With the rapid development of society, regional urban construction has become the main guarantee of economic development, and smart city construction has become the main trend of regional ...development. Smart cities consist of information images and urban development, which can meet the needs of the modern generation for material life, knowledge and scientific life. Therefore, wireless remote sensing (RS) and video image processing have become key tools for the development of smart cities, which can solve the problems encountered by many professionals before, and become an integral part of urban construction. On this basis, this paper summarized the video processing image and wireless network RS image, and analyzed their development and application in urban design and layout. Based on this, this paper expounded the application of wireless network RS image in smart city design and layout, and analyzed the application prospects of RS technology in building smart city space-time information framework, RS+urban management, RS+smart environmental protection, RS+smart city agriculture and video processing technology in smart city design and planning. It analyzed the application in intelligent security, intelligent transportation and management visualization, and then used the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (2D-DFT) definition to strengthen the design and layout of smart cities. According to experiments and surveys, introducing 2D-DFT into the design and layout of smart cities can build a more intelligent city and improve residents' satisfaction by 30%.
Background and Aim
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an increasingly important health issue. However, there are no data on the change in prevalence of NAFLD within a population ...over time, especially in the mainland of China. The goal of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of NAFLD in the mainland of China.
Methods
Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wangfang, Weipu, and SinoMed databases, as well as relevant articles published from 1997 to 2013, reporting prevalence estimates of NAFLD in the mainland of China. Summary estimates of prevalence were calculated with a random effects model. The effects of research methodology on the prevalence estimates were assessed using a meta‐regression model.
Results
Forty‐eight studies were identified with of a total of 356 367 subjects. The overall pooled prevalence of NAFLD was 20.09% (17.95–22.31%). Subgroup analyses showed the following results: male: 24.81% (21.88–27.87%), female: 13.16% (11.33–15.11%), for 18–30: 9.22% (6.93–11.81%), for 40: 16.77% (13.22–20.66%), for 50: 23.50% (19.57–27.66%), for 60: 26.89% (21.11–33.09%), for urban: 21.83% (18.00–25.92%), for rural: 20.43% (8.01–36.74%); study years in 2000–2006: 18.22% (14.32–22.48%), 20.00% (16.84–23.36%) for 2007–2009, and 18.93% (15.41–22.72%) for 2010–2013.
Conclusions
The prevalence of NAFLD is lower than the estimates from developed countries. But it still reaches the epidemic proportions, and its prevalence is increasing. Meanwhile, a nationwide prevalence investigation should be conducted to confirm the estimates and determine more accurate rates for specific populations.
Plants retain the ability to produce new organs throughout their life cycles. Continuous aboveground organogenesis is achieved by meristems, which are mainly organized, established, and maintained in ...the shoot apex and leaf axils. This paper will focus on reviewing the recent progress in understanding the regulation of shoot apical meristem and axillary meristem development. We discuss the genetics of plant meristems, the role of plant hormones and environmental factors in meristem development, and the impact of epigenetic factors on meristem organization and function.
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in various plants. It has been widely studied on cardiovascular disorders. It is known that resveratrol can activate Sirtuin proteins and participate in ...cellular energy metabolism through a Sirtuin-dependent pathway. Here, we hypothesized that resveratrol may protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the target of Sirt1/Sirt3 on mitochondrial dynamics, cardiac autophagy, bioenergetics and oxidative damage in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We observed that resveratrol could activate the Sirt1/Sirt3-FoxO pathway on myocardial mitochondria in H/R cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, we found that resveratrol repaired the fission–fusion balance, autophagic flux and mitochondrial biosynthesis compared by H/R group. These changes were followed by increased functional mitochondrial number, mitochondrial bioenergetics and a better mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system. Meanwhile, these effects were antagonized by co-treatment with Selisistat (Ex527), a Sirtuin inhibitor. Together, our findings uncover the potential contribution of resveratrol in reestablishing a mitochondrial quality control network with Parkin, Mfn2 and PGC-1α as the key nodes.
The properties of rice flour are very important for making gluten-free rice bread. In this study, rice flour was prepared using different milling methods (wet-milling, cyclone-milling and ...ultrafine-milling) to investigate their effect on the properties of gluten-free rice bread. The milling method was found to significantly affect the damaged starch content, state of the starch granule, gelatinization temperature and absorption enthalpy of rice flour (p < 0.05). The starch granules of flour prepared by wet milling had a high integrity, low damaged starch content (2.80 g/100 g), high gelatinization temperature, and high values of absorption enthalpy and gel strength compared to ultrafine-milling and cyclone-milling methods. As the deformation of the starch in the rice grains decreased, the amount of completely gelatinized starch granules in the bread decreased, with its specific volume also decreasing from 3.1 to 1.2 mL/g. Increase in starch damage content was observed to decrease the specific volume of bread, consequently increasing the hardness of bread. Also, uneven pores were observed, and the number and size of internal pores decreased. This indicated that wet-milled rice flour with a low content of damaged starch and higher starch granules integrity produced better gluten-free rice bread.
