The global spread of critical-priority antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales by food is a public health problem. Wild-caught seafood are broadly consumed worldwide, but exposure to land-based ...pollution can favor their contamination by clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. As part of the Grand Challenges Explorations: New Approaches to Characterize the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Program, we performed genomic surveillance and cell culture-based virulence investigation of WHO critical priority Enterobacterales isolated from marine bivalves collected in the Atlantic Coast of South America. Broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from eight distinct geographical locations. These strains harbored bla
-type or bla
-type genes. Most of the surveyed genomes confirmed the convergence of wide virulome and resistome (i.e., antimicrobials, heavy metals, biocides, and pesticides resistance). We identified strains belonging to the international high-risk clones K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST131 carrying important virulence genes, whereas in vitro experiments confirmed the high virulence potential of these strains. Thermolabile and thermostable toxins were identified in some strains, and all of them were biofilm producers. These data point to an alarming presence of resistance and virulence genes in marine environments, which may favor horizontal gene transfer and the spread of these traits to other bacterial species.
We recovered VIM-2 carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from an infected dog, its owner, and the domestic environment. Genomic investigation revealed household transmission of the ...high-risk hospital clone sequence type 233 in the human-animal-environment interface. Results suggest zooanthroponotic transmission of VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa in the household following the patient's hospital discharge.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Klebsiella pneumoniae
is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause several infections, mainly in hospitalised or immunocompromised individuals. The spread of
K. pneumoniae
emerging virulent and ...multidrug-resistant clones is a worldwide concern and its identification is crucial to control these strains especially in hospitals. This article reports data related to multi-resistant
K. pneumoniae
strains, isolated from inpatients in the city of Manaus, Brazil, harbouring virulence and antimicrobial-resistance genes, including high-risk international clones belonging to clonal group (CG) 258. Twenty-one strains isolated from different patients admitted to four hospitals in the city of Manaus, located in the state of Amazonas, Northern Brazil (Amazon Rainforest region) were evaluated. The majority of strains (61.9%
n
= 13) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and five strains (23.8%) as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Several virulence and antimicrobial-resistance genes were found among the strains and eight strains (38.1%) presented the hyper-mucoviscous phenotype. MLST analysis demonstrated a great diversity of STs among the strains, totaling 12 different STs (ST11, ST23, ST198, ST277, ST307, ST340, ST378, ST462, ST502, ST3991, ST3993 and ST5209). Three of these (ST11, ST23 and ST340) belong to CG258.
and
spp. are biofilm-forming pathogens commonly found colonizing medical devices, being mainly associated with pneumonia and bloodstream infections. The coinfection by these pathogens presents higher ...mortality rates when compared to those caused by a single microbial species. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of echinocandins and polymyxin B (PMB) against polymicrobial biofilms of carbapenem-resistant (CR)
and
spp. (
,
,
, and
). In addition, we tested the antimicrobial effect on their planktonic and monomicrobial biofilm counterparties. Interestingly, beyond inhibition of planktonic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.5 μg/ml and biofilm minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC)
≤ 2-8 μg/ml growth of
, PMB was also effective against planktonic cells of
(MIC = 2 μg/ml), and polymicrobial biofilms of CR
with
(MBIC
≤ 2 μg/ml),
(MBIC
= 4-16 μg/ml),
(MBIC
= 8-16 μg/ml), or
(MBIC
= 8-64 μg/ml). On the other hand, while micafungin (MFG) showed highest inhibitory activity against planktonic (MIC ≤ 0.008-0.5 μg/ml) and biofilm (MBIC
≤ 2-16 μg/ml) growth of
spp.; caspofungin (CAS) displays inhibitory activity against planktonic cells (MIC = 0.03-0.25 μg/ml) and monomicrobial biofilms (MBIC
≤ 2-64 μg/ml) of
spp., and notably on planktonic and monomicrobial biofilms of CR
(MIC or MBIC
≥ 64 μg/ml). Particularly, for mixed biofilms, while CAS reduced significantly viable cell counts of CR
and
spp. at ≥32 and ≥ 2 μg/ml, respectively; PMB was effective in reducing viable cells of CR
at ≥2 μg/ml and
spp. at ≥8 μg/ml. Similar reduction of viable cells was observed for CAS (32-64 μg/ml) combined with PMB (2 μg/ml). These findings highlight the potential of PMB and CAS for the treatment of polymicrobial infections caused by
spp. and critical priority CR
.
During a microbiological and genomic surveillance study conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from community-acquired ...urinary tract infections (UTI) and commercial meat samples, in a Brazilian city with a high occurrence of infections by ESBL-producing bacteria, we have identified the presence of CTX-M (-2, -14, -15, -24, -27 and -55)-producing E. coli of international clones ST38, ST117, ST131 and ST354. The ST131 was more prevalent in human samples, and worryingly the high-risk ST131-C1-M27 was identified in human infections for the first time. We also detected CTX-M-55-producing E. coli ST117 from meat samples (i.e., chicken and pork) and human infections. Moreover, the clinically relevant CTX-M-24-positive E. coli ST354 clone was detected for the first time in human samples. In summary, our results highlight a potential of commercialized meat as a reservoir of high-priority E. coli lineages in the community, whereas the identification of E. coli ST131-C1-M27 indicates that novel pandemic clones have emerged in Brazil, constituting a public health issue.
