Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in gastric cancer (GC) development. miR-93-5p has shown opposing functions in different types of cancers, but the exact expression ...pattern and molecular mechanism of miR-93-5p in GC development remain to be elucidated. Here, we reported that miR-93-5p expression was increased in GC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues and that its overexpression was correlated with distant metastasis and poor survival in GC patients. miR-93-5p knockdown inhibited the migration, invasion and proliferation of GC cells in vitro and in vivo, while its overexpression displayed an opposite result. Using an mRNA microarray, we found that miR-93-5p significantly downregulated IFNAR1 expression in GC cells, which was further identified as a direct target of miR-93-5p. IFNAR1 knockdown promoted GC cell migration and invasion, but its restoration could rescue GC cell migration and invasion induced by miR-93-5p overexpression. Moreover, miR-93-5p-IFNAR1 axis increased MMP9 expression via STAT3 pathway in GC cells. Taken together, we reveal that miR-93-5p overexpression is associated with the poor survival of GC patients and miR-93-5p-IFNAR1 axis promotes GC metastasis through activation of STAT3 pathway.
•miR-93-5p overexpression is correlated with the poor survival of GC patients.•INFAR1 is a direct target of miR-93-5p in GC cells.•miR-93-5p/IFNAR1 axis activates the STAT3 signaling pathway in GC metastasis.
Crystalline and porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have attracted enormous attention in the field of photocatalytic H2 evolution due to their ...long‐range order structures, large surface areas, outstanding visible light absorbance, and tunable band gaps. In this work, we successfully integrated two‐dimensional (2D) COF with stable MOF. By covalently anchoring NH2‐UiO‐66 onto the surface of TpPa‐1‐COF, a new type of MOF/COF hybrid materials with high surface area, porous framework, and high crystallinity was synthesized. The resulting hierarchical porous hybrid materials show efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation. Especially, NH2‐UiO‐66/TpPa‐1‐COF (4:6) exhibits the maximum photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 23.41 mmol g−1 h−1 (with the TOF of 402.36 h−1), which is approximately 20 times higher than that of the parent TpPa‐1‐COF and the best performance photocatalyst for H2 evolution among various MOF‐ and COF‐based photocatalysts.
Effective separation: A novel MOF/COF hybrid material assembled by covalent connecting two components, exhibits effective visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution due to the ideal band matching and effectively promoting the separation of the photogenerated charges and holes.
Objective： Alzheimer＇s disease and vascular dementia are responsible for more than 80% of dementia cases. These two conditions share common risk factors including hypertension. Cerebral small vessel ...disease （CSVD） is strongly associated with both hypertension and cognitive impairment. In this review, we identify the pathophysiological changes in CSVD that are caused by hypertension and further explore the relationship between CSVD and cognitive impairment. Data Sources： We searched and scanned the PubMed database for recently published literatures up to December 2017. We used the keywords of＂hypertension＂, ＂cerebral small vessel disease＂, ＂＇white matter lesions＂, ＂enlarged perivascular spaces＂, ＂lacunar infarcts＂, ＂cerebral microbleeds＂, and ＂cognitive impairment＂ in the database of PubMed. Study Selection： Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the hypertension-induced pathophysiological changes that occur in CSVD and the correlation between CSVD and cognitive impairment. Results： In recent years, studies have demonstrated that hypertension-related changes （e.g., small vascular lesions, inflarnmator3, reactions, hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, damage to autoregulatory processes and the blood-brain barrier, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy） can occur over time in cerebral small vessels, potentially leading to lower cognitive function when blood pressure （BP） control is poor or lacking. Both isolated and co-occurrent CSVD can lead to cognitive deterioration, and this effect may be attributable to a dysfunction in either the cholinergic system or the functionality of cortical and subcortical tracts. Conclusions： We explore the currently available evidence about the hypertensive vasculopathy and inflammatory changes that occur in CSVD. Both are vital prognostic indicators of the development of cognitive impairment. Future studies should be performed to validate the relationship between BP levels and CSVD progression and between the nunabers, volumes, and anatomical locations of CSVD and cognitive impairment.
