ObjectivesAs the fast population ageing in the past few decades, China has also witnessed an increase in the number of migrant elderly following children (MEFC). This study aims to examine the ...relationship between MEFC’s social support, smartphone usage and loneliness in Jinan, China.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingShandong Province, China.ParticipantsThe participants were 656 MEFC aged 60 years or above.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLoneliness was measured by an eight-item version of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (ULS-8). A t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted to compare the level of loneliness across different sociodemographic variables, social support indicators and smartphone usage indicators. Structural equation modelling was used to validate the association between the above variables.ResultsThe MEFC’s mean score on the ULS-8 was 12.82±4.05, indicating a relatively lower level of loneliness. It was found that social support and smartphone usage exerted negative effects on loneliness of the MEFC, and the standardised direct effects were −0.165 (95% CI −0.257 to −0.070) and −0.094 (95% CI −0.180 to −0.003), respectively. Social support was found to be positively associated with smartphone usage of the MEFC, and the standardised direct effect was 0.147 (95% CI 0.052 to 0.246).ConclusionsThe loneliness of the MEFC was relatively low and was clarified to be negatively associated with social support and smartphone usage. Effective intervention measures on social support and smartphone usage to alleviate loneliness among the MEFC in China were recommended based on this study.
A stable and motivated CDC workforce is critical for Chinese public health system improvement in the post-pandemic period of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the lack of career development prospects, low income, ...low status and the widespread and increasingly serious job burnout of employees CDC staff is a complex and difficult problem for the government. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between CDC personnel subjective socioeconomic status and turnover intention using a sample of 2,502 grass-roots CDC personnel who were administered with a subjective socioeconomic status scale, turnover intention scale, job burnout scale, and payment questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) subjective socioeconomic status had a significant association with job burnout and turnover intention; (2) all three dimensions of job burnout played a mediating role in the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status and turnover intention; (3) expected salary change played a moderating role between subjective socioeconomic status and turnover intention. The effect was stronger for workers with low expected salary change, which means due to the multidimensional comparative and complex mechanism of salary change, which had limited effect on turnover intention. These findings provide a basis for the relationship between turnover intention and socioeconomic status of grass-roots CDC personnel, and also provide ideas for reducing job burnout and staff turnover.
The number of migrant older adults with children (MOAC) in China has been increasing in recent years, and most of them are women. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of social support ...between social integration and loneliness among the female MOAC in Jinan, China.
In this study, 418 female MOAC were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Loneliness was measured by the eight-item version of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), and social support was measured by The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Descriptive analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to illustrate the relationship between social integration, social support, and loneliness.
The average scores of ULS-8 and SSRS were 12.9 ± 4.0 and 39.4 ± 5.9 among female MOAC in this study. Social integration and social support were found to be negatively related to loneliness, and the standardized direct effect was -0.20 95% CI: -0.343 to -0.068 and -0.39 95% CI: -0.230 to -0.033, respectively. Social support mediated the relationship between social integration and loneliness, and the indirect effect was -0.16 95% CI: -0.252 to -0.100.
The female MOAC's loneliness was at a relatively lower level in this study. It was found that social integration was negatively associated with loneliness, and social support mediated the relationship between them. Helping female MOAC integrate into the inflow city and improving their social support could be beneficial for alleviating their loneliness.
Deterioration of self-reported oral health and decline in cognitive function are two main adverse health outcomes experienced by the older adults. Little evidence was found on the psychosocial ...mechanism between self-reported oral health and cognitive function. This study explores the association between self-reported oral health and cognitive function and examines the mediating effect of life satisfaction among the community-dwelling elderly in Jinan, China.
A total of 512 older individuals (60+) were included in the study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE), and self-reported oral health was measured using the Chinese version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between self-reported oral health, life satisfaction, and cognitive function. Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the possible effect of covariates. Structural equation modelling and Bootstrap analyses were conducted to verify the mediating role of life satisfaction.
The mean MMSE score was 25.65 ± 4.42. Better self-reported oral health was significantly associated with a higher level of life satisfaction, and those with higher life satisfaction experienced better cognitive function. Age, educational level and source of living expenses were found to be cofounding variables. Life satisfaction partially mediated the effect of self-reported oral health on cognitive function (95% confidence interval CI: 0.010 to 0.075). The mediating effect of life satisfaction accounted for 24% of the total effect.
The level of cognitive function was relatively high. Self-reported oral health was positively associated with cognitive function, and the mediating effect of life satisfaction was proven to exist in the community-dwelling older individuals. Early screening for oral diseases and a greater focus on life satisfaction are recommended.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence and safety of generic sunitinib and its original product Sutent
®
in healthy Chinese subjects through a ...phase-I clinical trial.
Methods:
The study selected two groups of 24 healthy Chinese subjects in a 1:1 ratio through random allocation. Each participant received either 12.5 mg of sunitinib or Sutent
®
per cycle. A total of 15 different time points were employed for blood sample collection during each cycle. Furthermore, a comprehensive assessment of the drugs’ safety was consistently maintained throughout the trial.
Results:
The average adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMR) (90% CI) for the primary PK parameters C
max
, AUC
0-t
and AUC
0-∞
were 97.04% (93.06%–101.19%), 98.45% (93.27%–103.91%) and 98.22% (93.15%–103.56%), respectively. The adjusted GMRs for essential pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters all met the requirements for bioequivalence, with values within the acceptable range of 80%–125%. In addition, the two drugs showed comparable results for the other PK parameters. These results indicate that the two drugs were bioequivalent. Furthermore, both drugs showed well safety.
