The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is associated with northerly surface winds affecting crop and livestock productivity and social and economic activities across East Asia. However, the ...relationship between EAWM dynamics and marine biota remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed fossil ostracods from sediment cores collected in the northwestern Pacific Ocean to detect the appearance/disappearance of circumpolar species during the late Quaternary. We compared our ostracod records, including dating results, with ice‐rafted debris records from the Sea of Japan, and identified two southward migration events of Arctic ostracods at 120–100 ka (Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5d stadial) and 30–15 ka (MIS 3 and 2, peak Last Glacial), which corresponded to a strengthened EAWM system. Our results indicate that an intensified EAWM influenced the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water formation, lowered the winter water temperatures, and allowed Arctic ostracods to migrate southward into the Yellow Sea.
Plain Language Summary
The impacts of climatic conditions on marine ecosystems and the distribution of marine species are major concerns due to ongoing anthropogenic climate change. Fossil records can provide direct evidence of past climate impacts, and the Yellow Sea (YS) is an important location to track changes in cold‐adapted marine species, as it is located at the southern end of the distribution of Arctic circumpolar species. In this study, we found that circumpolar ostracod species dominated the YS during distinct stadial and peak glacial periods—120 to 100 and 30 to 15 thousand years ago—intervals that are consistent with the periods of a strengthened East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) during the Last Glacial Period. We suggest that the stronger EAWM during these periods enhanced the formation of Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water and/or lowered the winter temperatures of the YS, allowing Arctic ostracods to inhabit more southern regions of the YS.
Key Points
Arctic ostracods inhabited the Yellow Sea between 120 and 100 ka (Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5d stadial) and 30–15 ka (MIS 3–2, peak Last Glacial)
The presence of Arctic ostracods indicates the enhancement of Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water formation
The East Asian winter monsoon controlled the southward and northward migrations of Arctic marine species
Two-dimensional alkylated αβ-TTN and βα-TTN were designed and synthesized. The cross-shaped αβ-TTN and βα-TTN moieties were polymerized to afford two isomeric polymers, Pαβ-TTNFBT40 and Pβα-TTNFBT40 .... Pαβ-TTNFBT40 using an α-aNDT unit in the main chain exhibited more red-shifted absorption and a smaller HOMO/LUMO band gap than Pβα-TTNFBT40 using β-aNDT in the main chain. Compared to Pβα-TTNFBT40 showing a curved backbone, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Pαβ-TTNFBT40 exhibited a quasi-linear polymeric backbone that induces stronger intermolecular interactions and higher molecular ordering in the solid state. Pαβ-TTNFBT40 exhibited an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) hole mobility of 1.12 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1, which outperformed Pβα-TTNFBT40 by 1 order of magnitude (1.60 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1). Through side-chain engineering and optimization, Pαβ-TTNFBT24 using a shorter 2-butyloctyl side chain further strengthened the intermolecular interactions. From grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), Pαβ-TTNFBT24 adopted an edge-on π–π stacking orientation in a thin film, leading to an improved mobility of 1.75 × 10–1 cm2 V–1 s–1, which has exceeded the mobility of the one-dimensional α-aNDT-based PaNDTDTFBT (4.70 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1). This research demonstrated that the two-dimensional structure is an effective strategy to achieve higher OFET mobility, and the geometry of the main chain played a more significant role than that of the side chain in determining the physical and packing properties of polymers.
This paper presents a fault location technique for homogeneous ring-topology power transmission systems using synchrophasors sensed from the instruments in the power Internet of Things (IoT), such as ...Global Positioning System (GPS) based Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) or Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) with embedded GPS. Moreover, with a view to reducing the influence of measurement errors on fault location estimation, minimum demands for GPS-based equipment and Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT)/Current Transformer (CT) transducers are also considered when deriving the proposed algorithm. A unique fault locator is thus developed to recognize the faulted line branch as well as pinpoint the fault position at the same time. Not only can the proposed method avoid iterative operations, but it is also free from the problems of multiple solutions, fault type selections, and fault-path/source impedance assumptions. Last but not the least, extensive simulations considering 161 kV overhead-line parameters of Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) and actual non-ideal sensing/measurement phenomena are conducted to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the suggested idea.
Abstract
Dopamine plays an important role in the modulation of neuroplasticity, which serves as the physiological basis of cognition. The physiological effects of dopamine depend on receptor ...subtypes, and the D1 receptor is critically involved in learning and memory formation. Evidence from both animal and human studies shows a dose-dependent impact of D1 activity on performance. However, the direct association between physiology and behavior in humans remains unclear. In this study, four groups of healthy participants were recruited, and each group received placebo or medication inducing a low, medium, or high amount of D1 activation via the combination of levodopa and a D2 antagonist. After medication, fMRI was conducted during a visuomotor learning task. The behavioral results revealed an inverted U-shaped effect of D1 activation on task performance, where medium-dose D1 activation led to superior learning effects, as compared to placebo as well as low- and high-dose groups. A respective dose-dependent D1 modulation was also observed for cortical activity revealed by fMRI. Further analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between task performance and cortical activation at the left primary motor cortex. Our results indicate a nonlinear curve of D1 modulation on motor learning in humans and the respective physiological correlates in corresponding brain areas.
