How to optimize China’s protective mechanism for overseas citizens has become the top agenda of China’s public administration. A comparison of the evacuation policies of China and the US in the 2010s ...reveals that the Chinese government’s operations attach more importance to the actual effects of evacuation and the feelings of citizens, while considering the responsibility of citizens and cost burden less. This generous evacuation policy can be partly rationalized by China’s domestic factors, such as the “Going Global” policy, its contemporary image as a populous rising power, and its traditional family-country narrative, which generates a familial conception of state–citizen relations and encourages the government to take extra responsibility for citizens. While the familial conception of state–citizen relations is conductive to building national identity and cohesion, it blurs the dividing line between civic responsibility and governmental responsibility, undercuts the efficiency of public administration, causes waste of public resources, and overburdens governmental agencies. As China’s industrialization and urbanization progress, how to revise the long-established familial conception of state–citizen relations and establish a responsible civil society based on contractual rule of law has become an urgent issue.
Points for practitioners
This study highlights the parental role of the Chinese government in the protection of overseas citizens and attributes it partly to the traditional family-country narrative, which generates a family conception of state–citizen relations. While this conception is conductive to building national identity and cohesion, it causes waste of public resources and overburdens governmental agencies. It is necessary to revise the long-established conception and cultivate a responsible civil society to improve the efficiency of public administration in contemporary China.
Bio Based Batteries Liu, Lianlian; Solin, Niclas; Inganäs, Olle
Advanced energy materials,
11/2021, Letnik:
11, Številka:
43
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The expanding use of electrical power generated from wind turbines and solar photovoltaic plants is enabled by the decreasing cost of electrical energy from sun and wind. With the advent of ...electrical energy from the intermittent solar and wind energy resources comes the requirement that electricity must be stored for use over time. The huge demand for materials for such storage systems will require a considerable energy input in extraction, processing and materials formulation, and new and sustainable electrochemical systems need to be developed. Storing electrical energy in bio based batteries is one of the options for handling the rapid expansion of renewable and variable electrical energy generated in wind turbines and in solar photovoltaic systems, from small to large. With projected needs for storage at 300 GWh for the coming decade, there are many niches for new technologies and possibilities. A supply line of materials for energy storage materials could be ultimately based on photosynthesis, in the form of materials derived from plants. Redox activity is possible in lignin, humic acid, and polyphenolic macromolecules, sometimes by electrochemical activation of redox groups.
Carbon compounds are essential as electroactive materials, electronic conductors, and electrolytes in bio based batteries, and their development is inspired by the prime example of quinones as the energy carrier in bioenergetics. By utilizing materials produced by green plants, and sometimes available as waste products from well‐established industrial processes, the steps toward safe and scalable bio based batteries are enabled.
Lignin is a promising candidate for energy storage because of its abundance, wide geographic distribution, and low cost as it is mainly available as a low value product from processing of wood into ...paper pulp. Lignin contains large amounts of potential quinone groups, which can be oxidized and reduced in a two electron process. This redox reaction makes lignin suitable for charge storage. However, lignin is insulating and therefore conductive materials are necessary in lignin electrodes, for whom the cost of the conductive materials hinders the scalable application. Among the organic conductive materials, graphite is one of the cheapest and is easily acquired from nature. In this work, we combine graphite and lignosulfonate (LS) and fabricate LS/graphite organic electrodes under a solvent-free mechanical milling method, without additives. The graphite is sheared into small particles with a size range from 50 nm to 2000 nm. Few-layer graphene is formed during the ball milling process. The LS/graphite hybrid material electrodes with primary stoichiometry of 4/1 (w/w) gives a conductivity of 280 S m
−1
and discharge capacity of 35 mA h g
−1
. It is a promising material for the scalable production of LS organic electrodes.
Scalable and low cost lignin/graphite hybrid material electrodes formed by mechanochemistry.
The supercapacitor (SC) based on nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) has aroused great interest in the field of energy storage. However, the agglomeration and low electrical ...conductivity are unfavorable for electrochemical performance. Herein, Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) was first dip-coated on nickel foam (NF) to form a conductive substrate, on which the NiCo-LDH nanosheet array in-situ grew to construct an efficient three-dimensional (3D) self-supported hierarchical structure NiCo-LDH/Ag NWs/NF electrode. The presence of Ag NWs inhibits aggregation of LDH nanosheets and accelerates the electron transfer. Electrochemical studies exhibit that NiCo-LDH/Ag/NF hybrid electrode possesses the higher specific capacitance of 2920.6 F g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability (89.8% after 2000 cycles) compared with the electrode without Ag NWs. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with the NiCo-LDH/Ag/NF heterostructure as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode displays a high energy density of 42.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1. When two aqueous ASCs were assembled in series and charged for only 1 min, the stored energy was capable of powering two green light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) for more than 3 min, indicating NiCo-LDH/Ag/NF electrode material shows great potential application in supercapacitor.
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•Ag NWs and 3D ultrathin NiCo-LDH nanosheets are successively decorated on Ni foam.•The conductivity and active sites of electrode are enhanced by the addition of Ag NWs.•The specific capacitance of NiCo-LDH/Ag/NF electrode is 2920.6 F g−1 at 5 A g−1.•The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits high energy and power densities.
Angiogenesis plays an important role in tissue repair and regeneration, and conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) possesses pro-angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the profile ...and concentration of growth factors in MSC-CM remain to be optimized. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been proven to be an effective angiogenic factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify whether FGF-2 gene overexpression optimized CM from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and whether such optimized CM possessed more favorable pro-angiogenesis effect.
