Colloidal quantum dots which can emit red, green, and blue colors are incorporated with a micro-LED array to demonstrate a feasible choice for future display technology. The pitch of the micro-LED ...array is 40 μm, which is sufficient for high-resolution screen applications. The method that was used to spray the quantum dots in such tight space is called Aerosol Jet technology which uses atomizer and gas flow control to obtain uniform and controlled narrow spots. The ultra-violet LEDs are used in the array to excite the red, green and blue quantum dots on the top surface. To increase the utilization of the UV photons, a layer of distributed Bragg reflector was laid down on the device to reflect most of the leaked UV photons back to the quantum dot layers. With this mechanism, the enhanced luminous flux is 194% (blue), 173% (green) and 183% (red) more than that of the samples without the reflector. The luminous efficacy of radiation (LER) was measured under various currents and a value of 165 lm/Watt was recorded.
The two-membrane envelope is a defining feature of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts evolved from a Gram-negative cyanobacterial endosymbiont. During evolution, genes of the endosymbiont have been ...transferred to the host nuclear genome. Most chloroplast proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as higher-molecular-mass preproteins with an N-terminal transit peptide. Preproteins are transported into chloroplasts by the TOC and TIC (translocons at the outer- and inner-envelope membranes of chloroplasts, respectively) machineries
, but how TOC and TIC are assembled together is unknown. Here we report the identification of the TIC component TIC236; TIC236 is an integral inner-membrane protein that projects a 230-kDa domain into the intermembrane space, which binds directly to the outer-membrane channel TOC75. The knockout mutation of TIC236 is embryonically lethal. In TIC236-knockdown mutants, a smaller amount of the inner-membrane channel TIC20 was associated with TOC75; the amount of TOC-TIC supercomplexes was also reduced. This resulted in a reduced import rate into the stroma, though outer-membrane protein insertion was unaffected. The size and the essential nature of TIC236 indicate that-unlike in mitochondria, in which the outer- and inner-membrane translocons exist as separate complexes and a supercomplex is only transiently assembled during preprotein translocation
-a long and stable protein bridge in the intermembrane space is required for protein translocation into chloroplasts. Furthermore, TIC236 and TOC75 are homologues of bacterial inner-membrane TamB
and outer-membrane BamA, respectively. Our evolutionary analyses show that, similar to TOC75, TIC236 is preserved only in plants and has co-evolved with TOC75 throughout the plant lineage. This suggests that the backbone of the chloroplast protein-import machinery evolved from the bacterial TamB-BamA protein-secretion system.
Defects within the nanoscale UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF) are created to lock a hybrid phosphonoacetate ligand through Zr-O-P linkages, leaving the carboxyl group free to anchor cisplatin ...prodrug cis, cis, trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2(OH)2. A drug loading of 256.5 mg g-1 (25.7 wt% based on cisplatin) was achieved with a Zr6 : Pt : P ratio of 1.5 : 1 : 1, which surpasses defect-free UiO-66 and several other MOF carriers. This framework exhibited a burst release of its payload in PBS solution in the first 2 h, releasing 71% of the drug, including a 50% payload release in less than 1 h. This work demonstrates that MOF defects can be intentionally engineered to achieve a high drug loading, and serves as an alternative to drug encapsulation using the pore void and through the association of the functionalized ligand.
In this paper, we synthesized layered crystals of bis(μ
2
-chlor)-tris(triphenylphosphine)-di-copper(
i
) (CTC) and bis(μ
2
-bromo)-tris(triphenylphosphine)-di-copper(
i
) (BTC)
via
electrochemical ...synthesis in an ambient environment. The crystal stands edge-on to the copper substrate in the electrochemical synthesis, which would enhance the charge transfer between the crystal and the substrate, promoting its photoelectric properties. Combined with density functional theory calculations, the optical absorption and emission are the crystals were studied to obtain a clarified mechanism. Using a chemical etching strategy, we can obtain BTC microtubes with tunable cavities, which can be used as microscopic containers.
