Object recognition is among the basic survival skills of human beings and other animals. To date, artificial intelligence (AI) assisted high-performance object recognition is primarily visual-based, ...empowered by the rapid development of sensing and computational capabilities. Here, we report a tactile-olfactory sensing array, which was inspired by the natural sense-fusion system of star-nose mole, and can permit real-time acquisition of the local topography, stiffness, and odor of a variety of objects without visual input. The tactile-olfactory information is processed by a bioinspired olfactory-tactile associated machine-learning algorithm, essentially mimicking the biological fusion procedures in the neural system of the star-nose mole. Aiming to achieve human identification during rescue missions in challenging environments such as dark or buried scenarios, our tactile-olfactory intelligent sensing system could classify 11 typical objects with an accuracy of 96.9% in a simulated rescue scenario at a fire department test site. The tactile-olfactory bionic sensing system required no visual input and showed superior tolerance to environmental interference, highlighting its great potential for robust object recognition in difficult environments where other methods fall short.
The strict copositivity of 4th-order symmetric tensor may apply to detect vacuum stability of general scalar potential. For finding analytical expressions of (strict) copositivity of 4th-order ...symmetric tensor, we may reduce its order to 3rd order to better deal with it. So, it is provided several analytically sufficient conditions for the copositivity of 3rd-order 2-dimensional (3-dimensional) symmetric tensors. Subsequently, applying these conclusions to 4th-order tensors, the analytically sufficient conditions of copositivity are proved for 4th-order 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional symmetric tensors. Finally, we apply these results to present analytical vacuum stability conditions for vacuum stability for
Z
3
scalar dark matter.
•Food N and P footprints of China, India, and Japan from 1961 to 2013 are compared.•To compare the six footprints, a common methodological framework was developed.•The footprints were ...5.4–28.3 kg-N capita−1 yr−1 and 0.99–8.43 kg-P capita−1 yr−1.•The Jp/Ch case extended globally would result in global footprints 18–89% larger.•The N footprint tends to be more sensitive to meat, milk, oil crops, and fish.
Substantial losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the environment occur during food production. These emissions of reactive N (Nr) and P have adverse effects on the environment. The life cycle emissions of Nr and P due to resource consumption can be quantified using N and P footprints. In this study, a common framework developed for the purpose of making comparisons was used to examine the food N and P footprints of China, India, and Japan from 1961 to 2013. The footprints increased significantly in China after 1976 (5.4–19.3 kg-N capita−1 yr−1 and 1.20–4.77 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 1976–2013) with the higher consumption of meat and vegetables. In India, an increase in milk and vegetable consumption resulted in a gradual increase in the footprints since 1976 (8.5–11.4 kg-N capita−1 yr−1, 0.99–1.6 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 1976–2013). In Japan, the footprints increased until 1993 (12.2–28.3 kg-N capita−1 yr−1, 2.59–8.43 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 1961–1993) before declining (21.8 kg-N capita−1 yr−1, 6.05 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 2013), with a constant increase in meat consumption, a decrease in cereals, and improvements in nutrient use efficiency. The N footprint tends to be more sensitive to the consumption of meat, milk, oil crops, fish, and seafood, and the P footprint tends to be more sensitive to vegetables. By analysing the Asian giants, the key food items to target to reduce the footprints are identified. If the per-capita average footprints in high and middle income countries were the same as that in Japan in 1993, the global food N and P footprints would increase by factors of 1.18–1.89 by 2030. The use of these results with other advances in agriculture practices has the potential to improve nutrient use efficiency and to promote more efficiently-produced food.
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Drug discovery focused on target proteins has been a successful strategy, but many diseases and biological processes lack obvious targets to enable such approaches. Here, to overcome this challenge, ...we describe a deep learning-based efficacy prediction system (DLEPS) that identifies drug candidates using a change in the gene expression profile in the diseased state as input. DLEPS was trained using chemically induced changes in transcriptional profiles from the L1000 project. We found that the changes in transcriptional profiles for previously unexamined molecules were predicted with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.74. We examined three disorders and experimentally tested the top drug candidates in mouse disease models. Validation showed that perillen, chikusetsusaponin IV and trametinib confer disease-relevant impacts against obesity, hyperuricemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, respectively. DLEPS can generate insights into pathogenic mechanisms, and we demonstrate that the MEK-ERK signaling pathway is a target for developing agents against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Our findings suggest that DLEPS is an effective tool for drug repurposing and discovery.