First, FGF-2 gene-modified hGMSCs were constructed using lentiviral transfection technology (LV-FGF-2
-hGMSCs) and the concentration of angiogenesis-related factors in LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM was determined by ELISA. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured for 3 days with LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM, and the expression level of placenta growth factor (PLGF), stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in HUVECs were determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and cellular immunofluorescence techniques. The migration assay using transwell and in vitro tube formation experiments on matrigel matrix was conducted to determine the chemotaxis and angiogenesis enhanced by LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM. Finally, NOD-SCID mice were injected with matrigel mixed LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM, and the plug sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-human CD31 antibody.
LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM contained significantly more FGF-2, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) than hGMSC-CM. HUVECs pretreated with LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM expressed significantly more PLGF, SCF, and VEGFR2 at gene and protein level than hGMSC-CM pretreated HUVECs. Compared with hGMSC-CM, LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM presented significantly stronger chemotaxis to HUVECs and significantly strengthened HUVECs mediated in vitro tube formation ability. In vivo, LV-FGF-2
-hGMSC-CM also possessed stronger promoting angiogenesis ability than hGMSC-CM.
Overexpression of FGF-2 gene promotes hGMSCs paracrine of angiogenesis-related growth factors, thereby obtaining an optimized conditioned medium for angiogenesis promotion.
Antimicrobial peptides are molecules with strong antimicrobial activity and are of substantial interest for the immunization of insects. As a type of dipteran insect that can turn organic waste into ...animal feed, the black soldier fly (BSF) can "turn waste into treasure". In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptide genes,
and
of BSF in silkworms, by overexpressing the genes specifically in the midgut. Changes in the mRNA levels of the transgenic silkworms after infection with
were evaluated using transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that
had stronger antimicrobial activity than
. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in the transgenic overexpressed
silkworm lines from the D9L strain were mainly enriched in the starch and sucrose metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, drug metabolism (other enzymes), biotin metabolism, platinum drug resistance, galactose metabolism, and pancreatic secretion pathways. In addition, immune-related genes were up-regulated in this transgenic silkworm strain. Our study may provide new insights for future immune studies on insects.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
is a model lepidopteran insect of great economic value. Mulberry leaves are its only natural food source. The development of artificial diets can not only resolve the seasonal shortage of mulberry ...leaves but also enable changes to be made to the feed composition according to need. Metabolomic differences between the midguts of male and female silkworms fed either on fresh mulberry leaves or an artificial diet were studied using liquid chromatography-mass spectrography (LC-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 758 differential metabolites were identified. Our analysis showed that they were mainly involved in disease resistance and immunity, silk quality, and silkworm growth and development. These experimental results provide insights into the formulation of optimized artificial feed for silkworms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aberrant RNA modifications are frequently associated with cancers, while the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance remain poorly understood. Here, we find that the ac4C RNA ...acetyltransferase NAT10 is significantly upregulated in esophageal cancers (ESCAs) and associated with poor ESCA prognosis. In addition, using ESCA cell lines and mouse models, we confirm the critical functions of NAT10 in promoting ESCA tumorigenesis and progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NAT10 depletion reduces the abundance of ac4C-modified tRNAs and decreases the translation efficiencies of mRNAs enriched for ac4C-modified tRNA-decoded codons. We further identify EGFR as a key downstream target that facilitates NAT10’s oncogenic functions. In terms of clinical significance, we demonstrate that NAT10 depletion and gefitinib treatment synergistically inhibit ESCA progression in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate the mechanisms underlying ESCA progression at the layer of mRNA translation control and provide molecular insights for the development of effective cancer therapeutic strategies.
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•NAT10 enhances tRNA stability through ac4C modification•NAT10 promotes esophageal cancer development by enhancing the translation efficiency of EGFR•Inhibition of NAT10 enhances the effectiveness of gefitinib treatment in esophageal cancer
Wei et al. found that NAT10-mediated ac4C tRNA modification promotes the development of esophageal cancer by enhancing the translation efficiency of EGFR. The combination of gefitinib and remodelin, a small-molecule inhibitor of NAT10, showed great potential for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
The optimal selection of pinning nodes for multi-agent flocking is a challenging NP-hard problem. Current pinning node selection strategies mainly rely on centrality measures of complex networks, ...which lack rigorous mathematical proof for effective flocking control. This paper proposes a pinning node selection strategy based on matrix eigenvalue theory. First, the effect of the pinning node on the eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix is analyzed. Then, a synchronization index representing the topology uniformity of the multi-agent system is proposed to exert maximum influence on the system synchronizability. A practical optimal pinning node selection method based on the synchronization index is proposed and analyzed using the eigenvalue perturbation method. Finally, simulations demonstrate that the convergence rate of the system obtained using the optimal synchronizability pinning node selection method is better than that achieved with the maximum degree centrality node selection strategy.
Plant glycoside hydrolase family 9 genes (GH9s) are widely distributed in plants and involved in a variety of cellular and physiological processes. In the current study, nine GH9 genes were ...identified in the mulberry and were divided into two subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis. Conserved motifs and gene structure analysis suggested that the evolution of the two subfamilies is relatively conserved and the glycoside hydrolase domain almost occupy the entire coding region of the GH9s gene. Only segmental duplication has played a role in the expansion of gene family. Collinearity analysis showed that mulberry GH9s had the closest relationship with poplar GH9s.
, and
were detected to have transcript accumulation in the stalk of easy-to drop mature fruit drop, suggesting that these could play a role in mulberry fruit drop. Multiple cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress responses were found in the mulberry GH9 promoter regions and showed different activities under exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) stresses. We found that the lignin content in the fruit stalk decreased with the formation of the abscission zone (AZ), which could indirectly reflect the formation process of the AZ. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the role of GH9s in mulberry abscission.
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