Innovations in machine learning are enabling organisational knowledge bases to be automatically generated from working people's activities. The potential for these to shift the ways in which ...knowledge is produced and shared raises questions about what types of knowledge might be inferred from working people's actions, how these can be used to support work, and what the broader ramifications of this might be. This article draws on findings from studies of (i) collaborative actions, and (ii) knowledge actions, to explore how these actions might (i) inform automatically generated knowledge bases, and (ii) be better supported through technological innovation. We triangulate findings to develop a framework of actions that are performed as part of everyday work, and use this to explore how mining those actions could result in knowledge being explicitly and implicitly contributed to a knowledge base. We draw on these possibilities to highlight implications and considerations for responsible design.
This article presents findings from a field study of 8 persons older than 50 who were undertaking a range of activities with the intention of "recording their memories for posterity." We describe ...practices associated with dealing with inherited family archives; the creation of new artifacts (such as scrapbooks and collections of letters) out of repurposed archived materials; and the recording of one's memoirs. Our analysis leads us to emphasise a distinction between "personal" memory and memory "for family," noting that although memory is used in the construction of a sense of one's own history, and in enabling personal reflection on the past, the work that is bound up with processing archives and producing new artifacts is heavily influenced by a desire to make them accessible and relevant to children and grandchildren, both now and in the future. The tending to, and crafting of, these materials can be understood as a means of creating a "joint" past and reinforcing a wider family narrative. We conclude that through these practices, memory is used a resource for self but also for future family life.
Surfacing Small Worlds through Data-In-Place Lindley, Siân E.; Thieme, Anja; Taylor, Alex S. ...
Computer supported cooperative work,
04/2017, Letnik:
26, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present findings from a five-week deployment of voting technologies in a city neighbourhood. Drawing on Marres’ (
2012
) work on material participation and Massey’s (
2005
) conceptualisation of ...space as dynamic, we designed the deployment such that the technologies (which were situated in residents’ homes, on the street, and available online) would work in concert, cutting across the neighbourhood to make visible, juxtapose and draw together the different ‘small worlds’ within it. We demonstrate how the material infrastructure of the voting devices set in motion particular processes and interpretations of participation, putting data
in
place in a way that had ramifications for the recognition of heterogeneity. We conclude that redistributing participation means not only opening up access, so that everyone
can
participate, or even providing a multitude of voting channels, so that people can participate in different ways. Rather, it means making visible multiplicity, challenging notions of similarity, and showing how difference may be productive.
Previous work suggests that older adults view communication with family as being worthy of time and dedication, and that they fail to understand the allure of lightweight contact. This paper presents ...findings from a field trial in which three generations of a family were linked through situated messaging devices, which, while designed to support lightweight messaging, also afford rich and expressive contact. Analysis suggests that communication via the devices provided a valuable additional dimension to the families’ existing practices, but that the type of messaging supported is best understood as one element in an amalgam of communication possibilities. Suggestions for complementary approaches are offered.
This paper explores and evaluates two techniques that measure aspects of social behaviour as an indicator of experience. The rationale driving the work is the idea that experience is entwined with ...social interaction and so, while experience itself is difficult to quantify, we might tap into it by measuring aspects of conversation that are related to it. Two techniques are considered as possible ways of doing this: (i) process measures of social behaviour derived from video analysis and (ii) thin-slice ratings ascribed by naïve judges. Regarding (i), process measures of conversational equality, freedom and number of turns are shown to be reliable, sensitive and linked to unfolding experience. Regarding (ii), a Thin Slice Enjoyment Scale is developed and shown to be a reliable and less time-consuming, but also less sensitive, alternative to the process measures. Both methods are of interest to researchers and practitioners who would wish to assess user experience in a group context. Additionally, analysis of the process measures is of broader relevance to researchers who conduct quantitative analyses of talk.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
6.
Collocated social practices surrounding photos Lindley, Siân E.; Durrant, Abigail; Kirk, David ...
International journal of human-computer studies,
12/2009, Letnik:
67, Številka:
12
Journal Article
This paper presents an exploration of how images captured by a wearable camera, SenseCam, might foster reflection on everyday experiences. SenseCams were provided to multiple members of four ...households who wore them simultaneously and reviewed the images after one week, and then again after a period of 18 months. The findings reveal how images captured by different family members led to new insights around normally unremarkable routines, and provided new perspectives on how children experienced the world, while the 18 month interval prompted some reinterpretation of the past and made participants aware of incremental changes in their everyday lives. Implications for the design of tools to support reflection on personal experience are suggested and remarks about the concept of memory collection devices made.
► Families and couples reviewed SenseCam photos captured 18 months previously. ► New meanings were constructed in the production of personal and family narratives. ► An emphasis on routine made incremental changes clear; sameness was also apparent. ► Insights were gained into the lives of others, including of children by parents. ► Implications for designing tools to support reflection are discussed.
Two experiments are reported in which groups of three friends socialised around their own photographs. The photographs were of two types, depicting events where all three had been present, permitting ...reminiscing, and events where only the photographer had been present, permitting storytelling. In Experiment 1 the seating arrangement was manipulated so that the two audience members sat either
behind or
around the photographer. It was hypothesised that the former would lower levels of peripheral awareness within the groups, resulting in a more formal conversation and a poorer recreational experience. In Experiment 2, control over the photographs was manipulated so that either all three group members had access to a remote control (
distributed control), or only the photographer did (
single control). It was hypothesised that distributed control would result in less formal conversations and a better recreational experience. In both experiments, the hypotheses were supported: patterns of social interaction were significantly affected by the manipulation of awareness during storytelling, and by the manipulation of control during reminiscing. Additionally, the two manipulations were found to affect ratings of enjoyment and fun, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of a causative model of unfolding and recounted experience.
Making Time Lindley, Siân E.
Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing,
02/2015
Conference Proceeding
This paper draws on research on time and technology, with a view to examining the notion that technology is implicated in the speeding up of everyday life. We begin by looking at research that shows ...how the adoption of the clock and of "clock time" was framed by more general shifts in ways of conceptualising and using time. Likewise, we suggest that the ways in which digital technologies are said to shape experiences of time need to be understood in the context of the fractured routines of the modern Western world. We argue that "redesigning" these experiences necessitates a broader way of dealing with the temporal structures of social life. Technology may play various roles here, for instance by shaping temporal infrastructures and highlighting reified temporal patterns. However, complex challenges also need to be addressed, central to which are recent accounts that position time as collective and entangled.
We present the results of a field trial in which a visual answer machine, the BubbleBoard, was deployed in five households. The aims of the trial were to create an improved answer machine, but also, ...and more interestingly, to encourage family members to appropriate it through the inclusion of open and playful design elements. Through making aspects of audio messages visible, BubbleBoard offered a number of improvements over existing answer machines. However, the new affordances associated with this were not appropriated by family members in the ways we had expected. We discuss possible reasons for this, and conclude that attempting to encourage appropriation through ‘openness’ in design may not be sufficient in the face of well-established social practices.
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