A luminescent microtube with a tunable cavity was prepared using a chemical etching strategy. The crystal growth, microtube formation, and further applications were studied.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is currently the most commonly used method in clinical practice to measure body composition. However, the bioelectrical impedance analyzer is not designed ...according to different countries, races, and elderly populations. Because different races may have different body compositions, a prediction model for the elderly population in Taiwan should be developed to avoid population bias, thereby improving the accuracy of community evaluation surveys.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as a standard method for comparison, and impedance analysis was used for the development of a highly accurate predictive model that is suitable for assessing the body composition of elderly people.This study employed a cross-sectional design and recruited 438 elderly people who were undergoing health examinations at the health management center in the Tri-Service General Hospital as study subjects. Basic demographic variables and impedance analysis values were used in four predictive models, namely, linear regression, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models, to predict DXA body composition. The data from 354 study subjects were used to develop the predictive model, while the data from 84 study subjects were used to validate the accuracy of the predictive model.The body composition of elderly people as estimated by InBody 720 was highly correlated with that estimated by DXA. The correlation coefficient between InBody 720 and DXA for muscle mass was 0.969, and that for fat mass was 0.935. Consistency analysis results showed that InBody 720 tends to underestimate muscle mass and fat mass. A comparison of the accuracy of the linear regression, random forest, SVM, and XGBoost models showed that the linear regression has the highest accuracy. The correlation coefficient between the new model and DXA for muscle mass and fat mass were 0.977 and 0.978, respectively.The new predictive model can be used to monitor the nutrition status of elderly people and identify people with sarcopenia in the community.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is closely associated with inflammatory responses. However, as a crucial regulator of the immune and inflammatory responses, the role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ...(LRRK2) in the pathogenesis of HE remains unraveled. Herein, we investigated this issue in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE following acute liver failure (ALF).
TAA-induced HE mouse models of LRRK2 wild type (WT), LRRK2 G2019S mutation (Lrrk2
) and LRRK2 knockout (Lrrk2
) were established. A battery of neurobehavioral experiments was conducted. The biochemical indexes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (STR), hippocampus (HIP), and liver were examined by pathology and electron microscopy. The changes of autophagy-lysosomal pathway and activity of critical Rab GTPases were analyzed.
The Lrrk2
-HE model reported a significantly lower survival rate than the other two models (24% vs. 48%, respectively, p < 0.05), with no difference found between the WT-HE and Lrrk2
-HE groups. Compared with the other groups, after the TAA injection, the Lrrk2
group displayed a significant increase in ammonium and pro-inflammatory cytokines, aggravated hepatic inflammation/necrosis, decreased autophagy, and abnormal phosphorylation of lysosomal Rab10. All three models reported microglial activation, neuronal loss, disordered vesicle transmission, and damaged myelin structure. The Lrrk2
-HE mice presented no severer neuronal injury than the other genotypes.
LRRK2 deficiency may exacerbate TAA-induced ALF and HE in mice, in which inflammatory response is evident in the brain and aggravated in the liver. These novel findings indicate a need of sufficient clinical awareness of the adverse effects of LRRK2 inhibitors on the liver.
This study compiles a generic database of seven parameters, including relative density and friction angle, for coarse-grained soils from 176 studies, covering a wide range of reconstituted and in ...situ coarse-grained soils. This database, labeled as “SAND/7/2794”, is dominated by data from laboratory reconstituted soils such as Erksak, Hokksund, Monterey, Ottawa, Sacramento River, Ticino, and Tonegawa sands. About 15% of the data points in the database are in situ samples obtained from tube sampling, block sampling, or ground freezing techniques. The correlation behavior among some parameters in the database is consistent with existing transformation models in the literature. Mine tailings, volcanic soils, railroad ballast, gravelly soils with significant cobble or boulder content, and soils with high fines contents are removed from the database because they exhibit inconsistent behavior. Soils subjected to very high effective stresses are also removed from the database. The generic database is adopted to calibrate the bias and variability of existing transformation models. Transformation uncertainties are characterized based on their bias, variability, and the range of applicability.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The heterofunctional lactone furo3,4‐bpyridin‐5(7H)‐one (L1) undergoes a coordination‐induced ring‐opening reaction with Zn(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O to yield the zwitterionic Zn(L1′)2(H2O)2 (1, ...L1′=2‐(hydroxymethyl)nicotinate) with an uncoordinated carboxylate. The same reaction with Cd(NO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O provides a two‐dimensional (2D) network of Cd(L1′)2n (3) with the carboxylates coordinated to cadmium(II) propagating the assembly. The corresponding reactions of Zn(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O and Cd(NO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O with 2‐(hydroxymethyl)isonicotinic acid (HL2) generated zwitterionic Zn(L2)2(H2O)2 (2) and a 2D network Cd(L2)2n⋅nDMF (4, DMF=N,N′‐dimethylformamide), respectively. Complexes 1–4 are weakly emissive, giving ligand‐centered emissions at 409 nm (1), 412/436 nm (2), 404 nm (3), and 412/436 nm (4) in CHCl3 solutions upon excitation at 330 nm. This work points to the potential of using ‘hidden’ functionalities widely found in small organic molecules and natural products for the construction of coordination complexes with new functionality and potential applications.