The main purpose of this study was to reveal the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of 34 edible flowers that grew in Yunnan Province, China, through a comprehensive assessment of their ...nutritional composition and antioxidant indices. The results showed that sample A3 of Asteraceae flowers had the highest total flavonoid content, with a value of 8.53%, and the maximum contents of vitamin C and reducing sugars were from Rosaceae sample R1 and Gentianaceae sample G3, with values of 143.80 mg/100 g and 7.82%, respectively. Samples R2 and R3 of Rosaceae were the top two flowers in terms of comprehensive nutritional quality. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of Rosaceae samples was evidently better than that of three others, in which Sample R1 had the maximum values in hydroxyl radical (
OH) scavenging and superoxide anion radical (
O
) scavenging rates, and samples R2 and R3 showed a high total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridylhydrazine (DPPH) scavenging rate, respectively. Taken together, there were significant differences in the nutrient contents and antioxidant properties of these 34 flowers, and the comprehensive quality of Rosaceae samples was generally better than the other three families. This study provides references for 34 edible flowers to be used as dietary supplements and important sources of natural antioxidants.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is mainly caused by multiple factors. Recent studies have suggested that iron accumulation (IA) was closely related to PMOP. However, the detailed molecular ...mechanisms have not been well demonstrated. We constructed the IA mouse model by intraperitoneal injections of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and cell model by culturing with the medium containing FAC. Osteoporosis was confirmed in mouse bone tissues using H&E staining, and the level of serum ferritin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen‐1 N‐terminal peptide (P1NP), and osteocalcin in mice was examined by ELISA. The expressions of XIST and miR‐758‐3p were detected by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK‐8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptotic‐related proteins were evaluated by western blot. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the molecular interaction. The expressions of ALP, P1NP, and osteocalcin, and the H&E staining of bone tissues in mice were analyzed to confirm the biological function of XIST and miR‐758‐3p in vivo. XIST was up‐regulated while miR‐758‐3p was down‐regulated in IA mouse and cell models. XIST knockdown significantly reduced FAC‐induced osteoblast apoptosis, which was mimicked by transfection with miR‐758‐3p mimics. XIST acted as a sponge of miR‐758‐3p, which targeted caspase 3. IA led to the high expression of XIST and promoted osteoblast apoptosis through miR‐758‐3p/caspase 3. Transfection with shXIST or miR‐758‐3p mimics alleviated IA‐induced mouse osteoporosis. IA regulated osteoblast apoptosis through XIST/miR‐758‐3p/caspase 3 axis, which might provide alternative targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
High pressure processing (HPP), as nonthermal processing technology, has the potential to increase the drying rate due to its improvement of heat and mass exchange in different processes. In this ...study, the moisture migration in shrimps during HPP‐vacuum‐freeze drying (HPP‐VFD) processes has been monitored by using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance image (MRI) in comparison with hot air‐drying and VFD. Based on the T2 relaxation spectra, three water fractions corresponding to bound water (hydrogen‐bonded water), immobile water (water trapped by organization structure or cell member), and free water were observed. For group B, with increasing drying time (4 to 22 hr), the transverse relaxation times of T21, T22, and T23 were significantly decreased (76.79%, 57.78%, and 40.9%) (P < 0.05). The content of immobile water (A22) and free water (A23) decreased (81.55% and 89.07%), whereas the bound water (A21) increased (7.26%). In comparison with group B, the T21, T22, and T23 of group C showed greater decrease (83.12%, 87.12%, and 89.57% for group C) so that HPP pretreatment could shorten the relaxation time. MRI analysis further proved that HPP‐VFD drying has improved drying efficiency, and moisture migration was from the exterior to the interior part with increasing drying time. SEM analysis demonstrated that no significant damage of muscle fibers with narrower gaps was observed for groups B and C. Overall, HPP, as a pretreatment technology, could accelerate the moisture migration and improve the drying efficiency of VFD process for shrimp.
Practical Application
High pressure processing (HPP) is now well known as a nonthermal processing technology and becoming increasingly acknowledged. However, there is limited information about its application in shrimp‐drying process and the moisture dynamic of shrimp subjected to high pressure processing‐assisted vacuum‐freeze drying. This study could provide valuable information regarding the moisture status and migration in HPP‐VFD shrimp monitored by LF‐NMR and MRI methods. The results showed that HPP processing at 550 MPa for 10 min can be used as an interesting method for drying pretreatment, increasing its drying rate and consequently reducing its process time, and it demonstrated that the methods used in this study had good correlation coefficient with physicochemical properties of shrimp, which may be real‐time and nondestructive monitoring methods for shrimp‐drying process.
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using sequencing of fetal cellfree DNA from maternal plasma has enabled accurate prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy and become increasingly accepted in clinical ...practice. We investigated whether NIPT using semiconductor sequencing platform (SSP) could reliably detect subchromosomal deletions/duplications in women carrying high-risk fetuses. We first showed that increasing concentration of abnormal DNA and sequencing depth improved detection. Subsequently, we analyzed plasma from 1,456 pregnant women to develop a method for estimating fetal DNA concentration based on the size distribution of DNA fragments. Finally, we collected plasma from 1,476 pregnant women with fetal structural abnormalities detected on ultrasound who also underwent an invasive diagnostic procedure. We used SSP of maternal plasma DNA to detect subchromosomal abnormalities and validated our results with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). With 3.5 million reads, SSP detected 56 of 78 (71.8%) subchromosomal abnormalities detected by aCGH. With increased sequencing depth up to 10 million reads and restriction of the size of abnormalities to more than 1Mb, sensitivity improved to 69 of 73 (94.5%). Of 55 false-positive samples, 35 were caused by deletions/duplications present in maternal DNA, indicating the necessity of a validation test to exclude maternal karyotype abnormalities. This study shows that detection of fetal subchromosomal abnormalities is a viable extension of NIPT based on SSP. Although we focused on the application of cell-free DNA sequencing for NIPT, we believe that this method has broader applications for genetic diagnosis, such as analysis of circulating tumor DNA for detection of cancer.
