1T-MoS2@rGO-H based supercapacitor worked in a wide operating voltage of 2.3 V and achieved the maximum energy density of 31.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1164 W kg−1. Further, the device exhibited ...91% capacitance retention after 20,000 cycles.
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•Flame-retardant hybrid DES electrolyte was developed with a wide potential window (2.3 V).•Addition of co-solvent led to the superior conductivity and low viscosity.•1T-MoS2-rGO hydrogel exhibited higher energy and power density in the hybrid electrolyte.•The capacitance retention of 91% was achieved even after 20,000 cycles of GCD.
Herein, we are the first to develop a co-solvent-in-deep eutectic solvent (DES) system by mixing water and acetonitrile with a typical DES electrolyte consisting of acetamide and lithium perchlorate. The addition of co-solvents not only solves the problems of high viscosity and low conductivity of DES but also provides some unique properties. For example, the presence of water improves the flame-retardant property of the DES electrolyte. In contrast, the addition of acetonitrile further improves the ionic conductivity without compromising a wide electrochemical stability window (ESW). The effects of the amount of co-solvent in DES and the optimal molar ratio between co-solvents have been investigated. When the molar ratio of acetonitrile to water is 4.4:1, hybrid DES shows the best physical properties, including a wide ESW (2.55 V), superior conductivity (15.6 mS cm−1), and low viscosity (5.82 mPa·s). Furthermore, a series of spectroscopic measurements have been performed to understand the interaction among electrolyte components. It was found that water molecules were strongly coordinated to Li+ ions, and such interaction was not affected by the presence of acetonitrile molecules. On the other hand, we have demonstrated using hydrogel consisting of 1T-MoS2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the electrode materials for supercapacitors. This hydrogel inherited the porous structure of rGO hydrogel and the high conductivity of 1T-MoS2. Finally, high voltage symmetric supercapacitors have been fabricated by using hybrid DES and hydrogel as the electrolyte and electrode, respectively. An optimized supercapacitor works at a wide operating voltage of 2.3 V and achieves the maximum energy density of 31.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1164 W kg−1. Furthermore, this device exhibited 91% capacitance retention after 20,000 cycles.
•Various 2D layered materials are discussed for electrocatalytic hydrogen & oxygen evolution reactions.•Synthesis and characterization of 2D layered & their composites are focused.•Electrocatalytic ...HER & OER performances in different pH solutions are elaborated.•Mechanistic aspects along with computational explanations are detailed.•A few examples of overall water splitting 2D layered electrocatalysts are also presented.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER & OER) are the fundamental key processes of the overall water splitting towards sustainable hydrogen production. The reaction efficiency of these processes are majorly controlled by the characteristics (structure and properties) of the crucial components such as the electrocatalyst as well as the electrolyte system. In particular, the detailed investigation of the structure-property relationship of electrocatalyst along with reaction mechanism and electrokinetics supporting through computational calculations would boost the design and development of high-performance next-generation electrocatalytic systems. The electrocatalysts with higher electrical conductivity and more exposed active sites always exhibit better performance than the nonporous bulk materials. The transition-metal based 2D layered materials are highly suitable for this purpose due to their tunable interlayer spacing, edge-active sites and better electrical conductivity. In this review, the development of non-precious transition metal-based 2D layered materials including transition metal dichalcogenides, layered-double hydroxides, MXenes, and graphitic carbon nitride towards the HER & OER activities is discussed with very recent examples. The synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of these 2D layered materials and their composites are summarized along with the computational studies. Finally, the present challenges in the design of high-performance electrocatalysts together with the future perspectives are detailed in this review.