•Damaged starch content has a significant effect on rice bread.•Wet milled flour has lower damaged starch content and more intact starch granules.•Compared with ultrafine and cyclone, wet-flour is more suitable for making bread.•Rice flour with low damaged starch content is a good material for making rice bread.•Starch granules that are not fully gelatinized in baking may help form texture.
In the past few years, genome-wide association study （GWAS） has made great successes in identifying genetic susceptibility loci underlying many complex diseases and traits. The findings provide ...important genetic insights into understanding pathogenesis of diseases. In this paper, we present an overview of widely used approaches and strategies for analysis of GWAS, offered a general consideration to deal with GWAS data. The issues regarding data quality control, population structure, association analysis, multiple comparison and visual presentation of GWAS results are discussed; other advanced topics including the issue of missing heritability, meta-analysis, setbased association analysis, copy number variation analysis and GWAS cohort analysis are also briefly introduced.
The effect of xanthan gum (XG) on the surface dynamic properties (dynamic surface pressure and surface dilatational properties) of the sodium caseinate (CN) adsorbed film at the oil–water interface ...has been studied in this paper. The measurements were performed as a function of bulk protein concentration in the range of 0.001–1.0 wt% using an automatic pendant drop tensiometer. The XG concentration (0.05 wt%), temperature (25 °C), pH (7.0) were maintained constants. The results revealed a significant effect of XG on dynamic characteristics of CN adsorbed films. At short adsorption time, the diffusion (kdiff) of CN to the interface decreased due to the interactions with XG in the aqueous phase which could limit protein availability for the adsorption. The presence of XG led to a decrease in the rates of penetration (kP) and rearrangement (kR) of CN at the interface at long adsorption times. High concentrations of CN in the bulk solutions showed significant impact on the dilatational viscosity close to the interface, due either to diffusional relaxation or to rearrangement of the adsorbed primary layer and multilayers of protein molecules. Moreover, CN/XG mixtures presented higher dilatational elasticity at the bulk concentration of CN beyond 0.001 wt%.
The existence of caseinate/xanthan interactions in the vicinity of the oil–water interface has an effect on the dilatational modulus of caseinate adsorbed films (Fig. a) and caseinate/xanthan mixtures at higher protein concentration are predominantly more elastic compared to single caseinate adsorbed films at long-term adsorption (Fig. b). Display omitted
We introduce two inertial extragradient algorithms for solving a bilevel pseudomonotone variational inequality problem in real Hilbert spaces. The advantages of the proposed algorithms are that they ...can work without the prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the involving operator and only one projection onto the feasible set is required. Strong convergence theorems of the suggested algorithms are obtained under suitable conditions. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
This study focused on exploring the effects of damaged starch on glutinous rice flour properties and sweet dumpling qualities. Glutinous rice flours with different damaged starch contents (2–8%) and ...the same particle size were prepared through sifting and blending of semidry-milled and dry-milled rice flour. The increase of damaged starch content led to an increase in elastic modulus (G′), viscous modulus (G″) and agglomeration of starch granules, and a decrease in peak viscosity, breakdown value and enthalpy change (ΔH). Among all the samples, the rice flour batters with damaged starch content 3% and 4% were more stable and structured, and rice flours with damaged starch content 2% and 3% showed better pasting properties. As for the sweet dumpling qualities, compact structure, weak water mobility, less water loss, slight cracking and desirable cooking and texture properties were observed in the sweet dumplings made from rice flour with damaged starch content of less than 5%. All the results demonstrated that glutinous rice flour with damaged starch content of less than 5% had good flour properties and was suitable for the production of sweet dumplings.
•Glutinous rice flour with different damaged starch contents had a same particle size.•Rice flour batters with 3% and 4% damaged starch content were stable and structured.•Damaged starch generated a negative effect on the sweet dumpling qualities.•Damaged starch increased the cracking and cooking loss rate of sweet dumpling.•Rice flours with damaged starch content below 5% were optimal for sweet dumpling.
As an essential trace element in the human body, selenium (Se) has various physiological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer activity. Selenium-enriched proteins/peptides (SePs/SePPs) are ...the primary forms of Se in plants and animals, and they are the vital carriers of its physiological activities. On the basis of current research, this review systematically describes the extraction methods (aqueous, alkaline, enzymatic, auxiliary, etc.) and detection methods (HPLC-MS/MS, GC-ICP-MS, etc.) for SePs/SePPs in plants. Their bioavailability and bioactivity, and the effect of processing are also included. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding and theoretical guidance for the utilization of selenium-enriched proteins/peptides.
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