A new lanthanide-based framework, Dy(STP)(1,2-bdc)n (1), was constructed. It represents dysprosium(iii) 1D zigzag chains in a 3D framework and displays single-molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour with an ...energy barrier of 55.76 K under zero dc field.
Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis (CRC) is an important medicinal plant, its dried mature peels named "Guangchenpi", has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, indigestion, and ...lung diseases for several hundred years. However, the biosynthesis of the crucial natural products polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) in CRC remains unclear. Here, we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly of CRC with the size of 314.96 Mb and a contig N50 of 16.22 Mb. Using multi-omics resources, we discover a putative caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (CcOMT1) that can transfer a methyl group to the 3-hydroxyl of natsudaidain to form 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HPMF). Based on transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing experiments, we propose that CcOMT1 is a candidate enzyme in HPMF biosynthesis. In addition, a potential gene regulatory network associated with PMF biosynthesis is identified. This study provides insights into PMF biosynthesis and may assist future research on mining genes for the biosynthesis of plant-based medicines.
It is necessary for national parks to exert multiple forms of influence. One innovative function of national parks is leisure and recreation. By optimizing the recreation function, national parks can ...enhance public participation and tourists’ willingness to pay to achieve sustainable development. This paper surveys 435 tourists in Wuyishan National Park with a discrete choice experiment, applies mixed logit models to explore their preferences for recreational attributes from three dimensions and analyzes the heterogeneity. The findings indicate that attributes such as the number of concession activities, transportation variety, the density of recreational facilities, biodiversity, sightseeing zone and combined ticket fee significantly impact tourists’ willingness to pay. Higher-educated, younger and willing-to-revisit tourists are more likely to pay for the park and hope to optimize the facilities and activities. The estimated recreational value of the park is RMB 164.51 (about USD 22.75) per person. Here, heterogeneity exist: higher-educated tourists ask for lager sightseeing zone, younger ones prefer more diverse activities and those who are willing to revisit incline to variety means of transportation.
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is characterized by the microenvironment of pacemaker cardiomyocytes (PCs) encased with fibroblasts. An altered microenvironment leads to rhythm failure. Operable cell or ...tissue models are either generally lacking or difficult to handle. The biological process behind the milieu of SANs to evoke pacemaker rhythm is unknown. We explored how fibroblasts interact with PCs and regulate metabolic reprogramming and rhythmic activity in the SAN.
Tbx18 (T-box transcription factor 18)-induced PCs and fibroblasts were used for cocultures and engineered tissues, which were used as the in vitro models to explore how fibroblasts regulate the functional integrity of SANs. RNA-sequencing, metabolomics, and cellular and molecular techniques were applied to characterize the molecular signals underlying metabolic reprogramming and identify its critical regulators. These pathways were further validated in vivo in rodents and induced human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
We observed that rhythmicity in Tbx18-induced PCs was regulated by aerobic glycolysis. Fibroblasts critically activated metabolic reprogramming and aerobic glycolysis within PCs, and, therefore, regulated pacemaker activity in PCs. The metabolic reprogramming was attributed to the exclusive induction of Aldoc (aldolase c) within PCs after fibroblast-PC integration. Fibroblasts activated the integrin-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase-E2F1 signal through cell-cell contact and turned on Aldoc expression in PCs. Interruption of fibroblast-PC interaction or Aldoc knockdown nullified electrical activity. Engineered Tbx18-PC tissue sheets were generated to recapitulate the microenvironment within SANs. Aldoc-driven rhythmic machinery could be replicated within tissue sheets. Similar machinery was faithfully validated in de novo PCs of adult mice and rats, and in human PCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.
Fibroblasts drive Aldoc-mediated metabolic reprogramming and rhythmic regulation in SANs. This work details the cellular machinery behind the complex milieu of vertebrate SANs and opens a new direction for future therapy.
