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•PE microplastics could adsorb typical pesticides through partitioning, thus influencing their persistence in water.•The log Kd (distribution coefficient between PE and water) are ...positively correlated with log Kow of the pesticides.•Aging treatment of microplastics had no significant effects on the interaction with the pesticides.•PE microplastics have little impact on the residue and distribution of the pesticides in a water-sediment system.
Microplastics pollution has become a global concern in recent years. In this work, the potential influences of polyethylene (PE) microplastics on the residue, degradation and distribution behaviors of eight pesticides (epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, azoxystrobin, simazine, terbuthylazine, atrazine and metolachlor) in the aquatic environment were investigated. The results showed that the presence of 2−50 g L−1 microplastics could decrease the pesticide residues in water. The adsorption isotherms were linear, indicating the process was dominated by partitioning into the bulk polymer. The desorption kinetics data implied the desorption process obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with R2 above 0.99 in most cases. Aging treatment of microplastics had no significant effects on the interaction with the pesticides. The presence of PE microplastics could significantly prolong the degradation half-lives of pesticides in water, especially for those with moderate degradation half-lives and high log Kow values. Take terbuthylazine as an example, its half-life significantly increased from 31.8 days to 45.2 days in the presence of 10 g L–1 microplastics. Besides, PE microplastics had little impact on the behavior of the pesticides in the water-sediment system. The findings of this study indicated that PE could adsorb pesticides through partitioning, thus influencing the persistence of the pesticides in water.
Immune-mediated conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular ailment characterized by inflammation and immune reactions in the conjunctiva. However, the precise causes and therapeutic approaches for this ...condition remain the main focus for numerous ophthalmological specialists. Recently, accumulating evidence from human and mouse experiments has demonstrated the critical involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the development of allergic diseases. Targeting specific NLRP3 inflammasome and its related inhibitors may hold potential as therapeutic agents for immunologic conjunctivitis. Despite this, there has been no systematic review specifically addressing the treatment of immunologic conjunctivitis related to NLRP3. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on NLRP3-related treatments for immunologic conjunctivitis patients, with the goal of evaluating their efficacy and safety.
We will conduct a comprehensive search for relevant studies on NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors or NLRP3-related treatments for immunologic conjunctivitis in various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang. The search will encompass studies from their respective inception dates to July 2023. A meta-analysis will be performed using data extracted from eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), focusing on the clinical manifestations of immunologic conjunctivitis, levels of NLRP3-related factors in serum or tear samples, quality of life outcomes, and adverse events. Review Manager 5.4.1 software will be employed for the meta-analysis, and the results will be analyzed using either random-effects or fixed-effects models, depending on the presence of heterogeneity. The reliability and quality of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.
The findings of this study will yield robust and high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of NLRP3-related treatments for immunologic conjunctivitis. This evidence will contribute significantly to our understanding of the potential benefits and risks associated with such treatments and will assist healthcare professionals in making informed decisions regarding the management of immunologic conjunctivitis.
This study represents the first comprehensive meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NLRP3-related treatments for immunologic conjunctivitis. The findings from this study will provide valuable evidence to guide clinical management strategies for this disease. The results are anticipated to significantly contribute to the understanding of the therapeutic potential and safety profile of NLRP3-related treatments, offering valuable insights for healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with immunologic conjunctivitis.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023437076.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Disruption of the gut microbiota homeostasis may induce low-grade inflammation leading to obesity-associated diseases. A major protective mechanism is to use the multi-layered mucus structures to ...keep a safe distance between gut epithelial cells and microbiota. To investigate whether pesticides would induce insulin resistance/obesity through interfering with mucus-bacterial interactions, we conducted a study to determine how long-term exposure to chlorpyrifos affected C57Bl/6 and CD-1 (ICR) mice fed high- or normal-fat diets. To further investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos-altered microbiota, antibiotic treatment and microbiota transplantation experiments were conducted.
The results showed that chlorpyrifos caused broken integrity of the gut barrier, leading to increased lipopolysaccharide entry into the body and finally low-grade inflammation, while genetic background and diet pattern have limited influence on the chlorpyrifos-induced results. Moreover, the mice given chlorpyrifos-altered microbiota had gained more fat and lower insulin sensitivity.