Zwitterions for MOFs: Zn‐based zwitterions of Zn(L1′)2(H2O)2 (1, L1′=2‐(hydroxymethyl)nicotinate) and Zn(L2)2(H2O)2 (2, HL2=2‐(hydroxymethyl)isonicotinic acid), and Cd‐based MOFs of Cd(L1’)2n (3) and Cd(L2)2n⋅nDMF (4) have been synthesized and characterized. Complexes 1–4 exhibit ligand‐centered emissions at 409 nm (1), 412/436 nm (2), 404 nm (3), and 412/436 nm (4) in CHCl3 solutions upon excitation at 330 nm.
To evaluate the curative efficacy by comparing perioperative characteristics and 1.5-year observational outcomes in 1-segment lumbar spondylolisthesis between traditional minimally invasive ...transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and optimized Endoscopic TLIF techniques.
The study was a single-center, randomized controlled trial comparing two different treatment approaches for 1-segment lumbar spondylolisthesis. 102 patients treated by MIS-TLIF (48 cases) or Endo-TLIF (54 cases) were included from March 2018 to April 2019. Perioperative parameters and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Degree of slip were measured, and fusion rates were determined at 18 months after surgery.
The Endo-TLIF group had similar return to work time and rate. Blood loss, left bed time, analgesic ratio were significantly less in Endo-TLIF group. The Endo-TLIF group had a significantly longer operative time. Significant postoperative reduction in %slip was showed in both groups. The VAS and ODI improved significantly in both groups after surgery. Significant decreases in low-back pain in Endo-TLIF group were found at postoperative day 1 and 3 months. The fusion rate in the two groups was similar.
Endo-TLIF surgery with a C-shaped working tube and a visualization system may be regarded as an efficient alternative surgery for 1-segment lumbar spondylolisthesis. It is a safe and minimally invasive way to perform this surgery and has shown satisfactory clinical outcomes.
ChiCTR1800015197, 13 March 2018. Trial registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registered 13 March 2018. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25865
•Endo-TLIF achieve maximal preservation of normal musculo-ligamentous and bone structures.•The novel C-shaped working cannula place the cage into intervertebral space safely and quickly.•Endo-TLIF has a more positive influence in improving postoperative LBP and analgesic ratio.•Endo-TLIF manifests less normal tissue damage, faster recovery.
•Ferroptosis was involved in the pathophysiological progression of epilepsy.•SS-31 can inhibit PILO-induced seizures by preventing ferroptosis.•SS-31 can alleviate ferroptosis-induced oxidative ...injury by targeting p38 MAPK signaling.
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) andplaysanimportantrole in epileptogenesis. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway has been confirmed to be involved in ferroptosis. The mitochondria-targeting antioxidant Elamipretide (SS-31) can reduce the generation of lipid peroxidation and the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Collectively, our present study was to decipher whether SS-31 inhibits ferroptosis via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the rat epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine (PILO).Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON group), epilepsy group (EP group), SS-31 treatment group (SS group), and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) treatment group (SB group). Our results demonstrated that the rat hippocampal neurons after epilepsy were followed by accumulated iron and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, upregulated phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein (P-p38) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels, reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) content, and depleted glutathione (GSH) activity. Morphologically, mitochondrial ultrastructural damage under electron microscopy was manifested by a partial increase in outer membrane density, disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, and mitochondrial shrinkage. SS-31 and SB203580 treatment blocked the initiation and progression of ferroptosis in the hippocampus of epileptic rats via reducing the severity of epileptic seizures, reversing the expression of Gpx4, P-p38 , decreasing the levels of iron and MDA, as well as increasing the activity of GSH and Nrf2. To summarize, our findings proved that ferroptosis was coupled with the pathology of epilepsy, and SS-31 can inhibit PILO-induced seizures by preventing ferroptosis, which may be connected to the inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, highlighting the potential therapeutic value for targeting ferroptosis process in individuals with seizure-related diseases.
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