A non-framework surgery could change the postoperative components of breathing disturbances and increase the frequency or duration of hypopnea in patients with very severe obstructive sleep apnea ...(OSA). Either an increase of hypopnea index, which increases apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or an increase of its duration raises the concern of worsening the oxygen desaturation and so morbidity and mortality associated with OSA. It is unclear how the oxygen saturation would change in those having increased frequency or duration of hypopneas after the surgery. Here in 17 patients with AHI ≥ 60 events/h, having increased frequency or duration of hypopneas after the non-framework surgery, the results show that the surgery improved oxygen saturation by reducing obstructive-apnea index (36.1 events/h) and duration (8.6 s/event), despite it increased hypopnea index (16.8 events/h) and duration (9.8 s/event). The surgery improved the average of the mean oxyhemoglobin saturation of pulse oximetry (SpO2) by 2.8% (toward a ceiling mean of 94.3%), mean minimal SpO2 by 7.5%, and mean desaturation by 5%. The results suggest sufficient apnea reduction and shift from apnea to hypopnea may mask the negative impact of the increase of hypopnea index or duration and improve postoperative mean SpO2, minimal SpO2, and mean desaturation.
We applied Simmons-Balluffi methods, positron measurements, and neutron diffraction to estimate the vacancy of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) using Cu as a benchmark. The ...corresponding formation enthalpies and associated entropies of the HEAs and Cu were calculated. The vacancy-dependent effective free volumes in both CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi alloys are greater than those in Cu, implying the easier formation of vacancies by lattice structure relaxation of HEAs at elevated temperatures. Spatially resolved synchrotron X-ray measurements revealed different characteristics of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs subjected to quasi-equilibrium conditions at high temperatures. Element-dependent behavior revealed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping indicates the effect of Mn on the Cantor Alloy.
Xenophagy, also known as antibacterial autophagy, plays a role in host defence against invading pathogens such as Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Salmonella. In xenophagy, autophagy receptors are ...used in the recognition of invading pathogens and in autophagosome maturation and autolysosome formation. However, the mechanism by which autophagy receptors are regulated during bacterial infection remains poorly elucidated. In this study, we identified LAMTOR2 and LAMTOR1, also named p14 and p18, respectively, as previously unrecognised xenophagy regulators that modulate the autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 in response to GAS and Salmonella invasion. LAMTOR1 was localized to bacterium‐containing endosomes, and LAMTOR2 was recruited to bacterium‐containing damaged endosomes in a LAMTOR1‐dependent manner. LAMTOR2 was dispensable for the formation of autophagosomes targeting damaged membrane debris surrounding cytosolic bacteria, but it was critical for autolysosome formation, and LAMTOR2 interacted with the autophagy receptors NBR1, TAX1BP1, and p62 and was necessary for TAX1BP1 recruitment to pathogen‐containing autophagosomes. Notably, knockout of TAX1BP1 caused a reduction in autolysosome formation and subsequent bacterial degradation. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the LAMTOR1/2 complex is required for recruiting TAX1BP1 to autophagosomes and thereby facilitating autolysosome formation during bacterial infection.
Xenophagy uses autophagy receptors, such as TAX1BP1, in the recognition of invading pathogens, in autophagosome maturation, and in autolysosome formation. However, the mechanism by which autophagy receptors are regulated during bacterial infection remains poorly elucidated. This study demonstrated that LAMTOR2 and LAMTOR1 are previously unrecognized xenophagy regulators that modulate the autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 in response to GAS and Salmonella invasion.
Bright and efficient organic emitters of near-infrared light would be of use in applications ranging from biological imaging and medical therapy to night-vision devices. Here we report how a new ...class of Pt(II) complex phosphors have enabled the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes that emit light at 740nm with very high efficiency and radiance due to a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 81% and a highly preferred horizontal dipole orientation. The best devices exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 24 plus or minus 1% in a normal planar organic light-emitting diode structure. The incorporation of a light out-coupling hemisphere structure further boosts the external quantum efficiency up to 55 plus or minus 3%.
Dengue virus (DENV) is the leading cause of arboviral diseases in humans worldwide. Currently Dengvaxia, the first dengue vaccine licensed in 20 countries, was recommended for DENV seropositive ...individuals aged 9-45 years. Studying dengue seroprevalence can improve our understanding of the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of DENV, and facilitate future intervention strategies and assessment of vaccine efficacy. Several DENV envelope protein-based serological tests including IgG and IgG-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been employed in seroprevalence studies. Previously DENV IgG-capture ELISA was reported to distinguish primary and secondary DENV infections during early convalescence, however, its performance over time and in seroprevalence study remains understudied.
In this study, we used well-documented neutralization test- or reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain reaction-confirmed serum/plasma samples including DENV-naïve, primary and secondary DENV, primary West Nile virus, primary Zika virus, and Zika with previous DENV infection panels to compare the performance of three ELISAs.
The sensitivity of the InBios IgG ELISA was higher than that of InBios IgG-capture and SD IgG-capture ELISAs. The sensitivity of IgG-capture ELISAs was higher for secondary than primary DENV infection panel. Within the secondary DENV infection panel, the sensitivity of InBios IgG-capture ELISA decreased from 77.8% at < 6 months to 41.7% at 1-1.5 years, 28.6% at 2-15 years and 0% at > 20 years (p < 0.001, Cochran-Armitage test for trend), whereas that of IgG ELISA remains 100%. A similar trend was observed for SD IgG-capture ELISA.
