The formation factor relates bulk resistivity to pore fluid resistivity in porous materials. Understanding the formation factor is essential in using electrical and electromagnetic methods to monitor ...ieachate accumulations and movements both within and around landfills. Specifically, the formation factor allows leachate resistivity, the degree of saturation, and, possibly, even the hydraulic conductivity of the waste to be estimated from non-invasive surface measurements. In this study, apparent formation factors are computed for three landfills with different types of waste as well as sediments contaminated by landfill leachate. Resistivity soundings at the closed Mallard North landfill in suburban Chicago （Illinois, USA） mapped leachate surfaces that were confirmed by monitoring wells. The resistivity of leachate-saturated waste from resistivity sounding inversions was then divided by the leachate resistivity values measured in-situ to compute apparent formation factors （Fa） ranging from 1.6 to 4.9. A global Fa of 3.0±1.9 was computed for the entire monitored portion of this landfill. At a nearby mixed laboratory waste landfill, a 2D inverted resistivity section was used to compute an Fa of 2.9. Finally, a distinctly different Fa value of 10.6±2.8 was computed for leachate-saturated retorted oil shale wastes north of Maoming （茂名）, Guangdong （广东） Province, China. Shallow aquifers in the Laohuling （老虎岭） Formation near this landfill are polluted by acidic leachate containing heavy metals and organic compounds. The Fa for aquifers containing contaminated groundwater fall in the same range as aquifers with normal groundwater, 1.7-3.9. However, models from inverted sounding curves over these contaminated areas exhibit unusually low resistivity layers, which may be diagnostic of contamination.
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer associated death worldwide. Besides environmental risk factors, genetic factors might play an important role in ...the esophageal cancer carcinogenesis. We conducted a hospital based case-control study to evaluate the genetic susceptibility of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the microRNAs on the development of esophageal cancer. A total of 629 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases and 686 controls were recruited for this study. The hsa-miR-34b/c rs4938723 T>C, pri-miR-124-1 rs531564 C>G, pre-miR-125a rs12975333 G>T and hsa-miR-423 rs6505162 C>A genotypes were determined using Ligation Detection Reaction (LDR) method. Our results demonstrated that hsa-miR-34b/c rs4938723 CC genotype had a decreased risk of ESCC. The association was evident among patients who never drinking. Hsa-miR-423 rs6505162 C>A might associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC in patients who smoking. These findings indicated that functional polymorphisms hsa-miR-34b/c rs4938723 T>C and hsa-miR-423 rs6505162 C>A might alter individual susceptibility to ESCC. However, our results were obtained with a limited sample size. Future larger studies with other ethnic populations are required to confirm current findings.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratios on rumen fermentation and development of fattening lambs. Methods: Forty-eight 7-day-old ...male Small-tailed Han sheep${\times}$Northeast fine wool sheep were randomly assigned to four treatments of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratios (0.12, 0.23, 0.24, and 0.48 in tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch and pea starch diets, respectively). Three lambs from each treatment were slaughtered at 21, 35, 56, and 77 days of age to determine the rumen fermentation and development. Results: Compared with tapioca starch diet, the pea starch diet significantly increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the ruminal fluid of lambs but significantly decreased the bacterial protein content. At 56 and 77 d, the rumen propionate concentration tended to be greatest in the tapioca starch group than in other groups. The rumen butyrate concentration was the greatest in lambs fed on pea starch compared with those fed on other starch diets. Furthermore, the pea starch diet significantly stimulated rumen development by increasing the papillae height, width and surface area in the rumen ventral or dorsal locations in lambs. However, different amylose/amylopectin ratios diets did not significantly affect the feed intake, body weight, average daily gain, the relative weight and capacity of the rumen in lambs with increasing length of trial periods. Conclusion: Lambs early supplemented with a high amylose/amylopectin ratio diet had favourable morphological development of rumen epithelium, which was not conducive to bacterial protein synthesis.
