Detection of disease biomarkers within complex biological media is a substantial outstanding challenge because of severe biofouling and nonspecific adsorptions. Herein, a reliable strategy for ...sensitive and low-fouling detection of a biomarker, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in biological samples was developed through the formation of a mixed self-assembled sensing interface, which was constructed by simultaneously self-assembling polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ATP aptamer onto the self-polymerized polydopamine-modified electrode surface. The developed aptasensor exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward the detection of ATP, and the linear range was 0.1–1000 pM, with a detection limit down to 0.1 pM. Moreover, owing to the presence of PEG within the sensing interface, the aptasensor was capable of sensing ATP in complex biological media such as human plasma with significantly reduced nonspecific adsorption effect. Assaying ATP in real biological samples including breast cancer cell lysates further proved the feasibility of this biosensor for practical application.
A novel label-free immunoassay strategy for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) was proposed based on controlled fabrication of single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inside the channels of ...mesoporous silica (MPS). The silanol groups on the internal pore walls of MPS were grafted with amino groups, while the silanol groups on the external surface were blocked by trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). Thus, CNTs and the monoclonal antibodies of AFP (anti-AFP) could be confined inside the mesopores of MPS by the covalent linking of the carboxyl and amino groups. For the preparation of immunosensing electrode, graphene sheets (GS) and anti-AFP/CNTs/TMCS–MPS were coated on the electrode surface based on layer by layer assembly. After dipping the anti-AFP/CNTs/TMCS–MPS/GS/GCE into the sample solution, the immunoconjugates formed after the immunological reaction, which resulted in the increment of spatial blocking and impedance of the immunosensing interface. Thus, the peak current decreased with the increasing concentration of AFP. CNTs inside the mesopores could promote the electron transportation through the pore channel. Meanwhile, modified GS with distinctive conduction capacity could also improve the electrochemical response. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the label-free immunosensor could detect AFP in a linear range from 0.1 to 100ngmL−1 with a detection limit of 0.06ngmL−1 (3σ).
► Acidic-pretreated SWCNTs were confined inside the channels of mesoporous silica. ► SWCNTs and graphene sheets promoted the electron transportation through the channel. ► Electron transfer from solution to electrode surface was confined inside the channel. ► Label-free detection simplifies the manipulation by monitoring the current changes.
Here, a multidimensional sensor array capable of analyzing various proteins and discriminating between serums from different stages of breast cancer patients were developed based on six kinds of near ...infrared fluorescent dual ligand functionalized Au NCs (functionalized with different amino acids) as sensing receptors. These six kinds of different amino acids functionalized Au NCs were synthesized for the first time within 2h due to the direct donation of delocalized electrons of electron-rich atoms or groups of the ligands to the Au core. Based on this, ten proteins could be simultaneously and effectively discriminated by this “chemical nose/tongue” sensor array. Linear discrimination analysis (LDA) of the response patterns showed successful differentiation of the analytes at concentrations as low as 10nM with high identification accuracy. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiment illustrates that Au NCs interacted with proteins mainly by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Furthermore, the greatest highlight of this sensor array is demonstrated by successfully discriminating between serums from different stages of breast cancer patients (early, middle and late) and healthy people, suggesting great potential for auxiliary diagnosis.
•Serums from different stages of breast cancer patients and healthy people can be discriminated.•Au nanoclusters functionalized with different amino acids were utilized as sensing receptors.•This sensor array is sufficiently sensitive to assay proteins at nanomolar concentrations.
Objectives
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly occurs in women of child-bearing age. Selecting drugs for pregnant SLE patients has always been a difficult choice. Although there have ...been several reports of safety of belimumab in SLE patients during pregnancy, the data are far from sufficient.
Methods
We report on 4 cases of belimumab exposure in pregnant SLE patients. We also summarized 6 case reports and case series which were previously published. Further, we compared the different outcomes among SLE patients and their babies who continued with belimumab during pregnancy with those who discontinued belimumab in early pregnancy.
Results
Two cases discontinued belimumab in the early pregnancy, while the other two received belimumab until the late pregnancy. All the four women tolerated belimumab. Newborns have all developed normally and continue without complications during 1 year of follow-up.
Conclusion
In this small case series, we found that belimumab was well tolerated in pregnant SLE patients. There were no safety signals for the mothers or their babies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The determination of serum tumor markers plays an important role in clinical diagnoses for the patients with certain tumor-associated disease. Although many commercial kits have been applied in ...clinical immunoassays, conventional methods always have some disadvantages, resulting in the need of other new, efficient, and easily automated methods. Immunosensors, considered as a major development in immunochemical field, have attracted considerable attention. With the aim of rapid screening, many immunosensors that are small, semi-automated and portable are being developed. This brief review focuses on the current research of immunosensors for tumor markers based on the electrochemical and chemiluminescent detection with emphasis on recent advances, challenges, and trends. The works on series of novel immunosensors developed for the determination of tumor markers in our group in the last few years are also introduced.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and nephrotic-range proteinuria (NRP) are uncommon in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and their clinicopathology and prognosis have not been discussed. Podocytes may play an important ...role in both clinical phenotypes.