To improve the global optimization ability and convergence speed of the swarm intelligence algorithm, we proposed a new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, namely the Oryctolagus cuniculus ...algorithm. This includes five mechanisms: the determination of safety zones, the cave escape, the agglomeration of Oryctolagus cuniculi, the maintenance of the Oryctolagus cuniculus king, and the zone competition. Each solution is represented by each Oryctolagus cuniculus’s position (including zone number and specific location number). The grass density and safety index at the location of the Oryctolagus cuniculus represents its fitness value. The determination of safety zones implies that predators such as eagles hunt Oryctolagus cuniculi in dangerous zones, and the zone without predators is considered a safety zone. The cave escape refers to the act of Oryctolagus cuniculi using a connected cave system to flee from a dangerous zone and reach a secure zone, thereby evading potential predators. We select the Oryctolagus cuniculus with higher fitness values as the king of each zone, and the Oryctolagus cuniculi gather towards the Oryctolagus cuniculus king. This mechanism ensures that Oryctolagus cuniculus mainly searches in zones with abundant grass and quickly finds the optimal solution. In the maintenance of the Oryctolagus cuniculus king, we choose the one with higher fitness values as the Oryctolagus cuniculus king. Zone competition is induced by an increase in the number of Oryctolagus cuniculi in zones with abundant grass by ordering the fitness values of each zone, and vice versa. We apply the Oryctolagus cuniculus algorithm to the inversion method of the asteroid spectra reflectance template. The experimental results show that compared with artificial rabbit optimization, this algorithm has a faster rate of convergence and better solution, effectively screens the reflectance template, and improves the Doppler difference velocimetry accuracy. In addition, the application of the Oryctolagus cuniculus algorithm to the knapsack problem also performs effectively.
Three series of lanthanide coordination polymers, namely catena‐polylanthanide(III)‐μ2‐(benzene‐1,2‐dicarboxylato)‐μ2‐2‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl)benzoato monohydrate, ...{Ln(C8H4O4)(C22H14N3O2)·H2O}n or {Ln(1,2‐bdc)(L)·H2O}n, with lanthanide (Ln) = dysprosium (Dy, 1), holmium (Ho, 2) and erbium (Er, 3), polybis(μ2‐benzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylato)bisμ2‐2‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl)benzoatodilanthanide(III), Ln2(C8H4O4)2(C22H14N3O2)2n or Ln2(1,3‐bdc)2(L)2n, with Ln = gadolinium (Gd, 4), Ho (5) and Er (6), and poly(μ2‐benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylato)μ2‐2‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl)benzoatolanthanide(III), Ln(C8H4O4)(C22H14N3O2)n or Ln(1,4‐bdc)(L)n, with Ln = Dy (7), Ho (8), Er (9) and ytterbium (Yb, 10), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1–3 possess one‐dimensional loop chains with Ln2(COO)2 units, which are extended into three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular structures by π–π interactions. Isostructural compounds 5 and 6 show 6‐connected 3D networks, with pcu topology consisting of Ln2(COO)2 units. Compounds 7–10 display 8‐connected 3D frameworks with the topological type rob, consisting of Ln2(COO)2 units. The influence of the coordination orientations of the aromatic dicarboxylate groups on the crystal structures is discussed.
Three series of lanthanide(III) coordination polymers based on functionalized terpyridine carboxylate and aromatic dicarboxylate ligands were obtained. The influence of the coordination orientations of the aromatic dicarboxylate groups on the crystal structures is discussed.
Pacemaker cells can be differentiated from stem cells or transdifferentiated from quiescent mature cardiac cells via genetic manipulation. Here we show that the exposure of rat quiescent ventricular ...cardiomyocytes to a silk-fibroin hydrogel activates the direct conversion of the quiescent cardiomyocytes to pacemaker cardiomyocytes by inducing the ectopic expression of the vascular endothelial cell-adhesion glycoprotein cadherin. The silk-fibroin-induced pacemaker cells exhibited functional and morphological features of genuine sinoatrial-node cardiomyocytes in vitro, and pacemaker cells generated via the injection of silk fibroin in the left ventricles of rats functioned as a surrogate in situ sinoatrial node. Biomaterials with suitable surface structure, mechanics and biochemistry could facilitate the scalable production of biological pacemakers for human use.