The environment plays an important role in the dissemination of clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes. In this study, we described genomic features of a plasmid-mediated ...colistin-resistant
mcr-1
-positive
Escherichia coli
strains (PK-3225) isolated from a dairy farm wastewater sample. After initial isolation and PCR detection of
mcr-1
-positive
E. coli
, whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina Hiseq 2500 followed by in silico analysis. Genetic context surrounding the
mcr-1
gene was determined and SNP-based phylogenomic analysis was performed. Furthermore, plasmid analysis and conjugation assays were performed to determine transferability of
mcr-1
.
E. coli
PK-3225 belonged to ST10 and carried a broad resistome that included colistin (
mcr-1
), beta-lactam (
bla
TEM-IB
), tetracycline (
tetB
), phenicol (
catA1
), macrolide (
mdfA
), trimethoprim (
dfrA17
), aminoglycosides (
aadA5, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id
), and sulphonamide (
sul2
) resistance genes. The draft genome of
E. coli
calculated as 4.9 Mbp. Conjugation experiment showed successful transfer of the
mcr-1
gene to
E. coli
recipient strain J53. In silico analysis showed that
mcr-1
was located on IncI2 plasmid of > 59 kb in length, with the
nikB
-
mcr-1
-
pap2
gene array, and lack IS
Apl1
. The phylogenomic analysis revealed that the PK-3225 was closely related to human ST10
E. coli
from Brazil and USA. To our knowledge, this is the first draft genome sequence of
mcr-1
carrying
E. coli
isolated from the farm environment in Pakistan. Considering the high burden of colistin resistance in Pakistan, presence of pandemic high-risk
E. coli
clones in the environment requires strict surveillance.
Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. are considered important foodborne pathogens that are commonly associated with foods of animal origin. The aim of this study was to perform molecular ...characterization of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. isolated from biofilms of cattle and poultry slaughterhouses located in the Federal District and State of Goiás, Brazil. Fourteen L. monocytogenes isolates and one Salmonella sp. were detected in poultry slaughterhouses. No isolates were detected in cattle slaughterhouses. All L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to lineage II, and 11 different pulsotypes were detected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the dissemination of two strains within one plant, in addition to the regional dissemination of one of them. The Salmonella isolate was identified via whole genome sequencing as Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota ST548. In the sequence analysis, no premature stop codons were detected in the inlA gene of Listeria. All isolates demonstrated the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells, while 50% were capable of invading them. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 57.1% of the L. monocytogenes isolates, and resistance to sulfonamide was the most common feature. The tetC, ermB, and tetM genes were detected, and four isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Salmonella sp. was resistant to nine antimicrobials and was classified as multidrug-resistant. Resistance genes qnrB19, blaCMY-2, aac(6')-Iaa, sul2, and tetA, and a mutation in the parC gene were detected. The majority (78.5%) of the L. monocytogenes isolates were capable of forming biofilms after incubation at 37°C for 24 h, and 64.3% were capable of forming biofilms after incubation at 12°C for 168 h. There was no statistical difference in the biofilm-forming capacity under the different evaluated conditions. Salmonella sp. was capable of forming biofilms at both tested temperatures. Biofilm characterization was confirmed by collecting the samples consistently, at the same sampling points, and by assessing biofilm formation in vitro. These results highlight the potential risk of cross-contamination in poultry slaughterhouses and the importance of surveillance and pathogen control maintenance programs within the meat production industry.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is a public health issue globally, mainly due to the production of carbapenem hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs). In Brazil, OXA-23 and OXA-143 ...CHDLs have been prevalent in A. baumannii from clinical settings, with some OXA-23 reports in the environmental samples, whereas OXA-72 has begun to be increasingly reported. This study aims to perform the genomic and microbiological characterization of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates recovered from migratory birds and captive birds inhabiting a lake within a Brazilian Zoo. Four hundred and eighty-one gram-negative bacilli were recovered from choanal and cloacal swabs obtained from 50 migratory birds and 37 captive birds present at the zoo's lake between July and August of 2012. Among all GNB, nine OXA-72-producing A. baumannii were detected from the microbiota of four migratory and five captive aquatic birds. The OXA-72-producing A. baumannii isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test and PFGE, exhibiting a multidrug-resistant profile and clonal relatedness with OXA-72-positive human isolates circulating for eighteen years in a hospital setting. MLST, plasmid analysis and whole-genome sequencing revealed which all carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii from bird and human hosts belonged to clonal complex 79, and harboured a small plasmid (⁓16.6-kb in size), named pAC1-BRL, which carried blaOXA-72 gene, macrolide resistance genes msrE and mphE, and the toxin-antitoxin system AbkAB. To determine the impact of pAC1-BRL acquisition in the the capacity of a microorganism to survive in a competitive environment (in the following called fitness), the laboratory strain A. baumannii ATCC 19606 was used in the fitness experiments and suggested an increase of its relative fitness after the pAC1-BRL acquisition. In summary, the detection of OXA-72-producing A. baumannii strains belonging to CC79 in aquatic birds is a piece of epidemiological evidence demonstrating that dissemination of high-risk bacteria is extending beyond the hospital.
Display omitted
•Occurrence of MDR bacteria in aquatic birds in a zoo has been investigated.•OXA-72-producing A. baumannii belonged to CC79 was identified in birds and humans.•The blaOXA-72 gene was carried by a new GR2-type small plasmid.•Birds as routes of MDR A. baumannii spread beyond the hospital is discussed.
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