The performance of phytoextraction is evaluated at an oil shale tailing site in South China, where the soil is moderately contaminated with heavy metals. Soil, wastes, and plant tissues (leaf, stem, ...and root) were collected from the site and analyzed for metals. The analytical results show that the plants can extract more metal from the surrounding soil than their nutrient requirements. Though the plants sampled are not hyperaccumulators for heavy metals as defined by other researchers, they can translocate heavy metals to their leaves and tolerate acidic soil with pH as low as 3.4. This makes them candidates for contaminated site remediation. Abelmoschus moschatus, Eleocharis quisetina J. et C.Presl, Acacia confusa wild., and Eucalyptus saligna were particularly effective in translocating heavy metals to easily harvestable leaves and shoots.
Since the mineral compositions can be obtained from the concentrations of the major elements in the formation, the accurate determination of the elemental concentration is very critical to the ...reservoir evaluation. However, it is always a challenge to accurately obtain the concentrations of major elements in the complex lithology or unconventional reservoirs (such as shale gas reservoirs) due to the complexity of lithology and the limitation of the current data processing method. The widely used weighted least squares (WLS) method, which is applied in the quantitative energy spectral processing for the pulsed neutron geochemical logging, suffers the absence of constraint condition of the solution variables and thus it is hardly to determine the elemental concentrations in a high precision and accuracy. In this paper, we introduced an active-set method (ASM) to improve the inversion accuracy after transforming the inversion problem into a quadratic programming problem with constraints. The ASM is capable of constraining the solution variables within reasonable boundary limits, and thus the high-precision elemental yields can be determined by the iterative processing. The conversion of elemental yields into elemental concentrations is accomplished via an oxide closure model and a pseudo-capture spectrum method. To verify the applicability, we numerically obtained the capture and inelastic spectra by the Monte Carlo simulation from three formation models with different porosities: simple formation, complex lithology formation, and unconventional formation models. Then the ASM and WLS methods are used to process both the capture and inelastic spectra in different models. The results comparison between the two methods shows that the elemental concentrations inverted by using the ASM are more accurate than those determined by using the WLS method. Finally, a field logging data set is processed by the ASM, and the results indicate the feasibility of the inversion result from the ASM from the pulsed neutron geochemical logging.
•Active set method (ASM) improves the inverted precision and accuracy of elemental concentrations.•The concentration of Mg obtained from inelastic spectra has higher precision.•Elemental standard spectra and relative sensitivities are obtained.
The enriched anaerobic naphthalene-adapted mixed bacteria were capable of biodegrading naphthalene efficiently and without a lag phase in soil upon inoculating under nitrate reducing conditions when ...the initial concentration was below 150mg/kg in soil. Nitrite, a product of nitrate reduction, did not inhibit naphthalene degradation even at concentrations over 143mg/L. Naphthalene degradation was enhanced approximately two times when 10g/L hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) was amended simultaneously in soil.
ICP (Iterative Closest Point) is the most widely used point cloud registration algorithm. However, some shortcomings still exist in this algorithm, such as (1) the need to manually determine the ...initial value of the registration; (2) the low efficiency for large-scale point cloud registration. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved ICP point cloud registration algorithm based on the three-points congruent sets. Firstly, the algorithm narrows the search of corresponding points by extracting 3D-SIFT key points. Then, possible corresponding points are confirmed by the position relationship between the centroid and key points. The optimal transformation matrix can also be determined based on the error function. Finally, the two point clouds are accurately aligned according to the resulted optimal transformation matrix and ICP algorithm. Experimentally, the algorithm is proved to be efficient without manual intervention.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated closely with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The authors previously reported that an EBV immediate-early gene, BRLF1, was expressed frequently in NPC tumors, ...and a significant elevation in immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies directed against BRLF1 gene product Rta was detected in NPC sera by a radioactive immunoprecipitation assay. To simplify and to make the detection more quantitative, an enzyme-linked immnunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed in this study.
