Background
Previous studies suggested that acute respiratory infection (ARI) could trigger stroke and that use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with increased risk of ...stroke. In many countries, NSAIDs have been widely used among patients with ARI or common cold for pain and fever relief. However, studies evaluating whether NSAIDs use during ARI episodes may further increase the risk of stroke were very limited.
Methods and Results
During 2007 to 2011, 29 518 patients with an incident hospitalization of stroke were identified. The date of admission was defined as the index date. Using case‐crossover design, we compared the following exposure status between the case period (1‐ to 7‐d period before the index date) and matched control period (366‐ to 372‐d period before the index date): NSAIDs use during ARI episodes, ARI episodes without NSAIDs use, NSAIDs use only, or no exposure. Multivariable conditional regression models were used to estimate odds ratios adjusting potential confounders. The results suggested that NSAIDs use during ARI episodes was associated with a 2.3‐fold increased risk of stroke (ischemic: adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.27, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 2.00‐2.58; hemorrhagic: aOR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.71‐3.02). We also determined that parenteral NSAIDs were associated with much higher risk of stroke in patients with ARI.
Conclusions
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs use during ARI episodes, especially parenteral NSAIDs use, was associated with a further increased risk of stroke.
Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Statins, which are widely used in such patients, are shown to modify the risk of prostate cancer. To ...clarify the association between statin use and the risk of prostate cancer among patients with higher risk of developing prostate cancer in Taiwan, a cohort of 26,628 men with IHD and aged between 55 and 100 were acquired from the National Health Insurance Research Database and followed over a period of 8 years. The risk of prostate cancer was calculated by time‐dependent Cox regression model. Statin use was associated with significantly lower risk of both total and advanced prostate cancer (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.719, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.570–0.908; adjusted HR: 0.718, 95% CI: 0.530–0.972 respectively). In Taiwan IHD population, the reduction in risk of prostate cancer was observed in statin users as compared with nonusers.
Alternatively activated macrophages are more frequently involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. A previous study showed that paeoniflorin, the major active constituent of ...Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, can inhibit tumor growth and lung metastases of Lewis lung tumor-bearing mice. This study tried to investigate whether paeoniflorin inhibited lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting the alternative activation of macrophages (M2 macrophage). Using a viability assay, the cytotoxicity of paeoniflorin on Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages were investigated. In vitro scratch wound and in vivo lung metastasis experiments were used to test the ability to inhibit the migration of paeoniflorin and the function of M2 macrophages. Flow cytometry was performed to test the cell cycle of Lewis lung cancer cells, and to test the M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages and subcutaneous transplantable tumor. It was found that paeoniflorin showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages of mouse in vitro. Paeoniflorin could attenuate the migration of LLC stimulated by alternatively activated macrophages (stimulated for 24 h and 48 h, paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L−1, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 vs control group). Paeoniflorin could decrease the cell populations at S phases (paeoniflorin 10, 30, 100 μmol·L−1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and increase the cell populations at G0-G1 phases of Lewis lung cancer cells (paeoniflorin 100 μmol·L−1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and reduce the numbers of M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages induced by IL-4 (paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L−1, P < 0.01 vs Control group). Paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft and decrease the numbers of M2 macrophages in subcutaneous xenograft tumour in vivo (paeoniflorin 20, 40 mg·kg−1, P < 0.01 vs control group). These results suggest that paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft partly through inhibiting the alternative activation of macrophages.
Solvothermal reactions of 2,2-bipyridine (2,2-bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen) with Bi(NO3)3·5H2O or Ce(NO3)3·6H2O in the presence of different pH modulator afforded two new coordination ...complexes Bi2(2,2-bpy)2(BA)6 (1, HBA = benzoic acid) and Ce(1,10-phen)Cl2Cl (2). The structures of the two complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum and X-ray crystal diffraction. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of the two synthesized complexes has been evaluated via the preformation of the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. And the relative expression of the inflammatory response genes p53, nf-κb, and tnf-α was detected by reverse transcriotion-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
A highly porous three-dimensional (3D) metal−organic framework (MOF) Ni3(BTC)2(MA)(H2O)(DMF)7 (1) incorporating both exposed metal sites and nitrogen-rich melamine was successfully constructed via ...solvothermal assembly of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), melamine (MA) and Ni(II) ions. The resulting activated Ni(II)-MOF-1a features high CO2 loading capacity and excellent CO2 affinity due to the Lewis-base property together with abundant micropores. The heterogeneous catalytic activity of the activated Ni(II)-MOF-1a was confirmed by remarkably high efficiency on CO2 cycloaddition with small epoxides under ambient conditions. Moreover, the Ni(II)-MOF-1a exhibited satisfied stability and versatility, and it was easy to recycle with no obvious decrease of catalytic activity. Then the feasible synergistic mechanism of Ni(II)-MOF/Bu4NBr catalysts for CO2 conversion was proposed.