Sequence-controlled polychalcogenophenes have attracted much interest in terms of synthesis, structure and function in polymer science. For the first time, we developed a new class of alternating ...block conjugated copolymers denoted as poly(
alt
-AB)
x
-
b
-(
alt
-AC)
y
where both blocks are constituted by an alternating copolymer. 3-Hexylthiophene (S), 3-hexylselenophene (Se) and 3-hexyltellurophene (Te) are used as A, B and C units to assemble three sequence-controlled polychalcogenophenes
P(SSe)
b
(STe)
,
P(SSe)
b
(SeTe)
and
P(STe)
b
(SeTe)
which are prepared by adding two different Grignard monomers in sequence to carry out Ni(dppp)Cl
2
-catalyzed Kumada polymerization. The molecular weight, dispersity, and length of each block (
x
=
y
) and main-chain sequence can be synthetically controlled
via
the catalyst transfer polycondensation mechanism. The polymer structures,
i.e.
alternating block main chain with high side-chain regioregularity, are unambiguously confirmed by
1
H-NMR and
13
C-NMR. The optical and electrochemical properties of the polymers can be systematically fine-tuned by the composition and ratio of the chalcogenophenes. From GIWAXS measurements, all the polymers exhibited predominantly edge-on orientations, indicating that the packing behaviors of the alternating block polychalcogenophenes with high regioregularity are inherited from the highly crystalline
P3HT
.
P(SSe)
b
(STe)
exhibited a hole OFET mobility of 1.4 × 10
−2
cm
2
V
−1
s
−1
, which represents one of the highest values among the tellurophene-containing polychalcogenophenes. The tellurophene units in the polymers can undergo Br
2
addition to form the oxidized
TeBr
2
species which results in dramatically red-shifted absorption due to the alternating arrangement to induce strong charge transfer character. The OFET devices using the tellurophene-containing polychalcogenophenes can be applied for Br
2
detection, showing high sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility.
A novel class of sequence-controlled alternating block conjugated polychalcogenophenes has been successfully synthesized and utilized for the detection of bromine gas.
Mutations in the additional sex comb-like 1 (ASXL1) gene were recently shown in various myeloid malignancies, but they have not been comprehensively investigated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In ...this study, we analyzed ASXL1 mutations in exon 12 in 501 adults with de novo AML. ASXL1 mutations were detected in 54 patients (10.8%), 8.9% among those with normal karyotype and 12.9% among those with abnormal cytogenetics. The mutation was closely associated with older age, male sex, isolated trisomy 8, RUNX1 mutation, and expression of human leukocyte antigen–DR and CD34, but inversely associated with t(15;17), complex cytogenetics, FLT3–internal tandem duplication, NPM1 mutations, WT1 mutations, and expression of CD33 and CD15. Patients with ASXL1 mutations had a shorter overall survival than patients without, but the mutation was not an independent adverse prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Sequential analyses showed that the original ASXL1 mutations were lost at relapse and/or refractory status in 2 of the 6 relapsed ASXL1-mutated patients studied, whereas 2 of the 109 ASXL1-wild patients acquired a novel ASXL1 mutation at relapse. In conclusion, AML bearing ASXL1 mutations showed distinct clinical and biological features. The ASXL1 mutation status can change during disease evolution in a few patients.
Bone marrow (BM) samples are obtained through aspiration and trephine biopsy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been largely studied in BM aspirate smears.
To investigate the histologic ...features of HLH in trephine biopsy.
Patients with hemophagocytosis in BM aspirate smears were assigned to HLH (n = 127) and non-HLH (n = 203) groups. We quantified hematoxylin-eosin and CD68 immunohistochemical staining of their trephine biopsies.
No significant correlation was noted in the hemophagocytosis count between aspirate smears and trephine biopsies. Compared with the non-HLH group, the HLH group had a higher hemophagocytosis count (13 versus 9 per tissue section, P = .046), lower percentage of the adipocytic area (36.7% versus 50.3%, P < .001), and higher percentage of the foamy area (19.1% versus 14.5%, P < .001). The HLH group had more histiocyte infiltrates (total histiocyte density, 9.2% versus 7.3%; P < .001) and more fat-infiltrating histiocytes (histiocyte density of the fat-associated part HD-FA, 7.6% versus 6.2%; P < .001). We identified the following poor prognostic factors in the HLH group: age 50 years or older (median overall survival mOS, 95 versus 499 days; P = .04), Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV+TLPDs) (mOS, 51 versus 425 days; P < .001), hemophagocytosis count of 6 or higher per tissue section (mOS, 66 versus 435 days; P = .02), and HD-FA of 9% or greater (mOS, 61 versus 359 days; P = .02). Multivariate analysis revealed that age 50 years or older (hazard ratio HR, 2.38; P < .001), EBV+TLPDs (HR, 2.07; P < .001), and hemophagocytosis count of 6 or higher per tissue section (HR, 2.07; P = .002) were independent prognostic factors for HLH.