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The pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA) disease pathogenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) activity is related to inflammation in OA and some miRNAs ...specifically regulate IL‐mediated degradation of cartilage type II collagen. Previous studies have indicated that miR‐144‐3p is a useful target in the regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in different diseases. However, the role of miR‐144‐3p in OA is unclear. In this study, we observed a negative correlation between miR‐144‐3p and IL‐1β expression in OA. miR‐144‐3p mimic transfection of OA synovial fibroblasts downregulated levels of IL‐1β expression, while blocking the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF‐κB signaling pathways relating to IL‐1β production, and effectively increased miR‐144‐3p expression in OASFs. Findings from an anterior cruciate ligament transection rat model revealed that administration of miR‐144‐3p mimic effectively ameliorated OA progression and reduced the numbers of IL‐1β‐positive cells in synovial tissue. This study suggests that miR‐144‐3p is a useful therapeutic target in OA disease.
In this study, our findings support the targeting of microRNA (miR)‐144‐3p in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). This RNA molecule binds directly to interleukin (IL)‐1β and downregulates IL‐1β expression in vitro and in vivo. This study suggests that miR‐144‐3p is a useful therapeutic target in OA disease.
Large‐area MoS2 atomic layers are synthesized on SiO2 substrates by chemical vapor deposition using MoO3 and S powders as the reactants. Optical, microscopic and electrical measurements suggest that ...the synthetic process leads to the growth of MoS2 monolayer. The TEM images verify that the synthesized MoS2 sheets are highly crystalline.
•Depression is caused by environmental, genetic and psychological factors.•Consumption of a high-fat diet induces obesity and chronic inflammation in the body.•The gut microbiota mediates the effects ...of the diet and influences mood and behavior.•Modulation of gut microbiota may produce beneficial effects on depression.
Depression is a mental disorder associated with environmental, genetic and psychological factors. Recent studies indicate that chronic neuro-inflammation may affect brain physiology and alter mood and behavior. Consumption of a high-fat diet leads to obesity and chronic systemic inflammation. The gut microbiota mediates many effects of a high-fat diet on human physiology and may also influence the mood and behavior of the host. We review here recent studies suggesting the existence of a link between obesity, the gut microbiota and depression, focusing on the mechanisms underlying the effects of a high-fat diet on chronic inflammation and brain physiology. This body of research suggests that modulating the composition of the gut microbiota using prebiotics and probiotics may produce beneficial effects on anxiety and depression.
•Synthesis of V2O5 via simple thermal decomposition of ammonium metavanadate and glycine.•More than two fold increase in specific capacitance under light for V2O5||AC device.•V2O5||V2O5 device was ...charged under light to 200 mV in 1 h.•Outstanding coulombic efficiency of 98% even after 40,000 cycles at a high current density of 10 and 15 mA cm−2.
A photo-assisted energy storage system enables a new pathway to utilize unlimited solar energy. Herein, V2O5 was synthesized using a simple, time-saving thermal decomposition process. The V2O5 samples were characterized thoroughly. The photo-electrochemical performances of the as-prepared V2O5 samples were evaluated using a three-electrode system. The material showed increased specific capacity from 45 C g−1 to 69 C g−1 in the presence of light. The photo-assisted V2O5||V2O5 and V2O5||AC (activated carbon) ASC (asymetric supercapacitors) FTO devices effectively responded to the light sources. The areal capacity of the V2O5||AC ASC FTO photo-assisted charging device was 112 mC cm−2 under the given light intensity, whereas the device tested using the conventional process (without light irradiation) delivered only 45 mC cm−2 at the same current density. Further, the asymmetric FTO device delivered high specific energy and power density of 9.8 Wh kg−1, and 29 W kg−1 respectively, in the presence of light. Notably, the symmetric FTO device was photo charged to 200 mV in 1 h without any external current and was discharged in the dark at 0.01 mA cm−2. On the other hand, V2O5 symmetric coin cell delivered excellent cycle stability over 40,000 cycles at different current rates with an outstanding coulombic efficiency of 98%. These results are a clear indication that the photo charging-based supercapacitor will pave an innovative path in constructing futuristic energy storage devices.
