The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which complications relating to cataract surgery are a cause of visual impairment in a population aged 50 and over from the city of Campinas, ...São Paulo State, Brazil. An assessment of cataract surgery services was conducted using random cluster sampling, with the sample composed of 60 clusters of 40 people aged 50 years or older. Of the selected sample of 2,400 subjects, 92.67% were examined. Of these 2,224 examined subjects, 75 (3.37%) presented bilateral visual impairment and 164 unilateral, while a total of 314 (7.06%) eyes presented visual impairment. 352 eyes had undergone cataract surgery. The causes of visual impairment after surgery were concurrent eye disease (56%), surgical complications (28.8%) and refractive errors (15.2%). Cataract surgery complications represented the 5th most important cause of visual impairment. The other main causes were cataract, posterior segment disorders, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. These results suggest cataract surgery complications are a major cause of visual impairment in this population. Their prevention and treatment must be part of public health care policies.
Highlights • A broad but unguided cytokine storm is observed in the non-responder HCV patients. • SVR was associated with early decrease in the viral load. • A time-dependent increase on IL-12 levels ...was critical to support the SVR.
To describe the main success attitudes of young ophthalmologists in the first decade of their career.
This descriptive study comprised subjects selected from a sample of ophthalmologists who were ...participating in a congress, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ophthalmologists under the age of 40 years, within 5-10 years from ophthalmology residency conclusion. The subjects were asked about the three main success attitudes in their personal experience during the first years of ophthalmology practice. After the initial results, the 10 most frequently mentioned attitudes were listed and volunteers were again interviewed to choose, within the latter list, the three main attitudes.
Forty-eight ophthalmologists were interviewed, 24 (50%) were male; the mean age was 37 years (SD: 2 years, range: 33-40 years) and the mean time from ophthalmology residency conclusion was 8 years (SD: 1 year, range: 5-10 years). The frequency of such mentioned success attitudes were as follows: to invest in professional updating (22.9%), to have a good relationship with patients and professional partners (18.8%), to prioritize individual and family happiness (12.5%), initially to work in an established group (11.1%), to work in public service (9.7%), to have their own business with a homogeneous group (7.6%), to save money (7.6%), to be ready to resume work (4.2%), to get business administration skills (4.2%), and to have professional insurance (0.7%).
The three main success attitudes consisted in investing in professional updating (22.9%), maintaining a good relationship with patients and professional partners (18.8%), and prioritizing individual and family happiness (12.5%). Although these results should not be generalized, they are helpful not only for those ophthalmologists at the beginning of a career but also those who want to reflect on what to prioritize in their professional practice.
The development of software aligned with Web3 innovations is essential to stimulate discussions on the application of these technologies in the scientific realm. This study presents the development ...of a 'cryptogame,' a game that integrates blockchain technology to incorporate Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) into its functionalities. The paper explores fundamental Web3 concepts, with references to relevant literature, and details the development process, including the methodologies and models adopted. As a result, a puzzle game was created that utilizes NFTs as playable characters, allowing for the transfer of these assets between digital wallets. Furthermore, the study investigates the application of these concepts in adapting a traditional mobile game for the use of NFTs, demonstrating the necessary changes in user interface and game mechanics to support the integration with digital assets.
► Intra-BLA D
2 antagonist sulpiride inhibited the expression of fear-potentiated startle. ► Conditioned fear increased freezing response and dopamine levels in the BLA. ► Intra-VTA quinpirole ...inhibited the increase in freezing and dopamine in the BLA. ► Fear response to a light-CS depends on activation of VTA–BLA dopaminergic connections.
Excitation of the mesocorticolimbic pathway, originating from dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), may be important for the development of exaggerated fear responding. Among the forebrain regions innervated by this pathway, the amygdala is an essential component of the neural circuitry of conditioned fear. The functional role of the dopaminergic pathway connecting the VTA to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in fear and anxiety has received little attention. In vivo microdialysis was performed to measure dopamine levels in the BLA of Wistar rats that received the dopamine D
2 agonist quinpirole (1
μg/0.2
μl) into the VTA and were subjected to a fear conditioning test using a light as the conditioned stimulus (CS). The effects of intra-BLA injections of the D
1 antagonist SCH 23390 (1 and 2
μg/0.2
μl) and D
2 antagonist sulpiride (1 and 2
μg/0.2
μl) on fear-potentiated startle (FPS) to a light-CS were also assessed. Locomotor performance was evaluated by use of open-field and rotarod tests. Freezing and increased dopamine levels in the BLA in response to the CS were both inhibited by intra-VTA quinpirole. Whereas intra-BLA SCH 23390 did not affect FPS, intra-BLA sulpiride (2
μg) inhibited FPS. Sulpiride’s ability to decrease FPS cannot be attributed to nonspecific effects because this drug did not affect motor performance. These findings indicate that the dopamine D
2 receptor pathway connecting the ventral tegmental area and the basolateral amygdala modulates fear and anxiety and may be a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of anxiety.
