Assessment of disclosure risk is of paramount importance in data privacy research and applications. The concept of differential privacy (DP) formalizes privacy in probabilistic terms and provides a ...robust concept for privacy protection. Practical applications of DP involve development of DP mechanisms to release data at a pre-specified privacy budget. In this paper, we generalize the widely used Laplace mechanism to the family of generalized Gaussian (GG) mechanism based on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">l_p</tex-math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-2845388.gif"/> </inline-formula> global sensitivity of statistical queries. We explore the theoretical requirement for the GG mechanism to reach DP at prespecified privacy parameters, and investigate the connections and differences between the GG mechanism and the Exponential mechanism based on the GG distribution. We also present a lower bound on the scale parameter of the Gaussian mechanism of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\epsilon, \delta)</tex-math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-2845388.gif"/> </inline-formula>-probabilistic DP as a special case of the GG mechanism, and compare the utility of sanitized results in the tail probability and dispersion between the Gaussian and Laplace mechanisms. Lastly, we apply the GG mechanism in three experiments and compare the accuracy of sanitized results in the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">l_1</tex-math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq3-2845388.gif"/> </inline-formula> distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence, and examine the prediction power of a SVM classifier constructed with the sanitized data relative to the original results.
The efficacy of checkpoint immunotherapy to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) largely depends on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we demonstrate that CCL7 facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy for ...the Kras
Tp53
(KP) and the Kras
Lkb1
(KL) NSCLC mouse models by recruiting conventional DC 1 (cDC1) into the TME to promote T cell expansion. CCL7 exhibits high expression in NSCLC tumor tissues and is positively correlated with the infiltration of cDC1 in the TME and the overall survival of NSCLC patients. CCL7 deficiency impairs the infiltration of cDC1 in the TME and the subsequent expansion of CD8
and CD4
T cells in bronchial draining lymph nodes and TME, thereby promoting tumor development in the KP mouse model. Administration of CCL7 into lungs alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 significantly inhibits tumor development and prolongs the survival of KP and KL mice. These findings suggest that CCL7 potentially serves as a biomarker and adjuvant for checkpoint immunotherapy of NSCLC.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated proven efficacy in some hematologic cancers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of LCAR-B38M, a dual epitope-binding CAR T cell ...therapy directed against 2 distinct B cell maturation antigen epitopes, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).
This ongoing phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study enrolled patients (18 to 80 years) with R/R MM. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m
. LCAR-B38M CAR T cells (median CAR+ T cells, 0.5 × 10
cells/kg range, 0.07 to 2.1 × 10
) were infused in 3 separate infusions. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of LCAR-B38M CAR T cells; the secondary objective is to evaluate the antimyeloma response of the treatment based on the general guidelines of the International Myeloma Working Group.
At data cutoff, 57 patients had received LCAR-B38M CAR T cells. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 37/57 patients (65%); most common were leukopenia (17/57; 30%), thrombocytopenia (13/57; 23%), and aspartate aminotransferase increased (12/57; 21%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 51/57 patients (90%); 4/57 (7%) had grade ≥ 3 cases. One patient reported neurotoxicity of grade 1 aphasia, agitation, and seizure-like activity. The overall response rate was 88% (95% confidence interval CI, 76 to 95); 39/57 patients (68%) achieved a complete response, 3/57 (5%) achieved a very good partial response, and 8/57 (14%) achieved a partial response. Minimal residual disease was negative for 36/57 (63%) patients. The median time to response was 1 month (range, 0.4 to 3.5). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI, 11 to not estimable). Median overall survival for all patients was not reached.
LCAR-B38M CAR T cell therapy displayed a manageable safety profile and demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with R/R MM.
ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03090659 ; Registered on March 27, 2017, retrospectively registered.
As the evidence of the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) grows, its application in commercial products is gradually being replaced with other related compounds, such as bisphenol S (BPS). ...Nevertheless, very little is known about the occurrence of BPS in the environment. In this study, BPS was analyzed in 16 types of paper and paper products (n = 268), including thermal receipts, paper currencies, flyers, magazines, newspapers, food contact papers, airplane luggage tags, printing paper, kitchen rolls (i.e., paper towels), and toilet paper. All thermal receipt paper samples (n = 111) contained BPS at concentrations ranging from 0.0000138 to 22.0 mg/g (geometric mean: 0.181 mg/g). The overall mean concentrations of BPS in thermal receipt papers were similar to the concentrations reported earlier for BPA in the same set of samples. A significant negative correlation existed between BPS and BPA concentrations in thermal receipt paper samples (r = −0.55, p < 0.0001). BPS was detected in 87% of currency bill samples (n = 52) from 21 countries, at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 6.26 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.029 μg/g). BPS also was found in 14 other paper product types (n = 105), at concentrations ranging from <LOQ to 8.38 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.0036 μg/g; detection rate: 52%). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of BPS, through dermal absorption via handling of papers and currency bills, was estimated on the basis of concentrations and frequencies of the handling of papers by humans. The median and 95th percentile EDI values, respectively, were 4.18 and 11.0 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for the general population and 312 and 821 ng/kg bw/day for occupationally exposed individuals. Among the paper types analyzed, thermal receipt papers were found to be the major sources of human exposure to BPS (>88%). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of BPS in paper products and currency bills.