Studies on the role of gut commensal bacteria in health development have rapidly attracted much more attention beyond the classical pathogens over the last decade. Many important reports have ...highlighted the changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are closely related to development of intra- and extra-intestinal, chronic inflammation related diseases such as colitis, obesity/metabolic syndromes, diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. To circumvent these difficulties, the strategy of modulating the structure of the gut microbiota has been under intensive study and shed more light on amelioration of these inflammation related diseases. While traditional probiotics generally show marginal ameliorative effects, emerging next generation probiotics start to reveal as new preventive and therapeutic tools. Recent studies have unraveled many potential next generation probiotics (NGP). These include Prevotella copri and Christensenella minuta that control insulin resistance, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that reverse obesity and insulin resistance, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii that protects mice against intestinal diseases, and Bacteroides fragilis that reduces inflammation and shows anticancer effect. New agents will soon be revealed for targeted therapy on specific inflammation related diseases. The important roles of next generation probiotics and gut microbiota normobiosis on the maintenance of intestinal integrity and homeostasis are emphasized.
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•Role of gut commensal bacteria in health development and maintenance is very important.•Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to development of chronic inflammation related disease.•Traditional probiotics generally show non-specific ameliorative effects.•Development of disease-specific NGP by next generation sequencing and bioinformatics is essential.•Many potential NGP are starting to be unraveled.
Herein, the ternary composite consisting of MoS3, Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles (Au@AgNP), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The various ...characterization studies reveal the co-existence of amorphous MoS3 nanoflakes and the Au@AgNP with the dual absorptions of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in rGO nanosheets. With the help of single dye sensitization, the ternary composite exhibits a better photocatalytic activity of 9.6 mmol h−1 g−1 with the apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 7.8% and excellent long-term stability under visible light illumination. It also shows the wavelength-dependent photocatalytic activity under the different monochromatic light radiation. Interestingly, the photocatalytic performance of ternary composite further enhances when dual dyes are utilized for sensitization. The optimized photocatalytic reaction system shows a maximum H2 production rate of 10.6 mmol h−1 g−1 with the AQY of 8.6%. The higher activity of ternary photocatalysts is attributed to the amorphous MoS3 nanoflakes with the exposed reactive sites over the conductive rGO nanosheets, which promotes the electron transfer from photoexcited dyes to MoS3. More importantly, the extended SPR absorption of Au@AgNP in-line with the maximum absorption of dye molecules improves light-harvesting ability and efficiently stimulates the dye excitation.
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•Ternary composite of amorphous MoS3 with plasmonic Au@Ag NPs and rGO is developed.•The ternary composite is employed for photocatalytic HER by dual dye sensitization.•The maximum H2 production rate of 10.6 mmol h−1 g−1 is achieved with AQY of 8.6%.•The ternary composite also exhibits excellent reusability and long-term stability.
Aqueous all-organic battery-supercapacitor hybrid (BSH) devices are emerging as promising alternative energy storage systems to conventional metal-ion batteries/supercapacitors in terms of their easy ...processability, high tunability, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability. In this study, we demonstrate an all-organic BSH device using a record concentration of ammonium acetate (30 m NH4Ac) as a cheap and green electrolyte. This novel water-in-salt system possesses an electrochemical stability window up to 2.1 V. In addition, organic polymers comprising of perylenetetracarboxy diimide core and the mixed aromatic amine groups are employed as negative and positive electrodes, respectively. The polymers show low water solubility, good crystallinity, and nano-morphology, which make them decent candidates for the all-organic aqueous BSH device. More importantly, electrochemical kinetic analysis of polymer electrodes reveals that the negative and positive electrodes display pseudocapacitive and battery-type behaviors, respectively. For the first time, an all-organic BSH device with 30 m NH4Ac is fabricated, which delivers a specific capacity of 42 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and capacity retention of ca. 63% after 5000 cycles. It further shows the maximum energy density of 16.5 Wh kg−1 and power density of 719 Wh kg−1, depicting great potential in energy storage applications.
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•All-organic battery-supercapacitor hybrid device with 1.9 V has been demonstrated•High concentrated aqueous ammonium acetate of 30 m is used as a cheap electrolyte•The hybrid device exhibited the specific capacity of 42 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1•After 2000 cycles of GCD, the hybrid device possessed 60% of capacity retention
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