Conclusion:
The research results proved that the PK and safety profiles of sunitinib in healthy Chinese subjects were comparable to those of Sutent
®
. These results advocate the clinical application of generic sunitinib as a potential alternative to original product Sutent
®
in the treatment of certain medical conditions.
The NAD(P)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene was cloned from
NBRC 3264 and expressed in
BL21 star (DE3). The expressed enzyme was purified and the characteristics were investigated. The ...results showed that this ADH can convert allitol into D-allulose (D-psicose), which is the first reported enzyme with this catalytic ability. The optimum temperature and pH of this enzyme were 50°C and pH 7.0, respectively, and the enzyme showed a maximal activity in the presence of Co
. At 1 mM Co
and allitol concentrations of 50, 150, and 250 mM, the D-allulose yields of 97, 56, and 38%, respectively, were obtained after reaction for 4 h under optimal conditions, which were much higher than that obtained by using the epimerase method of about 30%.
To avoid the discontinuity defect of the Winkler elastic foundation beam model, a two-parameter elastic foundation model of Pasternak reflecting the continuity of the waste foundation was applied in ...the regular analysis of strata movement in waste filling coal mining. A two-parameter elastic foundation beam strata movement mechanical model was established. The formulae to calculate the shear force, bending moment, deflection and foundation reaction force of roof strata were obtained using elastic foundation beam theory. The two-parameter elastic foundation beam model and the Winkler elastic foundation beam model were applied to an engineering example to analyze the influence of different waste foundation coefficient
k
and shear stiffness
G
p
on the force and deformation of roof strata respectively, and the results were compared accordingly. The results show that the shear stiffness has a certain influence on the force state and subsidence of the roof strata, when waste foundation coefficient is smaller, the difference between the two elastic foundation models is greater. Considering the continuity of the waste filling material, the subsidence of the roof beam obtained by the two-parameter foundation model is smaller than that by the Winkler model. The prediction of the development height of water flowing fractured zone and surface subsidence by the new model is more in line with the engineering practice.
Respiratory diseases are common and frequent diseases. Due to the high pathogenicity and side effects of respiratory diseases, the discovery of new strategies for drug treatment is a hot area of ...research.
Georgi (SBG) has been used as a medicinal herb in China for over 2000 years. Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid active ingredient extracted from SBG that BA has been found to exert various pharmacological effects against respiratory diseases. However, there is no comprehensive review of the mechanism of the effects of BA in treating respiratory diseases. This review aims to summarize the current pharmacokinetics of BA, baicalin-loaded nano-delivery system, and its molecular mechanisms and therapeutical effects for treating respiratory diseases.
This review reviewed databases such as PubMed, NCBI, and Web of Science from their inception to 13 December 2022, in which literature was related to "baicalin", "
Georgi", "COVID-19", "acute lung injury", "pulmonary arterial hypertension", "asthma", "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "pulmonary fibrosis", "lung cancer", "pharmacokinetics", "liposomes", "nano-emulsions", "micelles", "phospholipid complexes", "solid dispersions", "inclusion complexes", and other terms.
The pharmacokinetics of BA involves mainly gastrointestinal hydrolysis, the enteroglycoside cycle, multiple metabolic pathways, and excretion in bile and urine. Due to the poor bioavailability and solubility of BA, liposomes, nano-emulsions, micelles, phospholipid complexes, solid dispersions, and inclusion complexes of BA have been developed to improve its bioavailability, lung targeting, and solubility. BA exerts potent effects mainly by mediating upstream oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and immune response pathways. It regulates are the NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/Smad, Nrf2/HO-1, and ERK/GSK3β pathways.
This review presents comprehensive information on BA about pharmacokinetics, baicalin-loaded nano-delivery system, and its therapeutic effects and potential pharmacological mechanisms in respiratory diseases. The available studies suggest that BA has excellent possible treatment of respiratory diseases and is worthy of further investigation and development.
We conducted a phase I bioequivalence trial in healthy Chinese subjects in the fasting and postprandial states. The goal of this trial was to compare the pharmacokinetics and safety of the test ...preparation Cefaclor granule (Disha Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.) and the reference preparation Cefaclor suspension (Ceclor
®
, Eli Lilly and Company). In this trial, 24 subjects were selected in the fasting and postprandial states, respectively. Enrolled subjects randomly accepted a single dose of 0.125 g Cefaclor granule or Cefaclor suspension. The washout period was set as 2 days. Blood samples were collected within 8 h after administration in the fasting state and within 10 h after administration in the postprandial state. Plasma concentrations were determined by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, C
max
) were used to evaluate bioequivalence of the two drugs. In the fasting trial, the geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals CIs) for C
max
, AUC
0-t
, and AUC
0-∞
were 93.01% (85.96%–100.63%), 97.92% (96.49%–99.38%) and 97.95% (96.52%–99.41%), respectively. The GMR (90% CIs) for C
max
, AUC
0-t
, and AUC
0-∞
in postprandial state were 89.27% (81.97%–97.22%), 97.31% (95.98%–98.65%) and 97.31% (95.93%–98.71%), respectively. The 90% CIs of AUC and C
max
in the fasting and postprandial states were within the 80–125% bioequivalence range. Therefore, Cefaclor granule and Cefaclor suspension were bioequivalent and displayed similar safety profiles. Furthermore, food intake affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of both drugs.