Our results suggest that widespread use of pesticides may contribute to the worldwide epidemic of inflammation-related diseases.
Sectors tend to generate pressure on the environment due to its large amounts of emissions. The aim of this study is to identify critical betweenness sectors and transactions that play an important ...intermediate role in the supply chain, which can provide additional insights for CO2 emissions. Based on the input-output and energy consumption data in China, the notion of network centrality and structural path analysis method are employed in this paper to identify critical betweenness sectors and transactions, and then the evolutionary trends of betweenness sectors and transactions are analyzed from 2005 to 2015. The results show that some critical betweenness sectors, such as Metal products sector and Electrical equipment sector, have huge potential for carbon emission reduction, which fail to receive sufficient attention from the perspective of production or consumption. Some critical transactions, such as the transaction from Nonmetal products sector to Construction sector, have a large amount of CO2 emissions. The transaction from Metallurgy sector to Electrical equipment sector became increasingly important in China from 2005 to 2015. Additionally, the evolutionary trends of different transactions are significantly different. The findings reveal that special attention should be paid to these critical betweenness sectors and transactions and policy development should be dynamic to respond to changes in CO2 emissions that are generated by different betweenness sectors and transactions.
•Critical betweenness sectors and transactions for CO2 emissions in China are identified.•Input-output relationships are converted into a supply chain network.•Edge betweenness and SPA are used to identify critical transactions in China.•The intermediate effect of Metal products sector is significant.
Antibiotics are currently extensively used in human medicine, animal farming, agriculture and aquaculture, and their residue has become a global environmental problem. However, the effects of ...antibiotic on other pollutants in aquatic environment are still poorly understood. In this study, the influences of norfloxacin on the residue, degradation and distribution of the herbicides (simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine, acetochlor and metolachlor) and the enantioselectivity of acetochlor in sediment and water-sediment microcosm system were investigated. Sediment was spiked with norfloxacin and water was contaminated by herbicides to simulate environmental pollution. The amounts of herbicides in water and sediment samples were analyzed within 30 days of cultivation. The results showed that norfloxacin could significantly inhibit the dissipation, lengthen the half-lives and enhance the residues of herbicides in sediment. Take simazine as an example, its half-life significantly increased from 16.1 days to 19.3 days and its residual percentage grew from 24.2% to 30.4% when sediment was contaminated with 5 mg·kg−1 norfloxacin. However, only acetochlor degradation was significantly inhibited by norfloxacin in water-sediment microcosm and the distribution of the herbicides were not affected. Enantioselective degradation of acetochlor was observed both in control and norfloxacin-treated water-sediment system, with R-acetochlor preferential elimination, suggesting the co-existence of norfloxacin had very limited influence on the enantioselectivity. The findings indicated that co-contamination with norfloxacin could increase the persistence of herbicides in aquatic environment, thus increasing the environmental risks to aquatic organisms.
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•Norfloxacin inhibited the dissipation of the herbicides in sediment and microcosm.•The distribution of herbicides in microcosm were not affected by norfloxacin.•Norfloxacin had limited effects on the enantioselective degradation of acetochlor.
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The supply and demand response trends of lithium resources in China are investigated under the obvious changes caused by the rapid development of emerging renewable energy ...technologies (ERETs), such as electric energy storage (EES) and new energy vehicles (NEVs). A system dynamics model for renewable energy technology–lithium supply and demand is developed based on the industrial chain of lithium resources. Then, we analyze how the trends in the lithium market price, the supply and demand gap, the import volume, and the composition of lithium consumption will change with the rising demand of EES and NEVs. The model is simulated under three different demand level scenarios. The results show that the lithium market price will experience 2 processes in which the market price first gradually increases and is followed by a rapid decline, which is due to the incentive for upstream industries to increase production, resulting in oversupply. There are relatively large gaps between supply and demand, especially in later periods under a high NEV demand scenario. The import volume of lithium resources increases significantly after period 20 due to the rapid development of EES and NEVs. The import volume is much greater under the high scenario in later periods. The EES will play a significant role in the market, which tends to be ignored in the literature. Lithium recycling and extraction technologies, especially for brine, require a breakthrough to increase domestic production to cope with various challenges, including supply shortages and import risks.