Transition shock is highly prevalent among newly graduated registered nurses in their early career. Preceptors are widely used to support them in acquiring clinical nursing competencies and to ...promote their successful transition to practice. However, the mechanism by which transition shock and preceptor support are linked to nursing competency among newly graduated registered nurses remains unknown.
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between transition shock, preceptor support, and nursing competency in a sample of newly graduated registered nurses.
A descriptive, cross-sectional design.
Six tertiary hospitals in the southeast of mainland China.
Newly graduated registered nurses undertaking their professional role in the first year.
Convenience sampling was used to recruit 215 newly graduated registered nurses 184 female, 31 male from six hospitals. Data on transition shock, preceptor support, and nursing competency were collected using questionnaires from November to December 2019.
The nursing competency of critical thinking/research aptitude (mean = 2.68, SD = 0.63) was scored the lowest among participants. Transition shock (r = −0.21, p < .01) and perceptions of preceptor support (r = 0.56, p < .01) were statistically significantly correlated with nursing competency. Preceptor context, whether the assigned preceptor varied day by day, and the emotional challenges of transition shock were the main predictors of nursing competency (F = 36.86, p = .00), accounting for 34% of the variance in nursing competency.
Educational programs aimed at increasing critical thinking and research aptitude in the educational stage and the continuing educational stage can benefit newly graduated registered nurses. A well-organized transition program in hospitals including awareness and recognition of transition shock in newly graduated registered nurses is essential to enhance their competency in providing quality nursing. More support and assistance would be useful in promoting the preceptor's role in improving nursing competency of newly graduated registered nurses.
•Critical thinking/research aptitude presents a challenge for newly graduated nurses.•Emotional aspect of transition shock has negative influence on nursing competency.•Positive preceptor context has a positive influence on nursing competency.
Covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) have been recognized as a new type of promising photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. To investigate how different functional groups attached in the backbone of ...COFs affect the overall photocatalytic H2 evolution, for the first time, we selected and synthesized a series of ketoenamine‐based COFs with the same host framework as model system. It includes TpPa−COF−X (X=−H, −(CH3)2, and −NO2) with three different groups attached in the backbone of TpPa−COF. We systematically investigated the differences in morphology, light‐absorption intensity and band gap of these 2D COFs. The results of photocatalytic H2 evolution measurements indicate that the TpPa−COF−(CH3)2 shows the best activity, while the activity of TpPa−COF−NO2 is relatively low compared to that of other two COFs in the system. Moreover, the separation ability of photogenerated charge was also followed the order of TpPa−COF−(CH3)2>TpPa−COF>TpPa−COF−NO2. The best photocatalytic H2 production performance of TpPa−COF−(CH3)2 in these systems should be mainly attributed to the better electron‐donating ability of −CH3 groups compared to −H or −NO2 group, which result in more efficient charge transferring in the inner of the material. This work demonstrates that reasonably adding electron‐donating group in TpPa−COFs can lead to a better photocatalytic H2 evolution activity, and which is meaningful for further design of efficient COF‐based photocatalysts for H2 evolution.
Photocatalysis: A series ketoenamine‐based COFs of TpPa−COF−X (X=−H, −(CH3)2, and −NO2) exhibit significant difference on the visible light absorbance and efficiency of photocatalytic H2 evolution, which can be attributed to strengthen charge carrier mobilities both in‐plane and in the stacking direction because of the electron‐donating groups.
Combination therapy has been regarded as a promising strategy for cancer treatment due to the enhanced anticancer efficacy achieved by blocking multiple drug resistance pathways. In this work, a drug ...carrier based on nanoscale ZIF-90 for the codelivery of two anticancer drugs has been synthesized by covalently attaching doxorubicin (DOX) to the surface of ZIF-90 via Schiff base reaction of amino group in DOX and aldehyde group of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (ICA) ligand and encapsulating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) into the pores of the framework. The results of drug loading measurements show that the loading amount of drugs was estimated as high as 36.35 and 11–13.5 wt % for 5-FU and DOX, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated that the carrier had the potential of cancer-targeted delivery of drugs for the collapse of framework under the pH environment around cancer cells and subsequently releasing drugs. Drug release at pH 5.5, imitating the environment of tumor, can reach over 95%, and the release time is less 16 h, meaning a more effective and faster release of drugs around tumoral cells than that in a normal environment. This is the first report for cancer-targeted codelivery of two different chemical drugs based on nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs).
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