANI with short‐chain TANI and introduces covalent linkages between TANI and 3D graphene, greatly enhances the charge–discharge cycling stability of PANI‐based supercapacitors. The electrode material, as well as the fabricated symmetric all‐solid‐state supercapacitors, exhibit extraordinary long cycle life (>85% capacitance retention after 30 000 charge–discharge cycles). The capacitance can be further boosted through fast and reversible redox reactions on the electrode surface using a redox‐active electrolyte while maintaining outstanding cycling stability (82% capacitance retention after 100 000 cycles for a symmetric all‐solid‐state device). While conducting polymers are known to be limited by their poor cycling stability, this work provides an effective strategy to achieve enhanced cycle life for conducting polymer‐based energy storage devices.
Through a one‐step solvothermal self‐assembly process, a facile “grafting to” approach via perfluorophenylazide coupling chemistry is demonstrated for the synthesis of a 3D graphene network with a covalently grafted aniline tetramer. The resulting electrode, as well as the fabricated symmetric supercapacitors, exhibit exceptional cycling stability, and a redox‐active electrolyte additive is further incorporated to boost the capacitance.
Supercapacitors have emerged as one of the leading energy‐storage technologies due to their short charge/discharge time and exceptional cycling stability; however, the state‐of‐the‐art energy density ...is relatively low. Hybrid electrodes based on transition metal oxides and carbon‐based materials are considered to be promising candidates to overcome this limitation. Herein, a rational design of graphene/VOx electrodes is proposed that incorporates vanadium oxides with multiple oxidation states onto highly conductive graphene scaffolds synthesized via a facile laser‐scribing process. The graphene/VOx electrodes exhibit a large potential window with a high three‐electrode specific capacitance of 1110 F g–1. The aqueous graphene/VOx symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs) can reach a high energy density of 54 Wh kg–1 with virtually no capacitance loss after 20 000 cycles. Moreover, the flexible quasi‐solid‐state graphene/VOx SSCs can reach a very high energy density of 72 Wh kg–1, or 7.7 mWh cm–3, outperforming many commercial devices. With Rct < 0.02 Ω and Coulombic efficiency close to 100%, these gel graphene/VOx SSCs can retain 92% of their capacitance after 20 000 cycles. The process enables the direct fabrication of redox‐active electrodes that can be integrated with essentially any substrate including silicon wafers and flexible substrates, showing great promise for next‐generation large‐area flexible displays and wearable electronic devices.
The vanadium oxides/graphene hybrid electrodes fabricated by a facile laser irradiation method have a high specific capacitance and a wide electrochemical window due to the presence of multiple vanadium oxidation states. The aqueous and gel symmetric supercapacitors based on the electrodes show high energy densities and power densities, excellent cycling stability and outstanding Coulombic efficiencies.
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We propose a novel way to search for axion(-like) particles in heavy-ion collisions using prompt photons as the probe and the property of conversion between photon and axion(-like) ...particles under a strong magnetic field generated in the non-central collisions. The expected result reveals that a new phase space region of the coupling constant for photon and axion(-like) particles can be covered in the future high energy nuclear colliders.
The unique properties of self‐healing materials hold great potential in battery systems, which can exhibit excellent deformability and return to its original shape after cycling. Herein, a Cu3BiS3 ...anode material with self‐healing mechanisms is proposed for use in ultrastable potassium‐ion battery (PIB) and potassium‐ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC). Different from the binder design, Cu3BiS3 anode can exhibit the dual advantages of phase and morphological reversibility, further remaining original property after potassiation/depotassiation and exhibiting ultrastable cycling performance. The reversible electrochemical reconstruction during the continuous charge/discharge processes is beneficial to maintain the structure and function of the material. Furthermore, the conversion reactions during the charge and discharge process produce two advantages: i) suppressing the shuttle effect due to the formation of the heterostructure interface between Cu (111) and Bi (012); ii) Cu can avoid the agglomeration of Bi nanoparticles (NPs), further improving the electrochemical performance and long‐cycle stability of the Cu3BiS3 electrode. As a result, the Cu3BiS3 electrode not only exhibits a long cycle life in half cells, but also 2000 cycles and 12000 cycles in PIB and PIHC full cells, respectively.