The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which complications relating to cataract surgery are a cause of visual impairment in a population aged 50 and over from the city of Campinas, ...São Paulo State, Brazil. An assessment of cataract surgery services was conducted using random cluster sampling, with the sample composed of 60 clusters of 40 people aged 50 years or older. Of the selected sample of 2,400 subjects, 92.67% were examined. Of these 2,224 examined subjects, 75 (3.37%) presented bilateral visual impairment and 164 unilateral, while a total of 314 (7.06%) eyes presented visual impairment. 352 eyes had undergone cataract surgery. The causes of visual impairment after surgery were concurrent eye disease (56%), surgical complications (28.8%) and refractive errors (15.2%). Cataract surgery complications represented the 5th most important cause of visual impairment. The other main causes were cataract, posterior segment disorders, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. These results suggest cataract surgery complications are a major cause of visual impairment in this population. Their prevention and treatment must be part of public health care policies.Objetivou-se avaliar a relevância das complicações de facectomias como causa de baixa acuidade visual na população > 50 anos em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Uma avaliação dos serviços de cirurgia de catarata foi conduzida utilizando amostragem aleatória de agrupamentos populacionais, sendo composta por 60 agrupamentos de 40 pessoas > 50 anos. Na amostra de 2.400 indivíduos, 92,67% foram examinados. Dos 2.224 examinados, 75 (3,37%) apresentaram baixa acuidade visual bilateral, 164, unilateral. e um total de 314 (7,06%) olhos apresentou baixa acuidade visual. Trezentos e cinqüenta e dois olhos tinham sido submetidos a facectomias. As causas de baixa acuidade visual pós-cirurgia foram doenças oculares concomitantes (56%), complicações cirúrgicas (28,8%) e erros refrativos (15,2%). Complicações de cirurgias de catarata foram a quinta causa mais importante de baixa acuidade visual. Outras causas principais foram catarata, doenças oculares do segmento posterior, retinopatia diabética e glaucoma. Estes resultados sugerem que complicações de cirurgias de catarata é uma importante causa de baixa acuidade visual na população em estudo. Sua prevenção e tratamento precisam fazer parte das políticas de saúde pública.
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito de um probiótico e de um prebiótico sobre o desempenho zootécnico e a morfometria do intestino de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O experimento ...teve duração de 70 dias e foram utilizados 144 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 1,1 ± 0,2g e 4,0 ± 0,2cm de comprimento total da linhagem Chitralada, adquiridos de uma piscicultura comercial. Os peixes foram alojados em nove caixas de fibrocimento com volume útil de 200L, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e alimentados com ração comercial pura ou suplementada com probiótico (Bacillus subtilis) ou prebiótico(mananoligossacarídeo). Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: ração comercial; ração comercial com adição de probiótico e ração comercial com adição de prebiótico. Não houve diferença entre os valores de biomassa final, ganho de peso médio, ganho de peso diário, ganho em comprimento total, sobrevivência, conversão alimentar aparente e índice hepatossomático. Da mesma forma, não houve diferença entre tratamentos para número de vilosidades intestinais, mas os peixes submetidos aos tratamentos com a adição de probiótico ou de prebiótico apresentaram maior altura das vilosidades, e aqueles que receberam o tratamento com o probiótico apresentaram ainda maior espessura do epitélio das vilosidades, quando comparados com os animais alimentados com a ração sem os aditivos.
Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e capacitação dos cirurgiões-dentistas da rede privada de um município piauiense sobre o atendimento de pacientes com necessidades odontológicas especiais (PNOE) e ...dificuldades do profissional nesse tipo de atendimento. Material e Método: Estudo do tipo transversal, com coleta de dados realizada entre agosto e dezembro de 2019, com cirurgiões-dentistas da rede privada do município de Parnaíba-PI. O questionário aplicado abordou tópicos como a dificuldade no atendimento de PNOE, experiências sobre o tema na graduação, qualificação profissional e percepção sobre essa área da odontologia. Resultados: Todos os entrevistados (n=158) já atenderam PNOE, sendo que 78 participantes cursaram a disciplina de odontologia para PNOE durante a graduação e 51 realizaram algum curso de pós-graduação sobre o tema. Foi constatada uma influência positiva no nível de preparo do atendimento daqueles participantes que cursaram a disciplina ou que realizaram cursos de pós-graduação. Conclusão: Todos os cirurgiões-dentistas investigados já vivenciaram a experiência em atender PNOE. A maioria não cursou a disciplina na graduação e não fez pós-graduação para adquirir conhecimento para atendê-los, mas consideravam-se preparados devido à experiência adquirida durante mais de 10 anos de exercício da profissão e julgam a especialização OPNE necessária para capacitar o profissional à assistência destes pacientes.
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