Antigen domains of Rta were identified further using an immunoprecipitation assay. Two glutathione-S-transferase (GST) recombinant Rta fragments (R150-GST and R185-GST) were prepared subsequently and were used as antigens in the ELISA. Serum samples derived from 51 patients with NPC patients, 115 non-NPC ENT patients, and 47 healthy volunteers were examined for the presence of antibodies directed against Rta.
Among the patients with NPC, 74.5% showed a positive IgG response to R150-GST, and 62.7% showed a positive IgG response to R185-GST, with 80.4% positive for either fragment. In contrast, the reactions were positive in only 8.5% of healthy volunteers and 13.0% of control patients. When using a mixture of the two recombinant Rta proteins as coating antigens, the IgG positive responses were 82.3%, 10.6%, and 14.8%, respectively, in patients with NPC, healthy volunteers, and control patients. It is noteworthy that 51.0% of the NPC sera showed a positive immunoglobulin A (IgA) response, with none of the control patients showing obvious reactivity. Both the IgG response and the IgA response to Rta protein in patients with NPC were correlated with the IgA response to EBV early antigens and virus capsid antigens, the classic serologic markers used to diagnose NPC.
The ELISA method described for the detection of IgG antibodies directed against recombinant Rta proteins is simple and reliable and may be useful as a serologic parameter for the screening and diagnosis of patients with NPC.
This paper discusses the coordination for reactive power and voltage optimization of transmission network and distribution network. Based on the agent-based simulation framework of GridLAB-D for ...smart grid, creates the multi-agent model of reactive power and voltage optimization for cooperative transmission network and distribution network based global analysis, and solves the model; For the simulation model, the individual agents including the reactive power and voltage optimization for transmission network and distribution network, the boundary nodes of transmission network and distribution network are modeled independently; The boundary nodes of transmission network and distribution network realize the data exchange of the reactive power and voltage optimization of transmission network and distribution network; Through the cooperative iteration of all agents, realizes the global reactive power and voltage optimization. Take a power network including distributed generations as simulation example, by the time-series simulation analysis of GridLAB-D, the results prove the method eliminates the voltage mismatch and power mismatch when the optimization for transmission network and distribution network are separate; meanwhile, the method realizes the objective of decreasing the network loss, restraining the influence of voltage quality induced by distributed generations and loads, and improving the power consumption efficiency.
通过大田试验,研究了不同供水水平下单作小麦（SW）、单作玉米（SC）、高留茬收割覆盖小麦间作玉米（WCM）和不留茬小麦间作玉米（WC）的耗水特性.结果表明,不同种植模式耗水总量由大到小依次为：WC〉WCM〉SC〉SW;与SW和SC加权平均对应相比,WC总耗水量增大了41.4%~47.2%、平均日棵间蒸发量增大了4.4%~7.1%、棵间蒸发量占耗水量的比例增大了7.8%~9.7%,WCM总耗水量增大了34.5%~46%、平均日棵间蒸发量增大了0.8%~2.6%、棵间蒸发量占耗水量的比例降低了2.0%~2.6%.同种种植模式内,随灌水量增加,总耗水量增大、棵间蒸发量占耗水量的比例减小.据此认为小麦高留茬覆盖是提高绿洲灌区间作土壤水分的有效途径之一.著者文摘
A field experiment was carried out in this study,in order to investigate the water consumption characteristics of four cropping patterns under three water supply levels.The cropping patterns were sole cropping wheat（SW）,sole cropping corn（SC）,wheat corn intercropping with wheat-stubble mulching（WCM） and wheat corn intercropping without wheat-stubble mulching（WC）.The results showed as follows：the water consumption of different cropping patterns was in the order of WCWCMSCSW.Comparing to the weighted mean of SW and WC correspondingly,the total water consumption,daily soil evaporation and the ratio of soil evaporation to water consumption of WC was increased by 41.4 %~47.2 %,4.4 %~7.1
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