Monitoring is more common in today's clinical practice, especially in critical care medicine. Any confusion between monitoring and diagnosis will mislead clinical behavior which could be disastrous. ...A monitoring parameter usually focuses on a specific physiological point and represents the immediate situation of the point with quantitative values. A series of numerical value of monitoring parameters indicate physiological change or a disease process. If the clinical intervention targeted at the point, the numerical value represents the strength and the direction of the intervention. However, monitoring itself is not a therapeutical method. Only when medical personnel understand the characteristics of the parameters totally and use them to guide feedback management, and then to constitute accurate implementation of intervention methods, monitoring is worth to practise, and it is of clinical significance.
Although the shock has long and routinely been treated, right heart and pulmonary circulation used to be the forgotten corners in clinical management. Twenty years ago, my colleagues and I published ...the paper Right Ventricular Function of Patients with Septic Shock: Clinical Significance and proposed the strategy of 'right heart priority', in which we took right heart as a starting point, completed whole circulation pathway of blood flow clinically with hemodynamic indicators, and performed treatment based on the hemodynamic changes at real locations, degrees and responses to therapeutic interventions. Over the past 20 years, this strategy has been confirmed by many others and practiced in many hospitals worldwide. The current treatment of shock is a continuous, dynamic, target directed quantitative hemodynamic therapy and is moving from individualized treatment towards organ targeted treatment.
Plasma technology is commonly used in numerous fields, such as microelectronics, nanomaterial synthesis, nitrogen fixation, biomedicine, environmental protection, and polymer surface modification ...
The discipline system of critical care medicine consists of the knowledge system and thinking system. The knowledge system includes a series of interrelated knowledge points. Knowledge points are ...relatively independent and smallest units in knowledge. In the process of development, critical care medicine has formed its own characteristic knowledge points based on the knowledge of medicine. Thinking system refers to the way of thinking which consists of various thinking modes linked inseparably. Thinking system provides an essential driving force for the formation and continuous development of knowledge system. The actual composition of critical care medicine discipline is the professionals who know well the thinking system and knowledge system of critical care medicine.
Team building and teamwork mode have become the important parts in scientific research and clinical approach of critical care medicine (CCM). Team is a group composed of several individuals with ...different abilities, complementary roles and mutual dependence based on the common goal. Teamwork mode refers to that each member of the team, as a part of the community, completes the common goal through synergy based on the common knowledge system, according to the unified way of thinking. With the characteristics of CCM and the improvement of knowledge system and thinking system, the team building and teamwork mode of CCM has experienced a chaotic period, a molding period, an excitation period and a mature period. The team building and teamwork mode provide a strong internal impetus for the development of CCM.
Over 60 years of spacecraft exploration has revealed that the Earth's Moon is characterized by a lunar crust
dominated by the mineral plagioclase, overlying a more mafic (richer in iron and ...magnesium) mantle of uncertain composition. Both crust and mantle formed during the earliest stages of lunar evolution when late-stage accretional energy caused a molten rock (magma) ocean, flotation of the light plagioclase, sinking of the denser iron-rich minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, and eventually solidification
. Very large impact craters can potentially penetrate through the crust and sample the lunar mantle. The largest of these craters is the approximately 2,500-kilometre-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin
on the lunar far side. Evidence obtained from orbiting spacecraft shows that the floor of the SPA basin is rich in mafic minerals
, but their mantle origin is controversial and their in situ geologic settings are poorly known. China's Chang'E-4 lunar far-side lander recently touched down in the Von Kármán crater
to explore the floor of the huge SPA basin and deployed its rover, Yutu-2. Here we report on the initial spectral observations of the Visible and Near Infrared Spectrometer (VNIS)
onboard Yutu-2, which we interpret to represent the presence of low-calcium (ortho)pyroxene and olivine, materials that may originate from the lunar mantle. Geological context
suggests that these materials were excavated from below the SPA floor by the nearby 72-km-diameter Finsen impact crater event, and transported to the landing site. Continued exploration by Yutu-2 will target these materials on the floor of the Von Kármán crater to understand their geologic context, origin and abundance, and to assess the possibility of sample-return scenarios.