A Cu3BiS3 anode material with a self‐healing mechanism for potassium ion storage devices is proposed, which shows an electrochemical reconstruction of phase reversibility and morphological reversibility. The self‐healing process can suppress the shuttle effect and avoid the agglomeration of Bi nanoparticles.
•Development of a novel mutli-stimuli-responsive fucoidan/protamine nanoparticle.•P-selectin targeting, charge conversion, and stimuli-responsive properties.•Drug release was triggred by enzymatic ...digestion and acidic intracellular pH.•DOX-loaded nanoparticles improved inhibitory effect against MDA-MB-468 cancer cells.
Fucoidan, a sulfated marine polysaccharide, has many potential biological functions, including anticancer activity. Recently, fucoidan has been reported to target P-selectin expressed on metastatic cancer cells. Increasing research attention has been devoted to the developments of fucoidan-based nanomedicine. However, the application of traditional chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles in anticancer drug delivery may be limited due to the deprotonation of chitosan at a pH greater than 6.5. In this study, a mutli-stimuli-responsive nanoparticle self-assembled by fucoidan and a cationic polypeptide (protamine) was developed, and their pH-/enzyme-responsive properties were characterized by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. Enzymatic digestion and acidic intracellular microenvironment (pH 4.5–5.5) in cancer cells triggered the release of an anticancer drug (doxorubicin) from the nanoparticles. The protamine/fucoidan complex nanoparticles with P-selectin mediated endocytosis, charge conversion and stimuli-tunable release properties showed an improved inhibitory effect against a metastatic breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231).
A critical issue of current speech-based sequence-to-one learning tasks, such as speech emotion recognition (SER), is the dynamic temporal modeling for speech sentences with different durations. The ...goal is to extract an informative representation vector of the sentence from acoustic feature sequences with varied length. Traditional methods rely on static descriptions such as statistical functions or a universal background model (UBM), which are not capable of characterizing dynamic temporal changes. Recent advances in deep learning architectures provide promising results, directly extracting sentence-level representations from frame-level features. However, conventional cropping and padding techniques that deal with varied length sequences are not optimal, since they truncate or artificially add sentence-level information. Therefore, we propose a novel dynamic chunking approach, which maps the original sequences of different lengths into a fixed number of chunks that have the same duration by adjusting their overlap. This simple chunking procedure creates a flexible framework that can incorporate different feature extractions and sentence-level temporal aggregation approaches to cope, in a principled way, with different sequence-to-one tasks. Our experimental results based on three databases demonstrate that the proposed framework provides: 1) improvement in recognition accuracy, 2) robustness toward different temporal length predictions, and 3) high model computational efficiency advantages.
Conducting polymers like polyaniline (PANI) are promising pseudocapacitive electrode materials, yet experience instability in cycling performance. Since polymers often degrade into oligomers, short ...chain length anilines have been developed to improve the cycling stability of PANI‐based supercapacitors. However, the capacitance degradation mechanisms of aniline oligomer‐based materials have not been systematically investigated and are little understood. Herein, two composite electrodes based on aniline trimers (AT) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied as model systems and evaluated at both pre‐cycling and post‐cycling states through physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations. The favorable effect of covalent bonding between AT and CNTs is confirmed to enhance cycling stability by preventing the detachment of aniline trimer and preserving the electrode microstructure throughout the charge/discharge cycling process. In addition, higher porosity has a positive effect on electron/ion transfer and the adaptation to volumetric changes, resulting in higher conductivity and extended cycle life. This work provides insights into the mechanism of enhanced cycling stability of aniline oligomers, indicating design features for aniline oligomer electrode materials to improve their electrochemical performance.
The mechanism behind the cycling stability of aniline trimer‐based electrode materials is systematically explored. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations carried out at pre‐cycling and post‐cycling states reveal that the covalent linkages between aniline trimers and carbon nanotubes as well as the high porosity of the electrode material contribute to the improvement of long‐term cycling stability.
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