We investigated 119 biopsy-proven IgAN patients with proteinuria over 2 g/d. The patients were divided into three groups according to proteinuria level: the overt proteinuria (OP) group, NS group, and NRP group. In addition, according to the severity of foot process effacement (FPE), the patients were divided into three groups: the segmental FPE (SFPE) group, moderate FPE (MFPE) group, and diffuse FPE (DFPE) group. The outcome was survival from a combined event defined by a doubling of the baseline serum creatinine and a 50% reduction in eGFR or ESRD.
Compared with the NRP group, patients in the NS group had more severe microscopic hematuria, presented with more severe endocapillary hypercellularity and had a higher percentage of DFPE. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that MFPE patients had a better outcome in the NRP group <50% of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. In the multivariate model, the NRP group (HR = 17.098, 95% CI = 3.835-76.224) was associated with an increased risk of the combined event, while MFPE (HR = 0.260, 95% CI = 0.078-0.864; p = 0.028) was associated with a reduced risk of the combined event. After the addition of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), the incidence of the combined event in the MFPE group (HR = 0.179, 95% CI = 0.047-0.689; p = 0.012) was further reduced.
NS presented more active lesions and more severe FPE in IgAN. NRP was an independent risk factor for progression to the renal endpoint, while MFPE indicated a better prognosis in NRP without obvious chronic renal lesions, which may benefit from RASi.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A sensitive dual immunoassay was proposed for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) based on signal amplification. Monoclonal antibodies immobilized on magnetic ...mesoporous silica particles (Fe3O4/SiO2) were prepared as the primary probe. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled antibodies co-coated with HRP on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as the secondary probe to achieve signal amplification. HRP tags were retained in the flow cells after a sandwich immunoassay. By controlling two switches on the two channels, chemiluminescent substrates were injected orderly man way, and then signals for CEA and AFP were sequentially detected by HRP-luminol-H2O2. Due to the increased amount of HRP on AuNPs and the increased amount of monoclonal antibodies on Fe3O4/SiO2, the signals were largely amplified. Under the optimal conditions, CEA and AFP could be detected in the linear ranges of 1.0 – 80 and 1.0 – 75 ng mL−1 with detection limits of 0.25 and 0.5 ng mL−1, respectively.
A novel immunoassay channeling sensor for α-fetoprotein (AFP) was proposed by incorporating biorecognition molecules into the mesopores of well-ordered hexagonal SBA-15. As the biosensing element, ...alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled antibody was embedded into the mesopores with the substrate of 1-naphthyl phosphate (1-NP). The encapsulated ALP-labeled antibody retained its bioactivities on catalytic hydrolysis reaction with 1-NP and immunological reaction with antigen. Ionic liquid–chitosan hybrid was chosen to increase film adherence and prevent the leakage of the immobilized molecules. The peak current responses decreased due to the increasing spatial blocking and impedance from the formation of nonconductive immunoconjugates on the surface of the electrode. The experimental parameters were optimized including the concentrations of the immobilized 1-NP and ALP-labeled antibody, and the amounts of SBA-15 and ionic liquid for the electrode modification. Under the optimized conditions, the constructed immunosensor could detect AFP in a linear range from 1.0 to 150
ng
mL
−1 with a detection limit of 0.8
ng
mL
−1. It provided an alternative strategy for the detection of antigens or other proteins by the mesoporous materials.
Background
Current guidelines for obesity prevention and control focus on body mass index (BMI) and rarely address central obesity. Few studies have been conducted on the association between ...normal-weight central obesity and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
26,825 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in our study. A weighted multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different obesity patterns and the risk of DM.
Results
Our results suggest that normal-weight central obesity is associated with an increased risk of DM (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.75–3.23) compared with normal-weight participants without central obesity. When stratified by sex, men with normal-weight central obesity, obesity and central obesity were found to have a similar risk of DM (OR: 3.83, 95% CI: 2.10–5.97; OR: 4.20, 95% CI: 3.48–5.08, respectively) and a higher risk than all other types of obesity, including men who were overweight with no central obesity (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.96–1.51) and obese with no central obesity (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30–0.91).
Conclusion
Our results highlight the need for more attention in people with central obesity, even if they have a normal BMI.
A disposable electrochemical immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on the antigen immobilized in a colloidal gold nanoparticles modified chitosan membrane on the surface ...of an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The different membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope and electrochemical methods. Based on a competitive immunoassay format, the immobilized antigen of the immunosensor was incubated with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled antibody and sample CEA antigen, and the formed immunoconjugate in the immunosensor was detected by an o-phenylenediamine-H2O2-HRP electrochemical system. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the electrocatalytic current decreased linearly with the competitive mechanism. CEA could be determined in the linear range from 2.0 to 20 ng/ml with a detection limit of 1.0 ng/ml. The prepared CEA immunosensor is not only economic due to the low-cost ITO electrode obtained from industrial mass production, but is also capable with good stability and reproducibility for batch fabrication.
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