Based on the pursuit of lower temperatures and environmentally friendly refrigerants in domestic refrigerator-freezers, this paper investigates the performance of a hydrocarbon mixture R600/R290 in a ...bypass two-circuit cycle applied in −40 °C frost-free refrigerator-freezer. With the aim of achieving a temperature below −40 °C in the freezer compartment and saving energy consumption in the entire system, experiments are conducted to explore the optimal composition and charge of R600/R290. The results indicate that when the total charge of R290/R600 is 77 g and the mass fraction is 43 %/57 %, the freezer compartment can reach −40.6 °C and has a low daily energy consumption of 1.514 kW h/24h at the ambient temperature of 32 °C. In addition, the effect of fan voltage, which is used to characterize the airflow rate in the freezer compartment, on the system performance at different ambient temperatures is also studied. Under the premise that the charge of R290/R600 is 77 g and the mass fraction is 48 %/52 %, when the fan voltage is 7.5 V, the system daily energy consumption is the lowest. At this time, the system daily energy consumption at 25 °C and 32 °C ambient temperatures is 1.161 kW h/24h and 1.553 kW h/24h, respectively.
As a creative method for virtual human individuals based on multiple fusion technologies such as artificial intelligence, computer graphics, and speech synthesis, virtual human technology has ...developed rapidly since its birth, and continuous discussions and studies have been conducted in both academia and industry. Starting from the film and television industries, the cross-disciplinary application of virtual human has been continuously recognized and applied in fields such as media, games, and finance. Although virtual human has achieved sufficient development and innovation, it faces many challenges such as emotion recognition, privacy, and security, as well as the uncanny valley effect. This article starts with the development history of virtual human and analyzes the current academic research status and application scenarios in combination with the characteristics, technical architecture, and application of virtual human technology. At the same time, this article sorts out seven mainstream application scenarios of virtual human and analyzes their main advantages and possible future challenges. This article provides a valuable reference for subsequent related research by exploring development trends, application fields, and future research trends in virtual human.
•The first evidence of the preservation of a sub-seafloor cryptic sulphur cycle.•The multiple sulphur isotope systematics of pyrite clearly reveal its genesis.•A negative Δ33S-δ34S correlation ...associated with oxidative sulphur cycling is archived in sedimentary pyrite.•Multiple sulphur isotopes can be a diagnostic geological tracer for oxidative sulphur cycling.
Oxidative sulphur cycling is pervasive in marine sediments, replenishing the oxidised sulphur reservoir via re-oxidation of sulphide. An active, yet cryptic, sulphur cycle has been proposed to operate at depth beneath the sulphate-methane transition (SMT), fuelled by simultaneous sulphide oxidation and sulphate reduction under low-sulphate conditions. The existence of a cryptic sulphur cycle, however, is centred on porewater and genetic data that have little, to no, preservation potential, and thus are rarely accessible from the geological record. The absence of a suitable archive has hindered our ability to reconstruct the operation and importance of the cryptic sulphur cycle through space and time. To overcome this obstacle, and to develop a better understanding of the oxidative sulphur cycle in the deep biosphere, we have determined the abundance and triple sulphur isotope composition (Δ33S and δ34S) of both elemental sulphur and pyrite extracted from sediments recovered from the methane prone Taixinan Basin, South China Sea. Here, multiple sulphur isotope systematics of pyrite clearly reveal a tiering, with organoclastic sulphate reduction succumbing to sulphate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane at depth. Importantly, a negative Δ33S-δ34S correlation was found at the periphery of the SMT that requires repeated and sustained iron-driven sulphide oxidation with concomitant disproportionation of the elemental sulphur product. We conclude that minor sulphur isotopes may provide a unique lens to resolve the cryptic sulphur cycle, allowing the importance of the deep biosphere to be evaluated over geological timescales. In turn, a better understanding of the cryptic sulphur cycle remains central to testing hypotheses linking major elemental cycles and diverse microbial activities that persist under the energy-limited conditions that typify the deep biosphere.