Our findings demonstrate higher sensitivity of DENV IgG ELISA than IgG-capture ELISA in seroprevalence study and interpretation of DENV IgG-capture ELISA should take sampling time and primary or secondary DENV infection into consideration.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of this study was to identify novel acetylation (Ac) modifications of the C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) and explain the association of the levels of autoantibodies against acetylated C1-INH ...peptides with the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ac modifications of the C1-INH were identified and validated through in-gel digestion, nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting by using serum protein samples obtained from patients with SLE and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the levels of serum C1-INH, Ac-protein adducts, and autoantibodies against unmodified and acetylated C1-INH peptides were measured. C1-INH levels in patients with SLE were significantly lower than those in HCs by 1.53-fold (
= 0.0008); however, Ac-protein adduct concentrations in patients with SLE were significantly higher than those in HCs by 1.35-fold (
= 0.0009). Moreover, immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-C1-INH
Ac and IgA anti-C1-INH
Ac levels in patients with SLE were significantly lower than those in HCs. The low levels of IgM anti-C1-INH
(odds ratio OR = 4.725,
< 0.001), IgM anti-C1-INH
Ac (OR = 4.089,
= 0.001), and IgA anti-C1-INH
Ac (OR = 5.566,
< 0.001) indicated increased risks for the development of SLE compared with HCs.
Tumor suppressor gene silencing through cytosine methylation contributes to cancer formation. Whether DNA demethylation enzymes counteract this oncogenic effect is unknown. Here, we show that TET1, a ...dioxygenase involved in cytosine demethylation, is downregulated in prostate and breast cancer tissues. TET1 depletion facilitates cell invasion, tumor growth, and cancer metastasis in prostate xenograft models and correlates with poor survival rates in breast cancer patients. Consistently, enforced expression of TET1 reduces cell invasion and breast xenograft tumor formation. Mechanistically, TET1 suppresses cell invasion through its dioxygenase and DNA binding activities. Furthermore, TET1 maintains the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) family proteins 2 and 3 by inhibiting their DNA methylation. Concurrent low expression of TET1 and TIMP2 or TIMP3 correlates with advanced node status in clinical samples. Together, these results illustrate a mechanism by which TET1 suppresses tumor development and invasion partly through downregulation of critical gene methylation.
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► TET1 depletion facilitates cancer invasion and correlates with poor survival in breast cancer patients ► TET1 dioxygenase and DNA binding activity is required for invasion suppression ► TET1 suppresses invasion partly through TIMP activation and MMP inhibition
DNA methyltransferases contribute to oncogenesis partly by methylating and inactivating tumor-suppressor genes. Whether DNA demethylation enzymes antagonize this oncogenic effect is unclear. Yu, Hsiao, Juan, and colleagues now find that TET1, a dioxygenase involved in DNA demethylation, suppresses cancer invasion by activating specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Concurrent low expression of TET1 and TIMP2 or TIMP3 correlates with advanced node status in clinical samples. This finding implies that restoration of TET1 expression may rescue tumor cells from malignant progression.
Very severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 60 events/h differs in several areas from OSA with other severities, including having a low-level daytime partial pressure ...of oxygen and residual on-CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) AHIs greater than 20/h. Patients with very severe OSA show narrow retroglossal space and confined framework, which is difficult to be enlarged via conventional Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) surgery, resulting in poor response to non-framework surgeries. Our latest report showed efficacy and efficiency for subjects undergoing modified Z-palatoplasty (ZPP) with one-layer closure in a one-stage multilevel surgery. It is unclear whether and how this procedure could help patients with very severe OSA characterized with confined framework. From Mar. 2015 to May 2018, we enrolled 12 patients with very severe OSA receiving one-stage multi-level surgery with modified ZPP with one-layer closure, CO2 laser partial tongue-base glossectomy, and bilateral septomeatoplasty. Our results show that the surgery reduced AHI from 73.8 ± 10.7 to 30.8 ± 23.2 events/h and achieved a mean AHI reduction of 58.3% (p < 0.001 against 0 reduction or no surgery). The surgery shifted components of the breathing disturbances. It reduced more apnea than hypopnea and might convert some apnea to hypopnea.
Objectives
To investigate whether dietary patterns are associated with frailty phenotypes in an elderly Taiwanese population.
Design
Cross‐sectional.
Setting
Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan ...(NAHSIT), 2014–2016.
Participants
Noninstitutionalized Taiwanese nationals aged 65 years and older enrolled in the NAHSIT (N = 923).
Measurements
Dietary intake was assessed using a 79‐item food‐frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Presence of 5 frailty phenotypes was determined using modified Fried criteria and are summed into a frailty score. Using data from the NAHSIT (2014–15), reduced rank regression was used to find a dietary pattern that explained maximal degree of variation of the frailty scores. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between frailty and dietary pattern. The findings were validated with data from 2016.
Results
The derived dietary pattern was characterized with a high consumption of fruit, nuts and seeds, tea, vegetables, whole grains, shellfish, milk, and fish. The prevalence of frailty was 7.8% and of prefrailty was 50.8%, defined using the modified Fried criteria. Using data from the NAHSIT (2014–15), the dietary pattern score showed an inverse dose‐response relationship with prevalence of frailty and pre‐frailty. Individuals in the second dietary pattern tertile were one‐third as likely to be frail as those in the first tertile (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12−0.85), and those in the third tertile were 4% as likely to be frail as those in the first tertile (aOR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01−0.18). The dietary pattern score estimated using FFQ data from the NAHSIT 2016 was also significantly and inversely associated with frailty.
Conclusion
Individuals with a dietary pattern with more phytonutrient‐rich plant foods, tea, omega‐3‐rich deep‐sea fish, and other protein‐rich foods such as shellfish and milk had a reduced prevalence of frailty. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and investigate whether related dietary interventions can reduce frailty in older adults.
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