The HLH group had higher hemophagocytic activity, higher cellularity, a more foamy appearance, more histiocyte infiltrates, and more fat-infiltrating histiocytes. High hemophagocytic activity and marked histiocyte infiltrates in the BM fat were associated with poorer prognosis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Patients with schizophrenia perform significantly worse on emotion recognition tasks than healthy participants across several sensory modalities. Emotion recognition abilities are correlated with the ...severity of clinical symptoms, particularly negative symptoms. However, the relationships between specific deficits of emotion recognition across sensory modalities and the presentation of psychotic symptoms remain unclear. The current study aims to explore how emotion recognition ability across modalities and neurocognitive function correlate with clusters of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
111 participants who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and 70 healthy participants performed on a dual-modality emotion recognition task, the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2-Taiwan version (DANVA-2-TW), and selected subscales of WAIS-III. Of all, 92 patients received neurocognitive evaluations, including CPT and WCST. These patients also received the PANSS for clinical evaluation of symptomatology.
The emotion recognition ability of patients with schizophrenia was significantly worse than healthy participants in both facial and vocal modalities, particularly fearful emotion. An inverse correlation was noted between PANSS total score and recognition accuracy for happy emotion. The difficulty of happy emotion recognition and earlier age of onset, together with the perseveration error in WCST predicted total PANSS score. Furthermore, accuracy of happy emotion and the age of onset were the only two significant predictors of delusion/hallucination. All the associations with happy emotion recognition primarily concerned happy prosody.
Deficits in emotional processing in specific categories, i.e. in happy emotion, together with deficit in executive function, may reflect dysfunction of brain systems underlying severity of psychotic symptoms, in particular the positive dimension.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Patients with hematological malignancies (HM) were at a high risk of developing severe disease from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess the clinical outcome of COVID-19 in ...hospitalized patients with HM.
Adult patients with HM who were hospitalized with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between May, 2021 and November, 2022 were retrospectively identified. Primary outcome was respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation or mortality within 60 days after hospitalization. We also analyzed associated factors for de-isolation (defined as defervescence with a consecutive serial cycle threshold value > 30) within 28 days.
Of 152 eligible patients, 22 (14.5%) developed respiratory failure or mortality in 60 days. Factors associated with developing respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation or mortality included receipt of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) (adjusted hazards ratio aHR, 5.10; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.64–15.85), type 2 diabetes mellitus (aHR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.04–5.90), lymphopenia at admission (aHR, 6.85; 95% CI, 2.45–19.15), and receiving <2 doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines (aHR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.19–7.60). Ninety-nine (65.1%) patients were de-isolated in 28 days, against which two hazardous factors were identified: receipt of B-cell depletion therapies within one year prior to COVID-19 (aHR, 0.55, 95% CI, 0.35–0.87) and lymphopenia upon admission (aHR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–1.00).
We found a high rate of respiratory failure and mortality among patients with HM who contracted the SARS-CoV-2. Factors associated with developing respiratory failure or mortality in 60 days included receipt of allo-HSCT, type 2 diabetes mellitus and lymphopenia upon admission. Having received ≥2 doses of vaccination conferred protection against clinical progression.
Three unsymmetrical diiodobichalcogenophenes
SSeI
2
,
STeI
2
, and
SeTeI
2
and a diiodoterchalcogenophene
SSeTeI
2
were prepared. Grignard metathesis of
SSeI
2
,
STeI
2
,
SeTeI
2
, and
SSeTeI
2
...occurred regioselectively at the lighter chalcogenophene site because of its relatively lower electron density and less steric bulk. Nickel-catalyzed Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation of these Mg species provided a new class of side-chain regioregular and main-chain AB-type alternating poly(bichalcogenophene)s-
PSSe
,
PSTe
, and
PSeTe
-through a chain-growth mechanism. The ring-walking of the Ni catalyst from the lighter to the heavier chalcogenophene facilitated subsequent oxidative addition, thereby suppressing the possibility of chain-transfer or chain-termination. More significantly, the Ni catalyst could walk over the distance of three rings (
ca.
1 nm)-from a thiophene unit
via
a selenophene unit to a tellurophene unit-to form
PSSeTe
, the first ABC-type regioregular and periodic poly(terchalcogenophene) comprising three different types of 3-hexylchalcogenophenes.
Three unsymmetrical diiodobichalcogenophenes
SSeI
2
,
STeI
2
, and
SeTeI
2
and a diiodoterchalcogenophene
SSeTeI
2
were prepared to synthesize a new class of polychalcogenophenes with precisely controlled sequences by catalyst-transfer polycondensation.
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