People are exposed to multiple stimuli in urban environments, but most studies have investigated the unimodal effect of thermal and visual conditions on human comfort perception. It remains unclear ...whether the cross-modal effect found in indoor multisensory studies applies to outdoor environments. To understand the cross-modal effect of thermal and visual conditions on outdoor comfort perception, we conducted a thermal comfort survey (n = 4304) in Guangzhou and Zhuhai (September 2018). We used the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) heat stress classification and sky conditions to stratify our results. The thermal sensation vote was positively correlated with sun sensation vote. There was a significant interaction between UTCI heat stress conditions and sunlight preference vote on thermal comfort vote. The sun sensation (brightness) and sunlight preference vote had a cross-modal effect on thermal sensation and thermal comfort vote under various UTCI heat stress conditions. Under extreme heat stress, respondents’ thermal sensation did not differ significantly between different sun sensation and sunlight preference groups. Thermal sensation, preference and comfort vote had a cross-modal effect on sun sensation and sunlight preference under different sky conditions. Under partly cloudy conditions, sun sensation did not differ significantly between certain thermal sensation and preference groups. A theoretical framework is provided to explain the cross-modal effect between thermal and visual perception. Our findings suggest outdoor thermal discomfort can be alleviated by improving visual comfort and vice versa. Therefore, urban design should consider the combined effect of visual-thermal stimulants in optimizing overall pedestrian comfort and promoting urban liveability.
•Outdoor thermal sensation is positively correlated with sun sensation.•Cross-modal effect exists between outdoor thermal and visual comfort.•Significant association is found between thermal perception and sunlight preference.•Interaction between UTCI and sunlight preference on thermal comfort is significant.•Provide theoretical framework to explain cross-modal effects in comfort perception.
Lake Taihu has been experiencing taste and odor (T&O) events recently. And for the purpose of seeking the environmental factors having great influences on T&O compounds and supplying theory ...information for preventing the occurrence of T&O problems, Redundance analysis (RDA) was conducted for the dissolved and particle-bound forms of T&O compounds. And the whole lake was divided into the blooming and non-blooming areas. Results indicated that environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic factors, made great contributions to the variation of T&O compounds in Lake Taihu. The key biotic factors included Microcystis, Oscillatoria and chlorophyll-a. Microcystis made great contribution of these compounds in the blooming area and had close relationship with those particulate forms of odorants in Taihu. Oscillatoria made great and absolute contribution to odorants in the non-blooming area. Chlorophyll-a influenced greatly the odorants in the blooming area and had significant relationship with the particle-bound fractions in the whole lake. Dissolved oxygen and water temperature were the dominant abiotic factors with large contributions.
•Microcystis had close relationship with odorants in the blooming area, especially with the particulate forms.•Oscillatoria made great and absolute contribution to odorants in the non-blooming area.•Chl-a influenced greatly the odorants in the blooming area and the particle-bound fractions in the whole lake.•Dissolved oxygen and water temperature were the dominant abiotic factors with large contributions.
High pressure Raman study of isobutyramide DongFei, LI; JiaRui, LIU; NaiCui, ZHAI ...
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy,
04/2024, Letnik:
311
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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•Raman spectra of IBA crystal from ambient to 30 GPa were measured.•Raman modes of IBA at ambient were assigned based on the CASTEP calculations.•Raman spectra of IBA under high ...pressure were analyzed in detail.•The phase transitions of IBA were observed at 1, 2 and 10 GPa, respectively.
Isobutyramide (IBA) has attracted considerable attention due to its expansive prospects for practical applications in the synthesis of drugs, dyes and other organic compounds. Herein we perform the high-pressure studies of IBA crystal by Raman spectral measurements at room temperature from ambient pressure to 30 GPa by using diamond anvil cells (DACs) to gain comprehensive insights into its structure and stability. Raman vibrational modes of IBA crystal at ambient pressure are resolved based on the experimental results and the first-principles theoretical calculations. High-pressure Raman scattering results show the Raman bands splitting, emergence/disappearance of the Raman bands and discontinuous wavenumber shifts at 1, 2 and 10 GPa, which indicate that IBA crystal undergoes three structural phase transitions at corresponding pressure. In addition, softening of the C = O and N–H stretching vibrational modes of IBA with increasing pressure can be interpreted by the reorganization of the hydrogen bond network of IBA molecules due to phase transition.
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