A highly porous MOF incorporating both exposed metal sites and nitrogen-rich melamine was successfully constructed via solvothermal reaction. The obtained Ni(II)-MOF-1 features high CO2 loading capacity and excellent CO2 affinity due to the Lewis-base property together with abundant micropores. The heterogeneous catalytic activity of the activated Ni(II)-MOF-1 was confirmed by remarkably high efficiency on CO2 cycloaddition with small epoxides under ambient conditions. Moreover, the Ni(II)-MOF-1 exhibited satisfied stability and versatility, and it was easy to recycle with no obvious decrease of catalytic activity. Then the feasible synergistic mechanism of Ni(II)-MOF/Bu4NBr catalysts for CO2 conversion was proposed. Display omitted
•A new porous Ni(II)-organic framework with Lewis acid−base bifunctional sites has been synthesized.•It shows excellent CO2 sorption capacity around room temperature.•It shows remarkably high efficiency on CO2 cycloaddition with small epoxides under ambient conditions.
Background/purpose In the past, warfarin was the drug of choice for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have ...been approved as an alternative to warfarin in nonvalvular AF. However, there is a limited amount of real-world data on how NOACs are currently being used in Taiwan. This study was conducted to investigate the factors driving the initiation of anticoagulants and the selection of different anticoagulants in patients with AF. Methods We used National Taiwan University Hospital's electronic database to identify all nonvalvular AF patients from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors driving the initiation of anticoagulants and the selection of different anticoagulants. Results Among AF patients, 66.4% of anticoagulants users used NOACs instead of warfarin after the era of NOACs. Patients with female sex, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cancer, hepatic disease, renal disease, bleeding history, and aspirin use were less likely to be anticoagulant users but are more likely to be anticoagulant users with a history of stroke (odds ratio = 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 2.02–3.45). Older age, ischemic heart disease, and aspirin use were the factors associated with NOACs usage, whereas hepatic disease showed the opposite results (odds ratio = 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.42). Conclusion Stroke history was associated with anticoagulant use, whereas comorbidities associated with increased risk of bleeding showed the opposite result. Patients with hepatic disease were less likely to use NOACs.
Solvothermal reactions of Co(NO3)2·6H2O or Ni(NO3)2·6H2O with 1,4-bis((1H-benzodimidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene (bimb) and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H2tdc) afforded two three-dimensional ...coordination polymers with the chemical formulas of Co2(bimb)2(tdc)2·2H2O (1) and Ni2(bimb)2(tdc)2·2H2O (2). Complexes 1-2 were characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To evaluate the anti-proliferation ability of the compounds 1 and 2, the Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed firstly. After that, the Hoechst staining assay was carried out to determine whether the anti-cancer activity of compound has relationship with the cell apoptosis. Next, the western blot detection of the apoptotic proteins was detected to further prove the effect of compound on cells apoptosis.
Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the association between statin use by individuals and the risk for incident diabetes mellitus in patients with acute coronary syndrome ...(ACS) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were hospitalized for ACS between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010, and who had undergone PCI (n=30,665); the data were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A propensity score technique was used to establish a 1:1 matched cohort for statin users and non-statin users (n=9043 for each group). The risk for incident diabetes mellitus in statin users compared to non-statin users for patients with ACS after PCI was estimated by the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Statin use was associated with a significant increase of 27% in the risk for new-onset diabetes mellitus (adjusted hazard ratio HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.41) compared to non-statin use in the matched cohort. The matched cohort analysis indicated that almost all individual statins were associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk for new-onset diabetes mellitus compared to those without statin use. Conclusions Our study indicated an association between increased risk for new-onset diabetes mellitus and statin use. Because the benefits of statins in prevention of morbidity and mortality in patients with ACS are well-established, clinical decision making should not be changed for patients with existing cardiovascular disease in whom statin therapy is recommended.
Background. Previous studies have suggested that acute respiratory infection (ARI) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use could trigger acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In some ...countries, physicians prescribe NSAIDs for patients with ARI for symptom relief. However, there is no research evaluating whether NSAIDs use during ARI episodes may increase the risk of AMI. Methods. We identified 9793 patients with an incident hospitalization of AMI (index date) between 2007 and 2011. Using case-crossover design, we compared the following exposure status between the case (1–7-day before index date) and matched control period (366–372-day before index date): NSAIDs use during ARI episodes, ARI episodes without NSAIDs use, NSAIDs use only, or no exposure. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use during ARI was associated with a 3.4-fold increased risk of AMI (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 3.41; 95% confidence interval CI = 2.80–4.16), ARI without NSAIDs use was associated with a 2.7-fold increased risk (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 2.29–3.06), and NSAIDs use only was associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.33–1.62). Moreover, parenteral NSAIDs were associated with much higher risk in ARI patients (aOR = 7.22; 95% CI = 4.07–12.81). Conclusions. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use during ARI episodes, especially parenteral NSAIDs, was associated with a further increased risk of AMI.
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