Infectious coryza (IC) is an acute infectious upper respiratory disease in chickens. Recently, the prevalence of IC has increased in China. In this study, to clarify the pathogenic mechanism and ...innate immune response of Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum), an infection experiment with A. paragallinarum was conducted. Our results showed that the whole course of IC was approximately 7 d. The clinical signs score was highest at 3 dpi and decreased from 5 dpi. A large amount of mucus and exudates was found in the infraorbital sinuses and nasal cavity. The A. paragallinarum contents in blood remained the highest, reaching 9.16 × 105 CFU/g at 5 dpi, which indicated that A. paragallinarum could rapidly invade the host, replicate in the blood and cause bacteremia. A. paragallinarum targets the upper respiratory tract. The infiltration of inflammatory cells, macrophages, and heterophilic granulocytes was only observed in the nasal cavity and infraorbital sinus. The Tlr4 and Nod1 pathways were activated and induced proinflammatory responses in chickens after infection with A. paragallinarum. The expression of Il1β and Il6 in the nasal cavity was significantly higher than that in the spleen, and it was consistent with the gross lesions and pathological changes. In particular, the expression of Il6 increased 229.07-fold at 1 dpi in the nasal cavity and increased 3.12-fold in the spleen. The high level of proinflammatory cytokines in the nasal cavity at an early stage of infection may be the main factor related to acute upper respiratory inflammation in chickens. These findings provide a reference for the occurrence and development of diseases mediated by A. paragallinarum.
A convenient and straightforward method, which is based on catechol dyes and tyrosinase, for colorimetric determination and discrimination of dithiocarbamate pesticides (DTCs) has been fabricated. ...Three catechol dyes, including pyrocatechol violet (PV), pyrogallol red (PR), and bromopyrogallol red (BPR), were chosen as both substrates and indicators in this method. Tyrosinase can facilitate oxidation of the catechol dyes, altering color and absorbance spectra of the dyes. DTCs can alter the absorbance spectra of the catechol dyes–tyrosinase system due to their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. As a result, the detection limit of the PV–tyrosinase system on ziram was determined to be 4.5 μg L–1. By implementing PV–tyrosinase, PR–tyrosinase, and BPR–tyrosinase, the colorimetric array successfully distinguished six DTCs (thiram, ziram, diram, ferbam, metiram, and mancozeb) at 5.0 μM using principal component analysis (PCA). The system can also determine ziram and distinguish DTCs in real samples. Furthermore, a smartphone can be used as a detector in this system to improve its real-world applications.
The prevalence of obesity has raised global concerns. Environmental pollutants are one of the main causes of obesity. Many studies have demonstrated that dietary fiber could reduce obesity induced by ...high-fat diets, but whether environmental pollutant-induced obesity can be reversed is still unknown.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of pectin on obesity induced by a typical environmental pollutant p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and explore the underlying mechanism by which pectin reversed p,p'-DDE-induced obesity.
p,p'-DDE was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6J mice and pectin was supplied during and after cessation of p,p'-DDE exposure. Body and fat weight gain, plasma lipid profile and insulin resistance of mice were assessed. Gut microbiota composition and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as the receptor proteins and hormones in the SCFAs-related signaling pathway were analyzed. Moreover, p,p'-DDE levels in various tissues of mice were detected.
Pectin supplementation reversed body and fat weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in p,p'-DDE-exposed mice. Furthermore, pectin apparently altered the p,p'-DDE-induced microbial composition and then promoted the levels of SCFAs in colonic feces as well as the expression of G-protein coupled receptors and the concentration of hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Pectin treatment also significantly reduced p,p'-DDE accumulation in mice tissues during p,p'-DDE exposure but did not change p,p'-DDE metabolism after termination of p,p'-DDE exposure.
Pectin had a good effect on reducing p,p'-DDE-induced obesity through regulating gut microbiota and provided a potential strategy for the treatment of environmental pollutant-caused health problems.
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