Lithium ion batteries have been one of the major power supplies for small electronic devices since the last century. However, with the rapid advancement of electronics and the increasing demand for ...clean sustainable energy, newer lithium ion batteries with higher energy density, higher power density, and better cyclic stability are needed. In addition, newer generations of lithium ion batteries must meet the requirements of low and easy fabrication cost and be free of toxic materials. There have been many novel approaches to gain high energy storage capacities and charge/discharge rates without sacrificing the battery cyclic life. Nanostructured electrodes are seemingly the most promising candidate for future lithium ion batteries. Modification of the electrode surface chemistry and the control of appropriate crystallinity are also reported to improve the electrode intercalation capabilities. The study of appropriately designed nanostructures, interfaces and crystallinity has also promoted and is accompanied with the development of thin film electrodes without the addition of binders and conductive carbon that are typically used in the fabrication of traditional lithium ion battery electrodes, simplifying the electrode fabrication process and enhancing electrode storage density. In this perspective, we summarize and discuss the efforts of fabricating nanostructures, modifying surface chemistry and manipulating crystallinity to achieve enhanced lithium ion intercalation capacities, rate capabilities and cyclic stability, as well as the direct fabrication of binderless film electrodes with desirable nano- and microstructures.
Lithium ion battery has become the focus of battery technology with nanostructured electrodes greatly enhancing the specific energy and power.
This review introduces and summarizes the fundamentals and various technical approaches developed for the template-based synthesis of nanorod, nanowire and nanotube arrays. After a brief introduction ...to various concepts for the growth of nanorods, nanowires and nanobelts, attention will be focused mainly on the most widely used and well established techniques for the template-based growth of nanorod arrays: electrochemical deposition, electrophoretic deposition, filling of templates by capillary force and centrifugation, and chemical conversion. In each section, relevant fundamentals will be first introduced, followed with examples to illustrate the specific details of each technique.
The study was established to inquire into the protective effect of the HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α)/ BNIP3(Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein) signal path-induced-autophagy ...during myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen–glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) injury in heart-derived H9C2 cells as well as its potential underlying mechanism.
Immediate myocardial I/R in SD (Spraque Dawley) rats and cytotoxicity of OGD/R injury on H9C2 cells with and without inhibitors or agonists of HIF-1α and BNIP3 were evaluated. Expression of mitochondrial autophagic protein were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. And the mitochondrial autophagosome were detected using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
I/R and OGD/R injury increased the expression level of HIF-1α, activated the downstream BNIP3 and subsequently triggered mitochondria-dependent autophagy. Up-regulation the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 may promote the cardiac myocytes of SD rats of I/R injure and OGD/R injury-induced autophagy of H9C2 cells. Moreover, down-regulation the expression of HIF-1α or BNIP3-siRNA decreased H9C2 cells autophagy under OGD/R injury.
Together, our studies indicated that HIF-1α synchronization regulate BNIP3 during OGD/R injury-induced autophagy in H9C2 cells, though BNIP3-induced autophagy acting as a survival mechanism.
Product returns have been viewed as an unavoidable cost for online sales, forfeiting any chance of cost savings. As competition pressure continues to mount in E-commerce, B2B or B2C, E-commerce ...corporations have begun to explore the possibility of managing product returns in a more cost-efficient manner by rescheduling the locations of recycling centers. However, few studies have addressed the problem of optimization of the numbers and location of collecting points, recycling centers and remanufacturing centers for E-commerce based on genetic algorithm. To fill the void in such a line of research, this paper proposes a genetic algorithm-based model that can solve the location-allocation optimization of reverse logistics for E-commerce. The usefulness of the proposed model and algorithm was validated by its application to an illustrative example dealing with logistics sites allocation from online sales.
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