Objective This study aims to analyze the effects of the plant growth regulator Miantaijin (N,N-dimethyl piperidinium chloride and 2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl caproate) and planting density on yield and ...nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake and accumulation in cotton. The results will clarify the high-yield cultivation techniques in the cotton direct seeding after wheat harvesting cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin. Method In 2017 and 2018, the cotton cultivar Guoxinzao 11-1 was planted at 3 densities (75,000, 90,000, and 105,000 plants·ha−1), and 3 Miantaijin doses (0, 1170, and 2340 mL·ha−1) were imposed. Results The results show that the highest yield (3551.3–3687.5 kg·ha−1) was achieved with a 90,000 and 105,000 plant·ha−1 density and 1170 mL·ha−1 of Miantaijin (seedling stage: 90 mL·ha−1, peak squaring stage: 180 mL·ha−1, peak flowering stage: 360 mL·ha−1, and peak bolling stage: 540 mL·ha−1). Under these conditions, the uptakes of N, P, and K were also the highest, up to 117.8 kg·ha−1, 77.4 kg·ha−1, and 116.4 kg·ha−1, respectively. N uptake was the highest from the peak flowering to peak squaring stage, while the highest uptakes of P and K were both detected from the peak squaring to peak flowering stages. We also found significant linear positive correlations between yield and the total absorptions and accumulations of N, P, and K, especially during the peak flowering–peak bolling stage. Conclusions The optimum dose of Miantaijin with a medium and high density could enhance the absorption of N, P, and K during the whole growth period of the cotton population, especially in the peak flowering–boll opening stage. This resulted in the highest yield of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvesting.
As one of the most important edible legumes worldwide, faba bean can be grown for grain, feed, vegetable, fertilizer, medicine and deep processing. In this study, experiments were designed to ...determine the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and development of faba bean. Dabaipi (a cultivar of Vicia faba L.) was used for the experiments. Five treatments with different ratios of organic nitrogen (N) to total N were applied, including 0% organic fertilizer (0% OF), 25% OF, 50% OF, 75% OF, 100% OF and 0% OF. Chemical urea was used as an inorganic fertilizer. The experimental results showed that 50% OF resulted in the highest faba bean yield, up to 10,337.39 and 13,595.7 kg ha−1 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Compared with 0% OF, 50% OF increased the yield by 84.47% and 183.17%, respectively. The regression analysis showed that the yield could be maximized when ROT accounted for 51.1%. The 50% OF treatment significantly increased N accumulation in seeds, resulting in higher N partial factor productivity and N harvest index (NHI). N accumulation in green seeds and aboveground plant parts had a significantly positive linear correlation with the yield and NHI, respectively. The 50% OF treatment maintained appropriate N accumulation in vegetative organs and higher N accumulation in reproductive organs and whole plants. Compared to 0% OF, the 50% OF treatment increased the total nodule number per plant (52.5%), fresh nodule weight (55.8%), nitrate reductase activity (70.7%), glutamine synthetase (18.2%) and glutamate synthase activity (42.4%). Therefore, the combined application of 50% OF and 50% inorganic fertilizer can be recommended for faba bean cultivation. This study will provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of faba bean.
Fertilizer application, especially their physical and chemical composition, substantially regulates crop growth and development. The form in which fertilizers are applied to the soil has always been ...regarded as a crucial factor regulating nutrient availability. However, the properties and release characteristics of Mg fertilizers, i.e., fast-release Mg (F-Mg) and slow-release Mg (S-Mg), have not been fully elucidated in acidic soils. This study characterized the different Mg fertilizers, and their release characteristics were verified through pot (using soybean) and field (using pomelo) experiments. The results showed that, despite the differences between different Mg fertilizers, the same functional group peaks were recorded among them. F-Mg fertilizers had a low pH and low Mg purity, while S-Mg fertilizers had a high pH and high Mg purity. The release rate and leaching characteristics of the F-Mg fertilizers were higher than the S-Mg fertilizers. The pot experiment showed that the yield and growth of soybean were higher under the S-Mg fertilizer than the F-Mg fertilizer. However, MgSO4·7H2O and MgO had the best effect among the F-Mg and S-Mg fertilizers, respectively. The effects of these two fertilizers were further validated using field experiments, and it was found that MgSO4·7H2O and MgO fertilizers substantially improved the yield and quality of pomelo. However, MgO showed a better effect than MgSO4·7H2O. This study can provide a sound theoretical basis for selecting the most efficient type of Mg fertilizer for acid soils. It can contribute valuable information regarding farmland management strategies and may result in sustainable agricultural productivity.