In this work, significant suppression of the interfacial recombination by facile alkali chloride interface modification of the NiOx hole transport layer in inverted planar perovskite solar cells is ...achieved. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the alkali chloride interface modification results in improved ordering of the perovskite films, which in turn reduces defect/trap density, causing reduced interfacial recombination. This leads to a significant improvement in the open‐circuit voltage from 1.07 eV for pristine NiOx to 1.15 eV for KCl‐treated NiOx, resulting in a power conversion efficiency approaching 21%. Furthermore, the suppression of the ion diffusion in the devices is observed, as evidenced by stable photoluminescence (PL) under illumination and high PL quantum efficiency with alkali chloride treatment, as opposed to the luminescence enhancement and low PL quantum efficiency observed for perovskite on pristine NiOx. The suppressed ion diffusion is also consistent with improved stability of the devices with KCl‐treated NiOx. Thus, it is demonstrated that a simple interfacial modification is an effective method to not only suppress interfacial recombination but also to suppress ion migration in the layers deposited on the modified interface due to improved interface ordering and reduced defect density.
Suppression of the interfacial recombination are achieved by facile alkali chloride modification of the nickel oxide in inverted perovskite solar cells. It is demonstrated that the interface modification induces the ordering of the perovskite crystal at the interfaces, which in turn reduces defect/trap density, causing reduced interfacial recombination. This results in dramatically improvement of the open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency.
With the aim of addressing the global warming issue and fossil energy shortage, eco-friendly and sustainable renewable energy technologies are urgently needed. In comparison to energy conversion, ...studies on energy storage fall behind and remain largely to be explored. By storing energy from electrochemical processes at the electrode surface, supercapacitors (SCs) bridge the performance gap between electrostatic double-layer capacitors and batteries. Organic electrode materials have drawn extensive attention because of their special power density, good round trip efficiency and excellent cycle stability. Porous organic polymers (POPs) have drawn extensive attention as attractive electrode materials in SCs. In this review, we present and discuss recent advancements and design principles of POPs as efficient electrode materials for SCs from the perspectives of synthetic strategies and the structure-performance relationships of POPs. Finally, we put forward the outlook and prospects of POPs for SCs.
This review summarizes recent advances and design strategies of porous organic polymers as efficient electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors.
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have resulted in tremendous interest in developing next generation photovoltaics due to high record efficiency exceeding 22%. For inverted structure ...perovskite solar cells, the hole extraction layers play a significant role in achieving efficient and stable perovskite solar cell by modifying charge extraction, interfacial recombination losses, and band alignment. Here, cesium doped NiOx is selected as a hole extraction layer to study the impact of Cs dopant on the optoelectronic properties of NiOx and the photovoltaic performance. Cs doped NiOx films are prepared by a simple solution‐based method. Both doped and undoped NiOx films are smooth and highly transparent, while the Cs doped NiOx exhibits better electron conductivity and higher work function. Therefore, Cs doping results in a significant improvement in the performance of NiOx‐based inverted planar perovskite solar cells. The best efficiency of Cs doped NiOx devices is 19.35%, and those devices show high stability as well. The improved efficiency in devices with Cs:NiOx is attributed to a significant improvement in the hole extraction and better band alignment compared to undoped NiOx. This work reveals that Cs doped NiOx is very promising hole extraction material for high and stable inverted perovskite solar cells.
Cesium doping of NiOx enhances the conductivity of the oxide film and the hole extraction from the perovskite film in inverted planar perovskite solar cells. Significantly improved photovoltaic performance is obtained with the best efficiencies of 16.04% and 19.35% for NiOx and Cs:NiOx, respectively. The devices exhibit negligible hysteresis and good stability.
Organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs), as novel and attractive kinds of organic electronic devices, have gained extensive attention from both academia and industry. The unique device ...architectures can simultaneously combine the electrical switching functionality of organic field‐effect transistors and the light generation capability of organic light‐emitting diodes in a single device, thereby holding great promise for reducing the complicated processes of next‐generation pixel circuitry. This review involves the design, fabrication, and applications of OLETs with a comprehensive coverage of this field with the aim to give a deep insight into the intrinsic mechanisms of devices. Challenges and future prospects of OLETs are also discussed.
Organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) represent a novel class of organic optoelectronic devices that combine the current modulating function of a transistor with light emission. Unipolar OLETs, ambipolar OLETs, and new device structures, most of which intend to elaborate their working principles and the construction of high‐quality optoelectronic devices, are spotlighted in terms of the representative paradigms.
This paper first realizes the construction of multi-level language database by using big data technology and deep learning algorithm. Then, through the analysis of neural network algorithm, the ...extended Kalman filter (EKF) model is established to form a data query system. Finally, simulation experiments verify whether the language database can correctly retrieve language bytes. Experiments show that the database based on big data and deep learning algorithm has high result adaptability. The debugging result of the simulation experiment is the average fitness of each classification after the simulation program runs 20 times continuously. When the number of analysis is more than 15, it is significantly higher than the other two methods, and it is also the smoothest on the convergence curve. The simulation results show that the language database construction method based on the combination of deep learning algorithm and C-type traveling wave has a good effect on the processing of branch point feature data. In addition, it has a good fitting effect on large-scale data, which is conducive to improve the recognition ability of different language systems in the database, and greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of retrieval.
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